细分小层岩相古地理编图的沉积学研究及油气勘探意义——以鄂尔多斯地区中东部奥陶系马家沟组马五段为例
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系发育巨厚的蒸发岩-碳酸盐岩旋回性沉积,地层厚度达500~900m。对其上部厚约200~350m的马家沟组第五段岩性、沉积相的进一步分析表明,其内部仍发育次一级的沉积旋回。而通过细分小层的沉积学研究和岩相古地理编图,对马五段的岩性相变规律及沉积演化特征的认识则更为明晰,对该区奥陶系的沉积学研究与天然气勘探部署也发挥了重要作用,主要体现在以下几方面:一是对于有利沉积相带(尤其是相控储层)的预测更为精准,细分小层的岩相古地理编图对主力目的层的研究分析更具针对性;二是对白云岩化机理的认识进一步深入,基本明确了短期海侵层序中的白云岩化受继承性古地理格局与层序演化的共同控制;三是推动古隆起东侧奥陶系中组合(马五5-马五10)岩性圈闭大区带成藏认识的形成,勘探发现了千亿方规模储量接替区;四是催生奥陶系盐下"侧向供烃成藏"模式的建立,指导近期盆地中部奥陶系盐下勘探取得重大突破。因此可以初步认为,细分小层的岩相古地理编图可能代表了古地理学发展的一个重要方向,无论是对相带展布、层序演化及白云岩化等沉积学方面的研究,还是对油气勘探工作中的有利储集体预测及圈闭成藏规律的认识,都具有一定的实际意义。
The central-eastern Ordos Basin develops evaporate and carbonate cyclic strata with a thickness of 500~900m.The study on lithology and sedimentary facies of the fifth member(Ma5)of Lower Ordovician Majiagou Formation,which has a thickness of200~350m,shows that it has secondary depositional cycle.The discussion on sedimentology and lithofacies paleogeography of its subdivision intervals not only makes the understanding of the variation in lithologic facies and the sedimentary evolution much clear,but also plays an important role in the Ma5 gas exploration.The key results are got as follows:(1)the prediction for favorable sedimentary facies zone(especially of the sedimentary facies for gas reservoir)is much precise and the lithofacies paleogeography mapping for submembers of the main play is more purpose-direction;(2)the mechanism for dolomitization is further explored,and dolomitization in the short-period transgressive sequence is influenced by the inherited paleogeography pattern and sedimentary sequence evolution;(3)the establishment of a large-scale lithologic play model for the Ordovocian middle assemblage(consisting of the Ma5_5 to Ma5_10 submembers)in the eastern slope of the central paleo-uplift and the discovery of the gas province with a reserve of trillions cubic meters;and(4)the proving of the lateral hydrocarbon charging model for Ordovician sub-salt reservoirs and its important breakthrough in the recently exploration.The lithofacies paleogeography mapping for sub-members thus holds an important advance in paleogeography and it plays an important role not only in the study on facies zone distribution,sequence evolution and its dolomitization,but also in the prediction of favorable reservoirs and understanding of trap and pool-formation.
The central-eastern Ordos Basin develops evaporate and carbonate cyclic strata with a thickness of 500~900m.The study on lithology and sedimentary facies of the fifth member(Ma5)of Lower Ordovician Majiagou Formation,which has a thickness of200~350m,shows that it has secondary depositional cycle.The discussion on sedimentology and lithofacies paleogeography of its subdivision intervals not only makes the understanding of the variation in lithologic facies and the sedimentary evolution much clear,but also plays an important role in the Ma5 gas exploration.The key results are got as follows:(1)the prediction for favorable sedimentary facies zone(especially of the sedimentary facies for gas reservoir)is much precise and the lithofacies paleogeography mapping for submembers of the main play is more purpose-direction;(2)the mechanism for dolomitization is further explored,and dolomitization in the short-period transgressive sequence is influenced by the inherited paleogeography pattern and sedimentary sequence evolution;(3)the establishment of a large-scale lithologic play model for the Ordovocian middle assemblage(consisting of the Ma5_5 to Ma5_10 submembers)in the eastern slope of the central paleo-uplift and the discovery of the gas province with a reserve of trillions cubic meters;and(4)the proving of the lateral hydrocarbon charging model for Ordovician sub-salt reservoirs and its important breakthrough in the recently exploration.The lithofacies paleogeography mapping for sub-members thus holds an important advance in paleogeography and it plays an important role not only in the study on facies zone distribution,sequence evolution and its dolomitization,but also in the prediction of favorable reservoirs and understanding of trap and pool-formation.
引文
Bao HP,Yang CY and Huang JS.2004.“Evaporation drying”and“reinfluxing and redissolving”:A new hypothesis concerning formation of the Ordovician evaporites in eastern Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,6(3):279-288(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cheek KA.2013.Exploring the relationship between students’understanding of conventional time and deep(geologic)time.International Journal of Science Education,35(11):1925-1945
Chen ZY,Ma ZF and Zhang JQ.1998.Genesis of the dolomite in Ma 5subinterval,Ordovician in central Ordos basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,25(6):20-22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng ZZ.1988.Study on Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Qinglong Group of Lower-Middle Triassic in the Lower Yangtze Region.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1-197(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Wang YH,Zhang JS,Zuo WQ,Zhang XL,Hong GL,Chen JX,Wu SH,Chen YT,Chi YL and Yang CY.1990.Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Early Paleozoic of North China Platform.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-270(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Chen JX and Zhang JS.1991.Lithofacies Paleogeography of Early Paleozoic of Ordos.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-190(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Jin ZK,Yang YQ,Bao ZD and Xin WJ.1994.Lithofacies Paleogeography of Permian of Yunnan-Guizhou-Guanxi Region.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-146(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Yang YQ and Jin ZK.1997.Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Permian of South China.Dongying:Petroleum University Press,1-242(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ and Zhang JS.1998.Stratigraphy,Petrology,Lithofacies Paleogeography of Ordovician in Ordos.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-144(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Peng YM,Jin ZK,Jiang PL,Bao ZD,Luo Z,Ju TY,Tian HQ and Wang H.2001.Lithofacies Paleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in South China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-221(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Peng YM,Jin ZK and Bao ZD.2004.Lithofacies Paleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in China.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1-233(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Bao HP,Jia JH,Wang YG and Deng XQ.2013.Lithofacies palaeogeography as a guide to petroleum exploration.Journal of Palaeogeography,2(2):109-126
Fouache E,Desruelles S,Magny M,Bordon A,Oberweiler C,Coussot C,Touchais G,Lera P,Lézine AM,Fadin L and Roger R.2010.Palaeogeographical reconstructions of Lake Maliq(Kor9a Basin,Albania)between 14,000BP and 2000BP.Journal of Archaeological Science,37(3):525-535
Frank TD,Shultis AI and Fielding CR.2015.Acme and demise of the Late Palaeozoic ice age:A view from the southeastern margin of Gondwana.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,418:176-192
Hsu KJ.1972.Origin of saline giants:A critical review after the discovery of the Mediterranean Evaporite.Earth-Science Reviews,8(4):371-386
KovácˇM,Pla2ienka D,Soták J,Vojtko R,Oszczypko N,Less G,C'osovic'V,Fügenschuh B and KrálikováS.2016.Paleogene palaeogeography and basin evolution of the Western Carpathians,Northern Pannonian domain and adjoining areas.Global and Planetary Change,140:9-27
Liu HY.1959.Atlas of Palaeogeography of China.2ndEdition.Beijing:Science Press,1-50(in Chinese)
Ma YS,Chen HD and Wang GL.2009.The South Chinese Tectonic Sequence Lithofacies Paleogeography Atlas(Sinian-Neogene).Beijing:Science Press,1-301(in Chinese)
Mc Gowran B.2013.Organic evolution in deep time:Charles Darwin and the fossil record.Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia,137(2):102-148
Schmalz RF.1969.Deep-water evaporite deposition:A genetic model.AAPG Bulletin,53(4):798-823
Soreghan GS,Maples CG and Parrish JT.2003.Report of the NSFsponsored workshop on paleoclimate.In:Paleoclimate Workshop.Arlington,VA:National Science Foundation
Sun S and Wang CS.2009.Deep time and sedimentology.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(5):792-810(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tucker ME.1991.Sequence stratigraphy of carbonate-evaporite basins:Models and application to the Upper Permian(Zechstein)of Northeast England and adjoining North Sea.Journal of the Geological Society,148(6):1019-1036
Vérard C and Hochard C.2011.Geodynamic evolution of the Earth over600Ma:Palaeo-topography&-bathymetry(from 2D to 3D).In:American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.San Francisco,California:AGU
Vérard C,Flores K and Stampfli G.2012.Geodynamic reconstructions of the South America-Antarctica plate system.Journal of Geodynamics,53:43-60
Vérard C,Hochard C,Baumgartner PO and Stampfli GM.2015.3Dpalaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations.Journal of Palaeogeography,4(1):64-84
von Raumer JF,Bussy F,Schaltegger U,Schulz B and Stampfli G.2013.Pre-Mesozoic Alpine basements:Their place in the European Paleozoic framework.Geological Society of America Bulletin,125(1-2):89-108
Wang HZ.1985.Atlas of the Palaeogeography of China.Beijing:Cartographic Publishing House,1-143(in Chinese)
Yang H and Bao HP.2011.Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Middle Ordovician assemblages and their significance for gas exploration in the Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Industry,31(12):11-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang H,Bao HP and Ma ZR.2014.Reservoir-forming by lateral supply of hydrocarbon:A new understanding of the formation of Ordovician gas reservoirs under gypsolyte in the Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Industry,34(4):19-26(in Chinese with English abstract)
包洪平,杨承运,黄建松.2004.“干化蒸发”与“回灌重溶”---对鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系蒸发岩成因的新认识.古地理学报,6(3):279-288
陈志远,马振芳,张锦泉.1998.鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系马五5亚段白云岩成因.石油勘探与开发,25(6):20-22
冯增昭.1988.下扬子地区中下三叠统青龙群岩相古地理研究.昆明:云南科技出版社,1-197
冯增昭,王英华,张吉森,左文岐,张秀莲,洪国良,陈继新,吴胜和,陈玉田,迟元苓,杨承运.1990.华北地台早古生代岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-270
冯增昭,陈继新,张吉森.1991.鄂尔多斯地区早古生代岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-190
冯增昭,金振奎,杨玉卿,鲍志东,辛文杰.1994.滇黔桂地区二叠纪岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-146
冯增昭,杨玉卿,金振奎.1997.中国南方二叠纪岩相古地理.东营:石油大学出版社,1-242
冯增昭,张吉森.1998.鄂尔多斯奥陶纪地层岩石岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-144
冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,蒋盘良,鲍志东,罗璋,鞠天吟,田海芹,汪红.2001.中国南方寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-221
冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,鲍志东.2004.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:石油工业出版社,1-233
刘鸿允.1959.中国古地理图.第2版.北京:科学出版社,1-50
马永生,陈洪德,王国力.2009.中国南方构造-层序岩相古地理图集(震旦纪-新近纪).北京:科学出版社,1-301
孙枢,王成善.2009.“深时”(Deep Time)研究与沉积学.沉积学报,27(5):792-810
王鸿祯.1985.中国古地理图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1-143
杨华,包洪平.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系中组合成藏特征及勘探启示.天然气工业,31(12):11-20
杨华,包洪平,马占荣.2014.侧向供烃成藏---鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系膏盐下天然气成藏新认识.天然气工业,34(4):19-26
Cheek KA.2013.Exploring the relationship between students’understanding of conventional time and deep(geologic)time.International Journal of Science Education,35(11):1925-1945
Chen ZY,Ma ZF and Zhang JQ.1998.Genesis of the dolomite in Ma 5subinterval,Ordovician in central Ordos basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,25(6):20-22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng ZZ.1988.Study on Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Qinglong Group of Lower-Middle Triassic in the Lower Yangtze Region.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1-197(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Wang YH,Zhang JS,Zuo WQ,Zhang XL,Hong GL,Chen JX,Wu SH,Chen YT,Chi YL and Yang CY.1990.Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Early Paleozoic of North China Platform.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-270(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Chen JX and Zhang JS.1991.Lithofacies Paleogeography of Early Paleozoic of Ordos.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-190(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Jin ZK,Yang YQ,Bao ZD and Xin WJ.1994.Lithofacies Paleogeography of Permian of Yunnan-Guizhou-Guanxi Region.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-146(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Yang YQ and Jin ZK.1997.Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Permian of South China.Dongying:Petroleum University Press,1-242(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ and Zhang JS.1998.Stratigraphy,Petrology,Lithofacies Paleogeography of Ordovician in Ordos.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-144(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Peng YM,Jin ZK,Jiang PL,Bao ZD,Luo Z,Ju TY,Tian HQ and Wang H.2001.Lithofacies Paleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in South China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-221(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Peng YM,Jin ZK and Bao ZD.2004.Lithofacies Paleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in China.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1-233(in Chinese)
Feng ZZ,Bao HP,Jia JH,Wang YG and Deng XQ.2013.Lithofacies palaeogeography as a guide to petroleum exploration.Journal of Palaeogeography,2(2):109-126
Fouache E,Desruelles S,Magny M,Bordon A,Oberweiler C,Coussot C,Touchais G,Lera P,Lézine AM,Fadin L and Roger R.2010.Palaeogeographical reconstructions of Lake Maliq(Kor9a Basin,Albania)between 14,000BP and 2000BP.Journal of Archaeological Science,37(3):525-535
Frank TD,Shultis AI and Fielding CR.2015.Acme and demise of the Late Palaeozoic ice age:A view from the southeastern margin of Gondwana.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,418:176-192
Hsu KJ.1972.Origin of saline giants:A critical review after the discovery of the Mediterranean Evaporite.Earth-Science Reviews,8(4):371-386
KovácˇM,Pla2ienka D,Soták J,Vojtko R,Oszczypko N,Less G,C'osovic'V,Fügenschuh B and KrálikováS.2016.Paleogene palaeogeography and basin evolution of the Western Carpathians,Northern Pannonian domain and adjoining areas.Global and Planetary Change,140:9-27
Liu HY.1959.Atlas of Palaeogeography of China.2ndEdition.Beijing:Science Press,1-50(in Chinese)
Ma YS,Chen HD and Wang GL.2009.The South Chinese Tectonic Sequence Lithofacies Paleogeography Atlas(Sinian-Neogene).Beijing:Science Press,1-301(in Chinese)
Mc Gowran B.2013.Organic evolution in deep time:Charles Darwin and the fossil record.Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia,137(2):102-148
Schmalz RF.1969.Deep-water evaporite deposition:A genetic model.AAPG Bulletin,53(4):798-823
Soreghan GS,Maples CG and Parrish JT.2003.Report of the NSFsponsored workshop on paleoclimate.In:Paleoclimate Workshop.Arlington,VA:National Science Foundation
Sun S and Wang CS.2009.Deep time and sedimentology.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(5):792-810(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tucker ME.1991.Sequence stratigraphy of carbonate-evaporite basins:Models and application to the Upper Permian(Zechstein)of Northeast England and adjoining North Sea.Journal of the Geological Society,148(6):1019-1036
Vérard C and Hochard C.2011.Geodynamic evolution of the Earth over600Ma:Palaeo-topography&-bathymetry(from 2D to 3D).In:American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.San Francisco,California:AGU
Vérard C,Flores K and Stampfli G.2012.Geodynamic reconstructions of the South America-Antarctica plate system.Journal of Geodynamics,53:43-60
Vérard C,Hochard C,Baumgartner PO and Stampfli GM.2015.3Dpalaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations.Journal of Palaeogeography,4(1):64-84
von Raumer JF,Bussy F,Schaltegger U,Schulz B and Stampfli G.2013.Pre-Mesozoic Alpine basements:Their place in the European Paleozoic framework.Geological Society of America Bulletin,125(1-2):89-108
Wang HZ.1985.Atlas of the Palaeogeography of China.Beijing:Cartographic Publishing House,1-143(in Chinese)
Yang H and Bao HP.2011.Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Middle Ordovician assemblages and their significance for gas exploration in the Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Industry,31(12):11-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang H,Bao HP and Ma ZR.2014.Reservoir-forming by lateral supply of hydrocarbon:A new understanding of the formation of Ordovician gas reservoirs under gypsolyte in the Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Industry,34(4):19-26(in Chinese with English abstract)
包洪平,杨承运,黄建松.2004.“干化蒸发”与“回灌重溶”---对鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系蒸发岩成因的新认识.古地理学报,6(3):279-288
陈志远,马振芳,张锦泉.1998.鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系马五5亚段白云岩成因.石油勘探与开发,25(6):20-22
冯增昭.1988.下扬子地区中下三叠统青龙群岩相古地理研究.昆明:云南科技出版社,1-197
冯增昭,王英华,张吉森,左文岐,张秀莲,洪国良,陈继新,吴胜和,陈玉田,迟元苓,杨承运.1990.华北地台早古生代岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-270
冯增昭,陈继新,张吉森.1991.鄂尔多斯地区早古生代岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-190
冯增昭,金振奎,杨玉卿,鲍志东,辛文杰.1994.滇黔桂地区二叠纪岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-146
冯增昭,杨玉卿,金振奎.1997.中国南方二叠纪岩相古地理.东营:石油大学出版社,1-242
冯增昭,张吉森.1998.鄂尔多斯奥陶纪地层岩石岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-144
冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,蒋盘良,鲍志东,罗璋,鞠天吟,田海芹,汪红.2001.中国南方寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,1-221
冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,鲍志东.2004.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:石油工业出版社,1-233
刘鸿允.1959.中国古地理图.第2版.北京:科学出版社,1-50
马永生,陈洪德,王国力.2009.中国南方构造-层序岩相古地理图集(震旦纪-新近纪).北京:科学出版社,1-301
孙枢,王成善.2009.“深时”(Deep Time)研究与沉积学.沉积学报,27(5):792-810
王鸿祯.1985.中国古地理图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1-143
杨华,包洪平.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系中组合成藏特征及勘探启示.天然气工业,31(12):11-20
杨华,包洪平,马占荣.2014.侧向供烃成藏---鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系膏盐下天然气成藏新认识.天然气工业,34(4):19-26