组织遗忘与知识刚性:创业导向和环境动态性的调节效应
|
摘要
企业发展过程中总是面临着知识刚性现象,但是对如何克服知识刚性,现有研究关注甚少。为此,本文以中国东部沿海地区的187家高技术企业为研究样本,从组织遗忘视角来研究知识刚性的克服问题,并进一步分析了创业导向和环境动态性在其中所发挥的作用。研究发现:组织遗忘有助于克服知识刚性,其对知识刚性的两个维度(学习刚性和经验刚性)都具有负向效应;环境动态性越高、创业导向越强,组织遗忘对知识刚性的克服效应越好。该研究探究了组织遗忘对知识刚性的克服机制,丰富和拓展了知识刚性克服的相关研究,对企业管理决策具有一定的指导意义。
In the process of enterprise development,knowledge rigidity is always confronted with,but there is little concern about how to overcome knowledge rigidity.In this paper,187 high-tech enterprises in the eastern coastal areas of China are used as research samples to study the problem of knowledge rigidity from the perspective of organizational forgetting,and also analyzes the role played by entrepreneurial orientation and environmental dynamism in organizational forgetting and knowledge rigidity.The findings are as follows:(1) organizational forgetting helps to overcome knowledge rigidity,which has negative effects on the two dimensions of knowledge rigidity(learning rigidity and empirical rigidity);(2) the higher the dynamic environment and the stronger the entrepreneurial orientation,the better the overcoming effect of organizational forgetting on knowledge rigidity.The result explores the mechanism of organizational forgetting to overcome the rigidity of knowledge,enriches and expands the related research on the rigidity of knowledge,and has significance for enterprise management decision-making.
In the process of enterprise development,knowledge rigidity is always confronted with,but there is little concern about how to overcome knowledge rigidity.In this paper,187 high-tech enterprises in the eastern coastal areas of China are used as research samples to study the problem of knowledge rigidity from the perspective of organizational forgetting,and also analyzes the role played by entrepreneurial orientation and environmental dynamism in organizational forgetting and knowledge rigidity.The findings are as follows:(1) organizational forgetting helps to overcome knowledge rigidity,which has negative effects on the two dimensions of knowledge rigidity(learning rigidity and empirical rigidity);(2) the higher the dynamic environment and the stronger the entrepreneurial orientation,the better the overcoming effect of organizational forgetting on knowledge rigidity.The result explores the mechanism of organizational forgetting to overcome the rigidity of knowledge,enriches and expands the related research on the rigidity of knowledge,and has significance for enterprise management decision-making.
引文
[1]LIAO S H.Problem solving and knowledge inertia[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2002,22(1):21-31.
[2]LIAO S H,FEI W C,LIU C T.Relationships between knowledge inertia,organizational learning and organization innovation[J].Technovation,2008,28(4):183-195.
[3]FANG C H,CHANG S T,CHEN G L.Organizational learning capacity and organizational innovation:the moderating role of knowledge inertia[J].African Journal of Business Management,2011,5(5):1864-1870.
[4]ZHOU Z CHEN Z G.Formation mechanism of knowledge rigidity in firms[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2011,15(5):820-835.
[5]AKZM C.Knowledge inertia and organizational learning as the explanation of organizational performance[J].Educational Research and Reviews,2014,9(21):1143-1155.
[6]KAFCHEHI P,ZAMANI A,EBRAHIMABADI F.A model of influential factors on knowledge inertia[J].Asian Journal of Business Management,2012,4(4):386-391.
[7]WANG P,YANG X W.A review of knowledge inertia:how can we explain the hindrance on individual innovation[C]∥.Proceedings of the International Academic Workshop on Social Science Paris:Atlantic Press,2013:312-316.
[8]AKGN A E,LYNN G S,BYRNE J C.Antecedents and consequences of unlearning in new product development teams[J].The Journal of Product Innovation Management,2006,23(1):73-88.
[9]CEGARRA-NAVARRO J G,SNCHEZ-VIDAL M E,CEGARRA-LEIVA D.Linking unlearning with work-life balance:an initial empirical investigation into SMEs[J].Journal of Small Business Management,2016,54(1):373-391.
[10]HUANG D,CHEN S,ZHANG G,et al.Organizational forgetting,absorptive capacity,and innovation performance:a moderated mediation analysis[J].Management Decision,2018,56(1):87-104.
[11]COVIN J G,SLEVIN D P.A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1991,16(1):7-26.
[12]白景坤,杨智,董晓慧.双元性创新能否兼得?---公司创业导向的作用与知识刚性的调节效应[J].经济管理,2015(11):42-52.
[13]AKGN A E,BYRNE J C,LYNN G S,et al.Organizational unlearning as changes in beliefs and routines in organizations[J].Journal of Organizational Change Management,2007,20(6):794-812.
[14]TSANG E W K,ZAHRA S A.Organizational unlearning[J].Human Relations,2008,61(10):1435-1462.
[15]YANG K P,CHOU C,CHIU Y J.How unlearning affects radical innovation:the dynamics of social capital and slack resources[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2014,87(C):152-163.
[16]NONAKA I,TAKEUCHI H.The knowledge-creating company:how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995.
[17]张小娣,赵玉平,郑战星,等.新常态下组织忘记与企业战略转型---组织学习的中介作用[J].软科学,2017(12):47-50,55.
[18]EASTERBY-SMITH M,LYLES M A.In praise of organizational forgetting[J].Journal of Management Inquiry,2011,20(3):311-316.
[19]卢艳秋,赵英鑫,崔月慧,等.组织忘记与创新绩效:战略柔性的中介作用[J].科研管理,2014(3):58-65.
[20]BROWN S L,EISENHARDT K M.The art of continuous change:linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(1):1-34.
[21]MOORMAN C,MINER A S.The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1997,34(1):91-106.
[22]LOVE P E D,SMITH J,TEO P.Putting into practice error management theory:unlearning and learning to manage action errors in construction[J].Applied Ergonomics,2018,69:104-111.
[23]孙红霞.知识基础资源与竞争优势:创业导向与学习导向的联合调节效应[J].南方经济,2016(9):32-46.
[24]MILLER D.The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy[J].Strategic Management Journal,1987,8(1):55-76.
[25]陈国权,王晓辉.组织学习与组织绩效:环境动态性的调节作用[J].研究与发展管理,2012(1):52-59.
(1)这里需要与知识惯性的概念相区别。知识刚性≠知识惯性,知识刚性强调企业过于依靠过去成功的知识,不注重新知识的探索,进而造成知识的僵化,使得现有知识不仅不能适应企业的发展,还会对企业产生消极效应。而知识惯性则可提高企业的效率,其知识能促进企业的发展,对企业来说是有益的;但是,一旦组织的内外环境发生某种变化,促进企业发展的知识惯性就可能会转变成阻碍企业发展的知识刚性[4]。
(1)组织遗忘是组织主动去遗忘不适应企业发展的、陈旧僵化的惯例、知识等,所以它并不是对全部知识的遗忘,而是一种主动的、选择性的遗忘,是对现有知识的扬弃。
[2]LIAO S H,FEI W C,LIU C T.Relationships between knowledge inertia,organizational learning and organization innovation[J].Technovation,2008,28(4):183-195.
[3]FANG C H,CHANG S T,CHEN G L.Organizational learning capacity and organizational innovation:the moderating role of knowledge inertia[J].African Journal of Business Management,2011,5(5):1864-1870.
[4]ZHOU Z CHEN Z G.Formation mechanism of knowledge rigidity in firms[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2011,15(5):820-835.
[5]AKZM C.Knowledge inertia and organizational learning as the explanation of organizational performance[J].Educational Research and Reviews,2014,9(21):1143-1155.
[6]KAFCHEHI P,ZAMANI A,EBRAHIMABADI F.A model of influential factors on knowledge inertia[J].Asian Journal of Business Management,2012,4(4):386-391.
[7]WANG P,YANG X W.A review of knowledge inertia:how can we explain the hindrance on individual innovation[C]∥.Proceedings of the International Academic Workshop on Social Science Paris:Atlantic Press,2013:312-316.
[8]AKGN A E,LYNN G S,BYRNE J C.Antecedents and consequences of unlearning in new product development teams[J].The Journal of Product Innovation Management,2006,23(1):73-88.
[9]CEGARRA-NAVARRO J G,SNCHEZ-VIDAL M E,CEGARRA-LEIVA D.Linking unlearning with work-life balance:an initial empirical investigation into SMEs[J].Journal of Small Business Management,2016,54(1):373-391.
[10]HUANG D,CHEN S,ZHANG G,et al.Organizational forgetting,absorptive capacity,and innovation performance:a moderated mediation analysis[J].Management Decision,2018,56(1):87-104.
[11]COVIN J G,SLEVIN D P.A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1991,16(1):7-26.
[12]白景坤,杨智,董晓慧.双元性创新能否兼得?---公司创业导向的作用与知识刚性的调节效应[J].经济管理,2015(11):42-52.
[13]AKGN A E,BYRNE J C,LYNN G S,et al.Organizational unlearning as changes in beliefs and routines in organizations[J].Journal of Organizational Change Management,2007,20(6):794-812.
[14]TSANG E W K,ZAHRA S A.Organizational unlearning[J].Human Relations,2008,61(10):1435-1462.
[15]YANG K P,CHOU C,CHIU Y J.How unlearning affects radical innovation:the dynamics of social capital and slack resources[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2014,87(C):152-163.
[16]NONAKA I,TAKEUCHI H.The knowledge-creating company:how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995.
[17]张小娣,赵玉平,郑战星,等.新常态下组织忘记与企业战略转型---组织学习的中介作用[J].软科学,2017(12):47-50,55.
[18]EASTERBY-SMITH M,LYLES M A.In praise of organizational forgetting[J].Journal of Management Inquiry,2011,20(3):311-316.
[19]卢艳秋,赵英鑫,崔月慧,等.组织忘记与创新绩效:战略柔性的中介作用[J].科研管理,2014(3):58-65.
[20]BROWN S L,EISENHARDT K M.The art of continuous change:linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(1):1-34.
[21]MOORMAN C,MINER A S.The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1997,34(1):91-106.
[22]LOVE P E D,SMITH J,TEO P.Putting into practice error management theory:unlearning and learning to manage action errors in construction[J].Applied Ergonomics,2018,69:104-111.
[23]孙红霞.知识基础资源与竞争优势:创业导向与学习导向的联合调节效应[J].南方经济,2016(9):32-46.
[24]MILLER D.The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy[J].Strategic Management Journal,1987,8(1):55-76.
[25]陈国权,王晓辉.组织学习与组织绩效:环境动态性的调节作用[J].研究与发展管理,2012(1):52-59.
(1)这里需要与知识惯性的概念相区别。知识刚性≠知识惯性,知识刚性强调企业过于依靠过去成功的知识,不注重新知识的探索,进而造成知识的僵化,使得现有知识不仅不能适应企业的发展,还会对企业产生消极效应。而知识惯性则可提高企业的效率,其知识能促进企业的发展,对企业来说是有益的;但是,一旦组织的内外环境发生某种变化,促进企业发展的知识惯性就可能会转变成阻碍企业发展的知识刚性[4]。
(1)组织遗忘是组织主动去遗忘不适应企业发展的、陈旧僵化的惯例、知识等,所以它并不是对全部知识的遗忘,而是一种主动的、选择性的遗忘,是对现有知识的扬弃。