艾烟对室内空气质量的影响及控制策略探讨
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摘要
艾灸产生的烟雾对室内空气造成污染,严重影响了室内空气质量,但目前我国尚无控制艾灸场所室内空气质量的相关标准。本文对近年来关于艾烟影响室内空气质量的研究进行文献综述,并从相关标准制定、通风排风、控制灸材质量、加强艾烟安全性研究等方面探讨控制艾灸场所室内空气质量的可能策略,为建立艾灸场所室内空气质量标准和安全、规范开展艾灸活动提供依据。
Moxibustion is an effective therapy for treatment of a lot of clinical problems,but the ignited moxa-induced smoke containing harmful substances may bring about indoor air pollution to affect both patients' and medical workers' health.However,there is no standards about controlling indoor air quality(IAQ)for moxibustion rooms in China.In the present study,the authors reviewed newly-published articles about some substances released from moxa smoke as inhalable particles(PM 10 and PM 2.5),formaldehyde,benzene,methylbenzene,xylene,bene[α]pyrene,total volatile organic compounds,CO,CO2,NO,SO2,NH3,O3,etc.some of which affect IAQ.On this account,the authors put forward some strategies for controlling IAQ in moxibustion clinics including setting united safe standards,enhancing ventilation,controlling moxibustion material quality and strengthening scientific research on the safety of moxa smoke control,fully playing the superiority of moxibustion therapy and reducing its unfavorable aspects in clinical practice in the future.
Moxibustion is an effective therapy for treatment of a lot of clinical problems,but the ignited moxa-induced smoke containing harmful substances may bring about indoor air pollution to affect both patients' and medical workers' health.However,there is no standards about controlling indoor air quality(IAQ)for moxibustion rooms in China.In the present study,the authors reviewed newly-published articles about some substances released from moxa smoke as inhalable particles(PM 10 and PM 2.5),formaldehyde,benzene,methylbenzene,xylene,bene[α]pyrene,total volatile organic compounds,CO,CO2,NO,SO2,NH3,O3,etc.some of which affect IAQ.On this account,the authors put forward some strategies for controlling IAQ in moxibustion clinics including setting united safe standards,enhancing ventilation,controlling moxibustion material quality and strengthening scientific research on the safety of moxa smoke control,fully playing the superiority of moxibustion therapy and reducing its unfavorable aspects in clinical practice in the future.
引文
[1]李炎强,胡军,张晓兵,等.艾叶及其烟气粒相物挥发性成分的分析[J].烟草科技,2005,219(10):15-21.
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[5]蒋励,张建华,杜娟,等.贵阳市十五家医院候诊室卫生状况调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2017,44(1):24-27.
[6]陈杨.医院室内空气质量实时监测系统[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.
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[11]LU C Y,KANG S Y,LIU S H,et al.Controlling indoor air pollution from moxibustion[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(6):612.
[12]HUANG J,LIM M Y,ZHAO B X,et al.PM 2.5and ash residue from combustion of moxa floss[J].Acupunct Med,2016,34(2):101-106.
[13]黄剑.艾灸诊室PM2.5物理化学特征与毒理研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2016.
[14]HUANG J,LIM M Y,ZHAO B X,et al.PM 10mass concentration and oxidative capacity of moxa smoke[J].QJM,2015,108(9):705-710.
[15]黄茶熙,赵百孝,刘平,等.京津地区艾灸场所夏季可吸入颗粒物(PM 10)的质量浓度及微观形貌分析[J].中华中医药杂志,2012,27(12):3104-3108.
[16]段文秀,吴子建,胡玲,等.模拟艾灸诊室的空气质量安全性检测[J].中国针灸,2016,36(6):637-640.
[17]杨嫒茹,张宏升.针灸诊室细小颗粒物的控制策略研究[J].洁净与空调技术,2013,10(4):43-45.
[18]黄玉海.艾灸场所空气质量标准制订的要素研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2014.
[19]吴新颖.装修后不同时期居民住宅室内空气污染状况调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,2016,42(1):50-52.
[20]MO F,CHI C,GUO M,et al.Characteristics of selected indoor air pollutants from moxibustion[J].J Hazard Mater,2014,270:53-60.
[21]HSU Y C,CHAO H R,SHIH S I.Human exposure to airborne aldehydes in Chinese medicine clinics during moxibustion therapy and its impact on risks to health[J].J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng,2015,50(3):260-271.
[22]WHEELER J,COPPOCK B,CHEN C.Does the burning of moxa(Artemisia vulgaris)in traditional Chinese medicine constitute a health hazard[J].Acupunct Med,2009,27(1):16-20.
[23]KWON O S,CHO S J,CHOI K H,et al.Safety recommendations for moxa use based on the concentration of noxious substances produced during commercial indirect moxibustion[J].Acupunct Med,2017,35(2):93-99.
[24]MATSUMOTO T,KATAI S,NAMIKI T.Safety of smoke generated by Japanese moxa upon combustion[J].Eur J Integr Med,2016,8(4):414-422.
[25]HUANG J,HUANG Y H,LIM M Y,et al.Emission characteristics and concentrations of gaseous pollutants in environmental moxa smoke[J].Aerosol Air Qual Res,2016,16(2):398-404.
[26]胡红波.建筑室内空气质量标准研究及国家标准GB 50325—2001修正建议[J].住宅产业,2008,5(Z 1):77-79.
[27]李景广.我国室内空气质量标准体系建设的思考[J].建筑科学,2010,26(4):1-7.
[28]吴焕淦,马晓芃,周次利,等.灸法研究现状与战略思考[J].世界中医药,2013,8(8):845-851.
[29]许焕芳.艾燃烧生成物抗衰老效应机制及嗅觉通路作用途径研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2012.
[30]余常,王祥,杨惠,等.艾烟暴露时间对针灸师机体反应情况的小样本调查研究[J].成都中医药大学学报,2015,38(4):6-9.
[2]梅全喜,徐景远.艾烟的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].时珍国医国药,2003,14(8):513-514.
[3]CHAU C K,HUI W K,TSE M S.Valuing the health benefits of improving indoor air quality in residences[J].Sci Total Environ,2008(394):25-38.
[4]HELMIS C G,TZOUTZAS J,FLOCAS H A,et al.Indoor air quality in a dentistry clinic[J].Sci Total Environ,2007(377):349-365.
[5]蒋励,张建华,杜娟,等.贵阳市十五家医院候诊室卫生状况调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2017,44(1):24-27.
[6]陈杨.医院室内空气质量实时监测系统[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.
[7]DORIZAS P V,ASSIMAKOPOULOS M N,HELMIS C,et al.An integrated evaluation study of the ventilation rate,the exposure and the indoor air quality in naturally ventilated classrooms in the Mediterranean region during spring[J].Sci Total Environ,2015(502):557-570.
[8]ASSIMAKOPOULOS M N,DOUNIS A,SPANOU A,et al.Indoor air quality in a metropolitan area metro using fuzzy logic assessment[J].Sci Total Environ,2013(449):461-469.
[9]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家环保总局,卫生部.中华人民共和国国家标准室内空气质量标准(GB/T 18883—2002)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[10]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,环境保护部.中华人民共和国国家标准环境空气质量标准(GB 3095—2012)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[11]LU C Y,KANG S Y,LIU S H,et al.Controlling indoor air pollution from moxibustion[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(6):612.
[12]HUANG J,LIM M Y,ZHAO B X,et al.PM 2.5and ash residue from combustion of moxa floss[J].Acupunct Med,2016,34(2):101-106.
[13]黄剑.艾灸诊室PM2.5物理化学特征与毒理研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2016.
[14]HUANG J,LIM M Y,ZHAO B X,et al.PM 10mass concentration and oxidative capacity of moxa smoke[J].QJM,2015,108(9):705-710.
[15]黄茶熙,赵百孝,刘平,等.京津地区艾灸场所夏季可吸入颗粒物(PM 10)的质量浓度及微观形貌分析[J].中华中医药杂志,2012,27(12):3104-3108.
[16]段文秀,吴子建,胡玲,等.模拟艾灸诊室的空气质量安全性检测[J].中国针灸,2016,36(6):637-640.
[17]杨嫒茹,张宏升.针灸诊室细小颗粒物的控制策略研究[J].洁净与空调技术,2013,10(4):43-45.
[18]黄玉海.艾灸场所空气质量标准制订的要素研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2014.
[19]吴新颖.装修后不同时期居民住宅室内空气污染状况调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,2016,42(1):50-52.
[20]MO F,CHI C,GUO M,et al.Characteristics of selected indoor air pollutants from moxibustion[J].J Hazard Mater,2014,270:53-60.
[21]HSU Y C,CHAO H R,SHIH S I.Human exposure to airborne aldehydes in Chinese medicine clinics during moxibustion therapy and its impact on risks to health[J].J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng,2015,50(3):260-271.
[22]WHEELER J,COPPOCK B,CHEN C.Does the burning of moxa(Artemisia vulgaris)in traditional Chinese medicine constitute a health hazard[J].Acupunct Med,2009,27(1):16-20.
[23]KWON O S,CHO S J,CHOI K H,et al.Safety recommendations for moxa use based on the concentration of noxious substances produced during commercial indirect moxibustion[J].Acupunct Med,2017,35(2):93-99.
[24]MATSUMOTO T,KATAI S,NAMIKI T.Safety of smoke generated by Japanese moxa upon combustion[J].Eur J Integr Med,2016,8(4):414-422.
[25]HUANG J,HUANG Y H,LIM M Y,et al.Emission characteristics and concentrations of gaseous pollutants in environmental moxa smoke[J].Aerosol Air Qual Res,2016,16(2):398-404.
[26]胡红波.建筑室内空气质量标准研究及国家标准GB 50325—2001修正建议[J].住宅产业,2008,5(Z 1):77-79.
[27]李景广.我国室内空气质量标准体系建设的思考[J].建筑科学,2010,26(4):1-7.
[28]吴焕淦,马晓芃,周次利,等.灸法研究现状与战略思考[J].世界中医药,2013,8(8):845-851.
[29]许焕芳.艾燃烧生成物抗衰老效应机制及嗅觉通路作用途径研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2012.
[30]余常,王祥,杨惠,等.艾烟暴露时间对针灸师机体反应情况的小样本调查研究[J].成都中医药大学学报,2015,38(4):6-9.