湖相细粒混合沉积岩岩石类型划分:以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例
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摘要
通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、物性测试等技术手段,以吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密细粒沉积岩为研究对象,开展了岩相类型及特征的精细分析。研究结果表明:(1)致密细粒沉积岩矿物成分复杂、岩石组分多样,包括陆源碎屑组分、火山碎屑组分和碳酸盐组分,是一种过渡类型的混合沉积岩;(2)综合物质组分、沉积构造、有机质特征等因素,划分细粒混合沉积岩岩相类型,主要包括单一组分岩相和多组分混杂岩相两种类型,每一类岩相具有多种沉积构造,包括块状、条带-团块状和纹层状等类型;(3)研究区主要发育块状泥晶云岩相、块状粉砂质砂屑云岩相、块状凝灰质粉砂岩相、条带状含凝灰云岩相、纹层状粉砂质/泥质沉凝灰岩相和纹层状云质泥岩相等,不同岩相类型的储集物性、孔喉结构特征以及储集空间类型存在差异,其中块状凝灰质粉砂岩相、条带状含凝灰云岩相和纹层状粉砂质沉凝灰岩相为最有利岩相类型。
In this study,lithofacies types and characteristics were analyzed in detail through examination of the tight fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag,Junggar Basin by methods of core observation,thin section identification,SEM(scanning electron microscope)and physical property testing.The results show that:(1)The tight fine-grained sedimentary rocks have a complex mineral composition of multiple components including terrigenous detrital,pyroclastic debris and carbonate components,representing a type of transitional diamicton.(2)Based on factors such as component,sedimentary structure and organic carbon,the mixed sedimentary rock lithofacies can be divided into two types,namely the uni-component lithofacies and multi-components mixed lithofacies.The former is mainly massive lithofacies and the later consists of massive,stripped-lumpy and laminated lithofacies.(3)There are six major lithofacies types that can be identified in the Lucaogou Formation:massive micritic dolostone,massive silty dolarenite,massive tuffaceous siltstone,stripped tuffaceous dolostone,laminated silty/argillaceous tuffites and laminated dolomitic mudstone.Different lithofacies types have different reservoir qualities,pore-throat structures and reservoir spaces.And the massive tuffaceous siltstone,stripped tuffaceous dolostone and laminated silty tuffites are the favorable lithofacies.
In this study,lithofacies types and characteristics were analyzed in detail through examination of the tight fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag,Junggar Basin by methods of core observation,thin section identification,SEM(scanning electron microscope)and physical property testing.The results show that:(1)The tight fine-grained sedimentary rocks have a complex mineral composition of multiple components including terrigenous detrital,pyroclastic debris and carbonate components,representing a type of transitional diamicton.(2)Based on factors such as component,sedimentary structure and organic carbon,the mixed sedimentary rock lithofacies can be divided into two types,namely the uni-component lithofacies and multi-components mixed lithofacies.The former is mainly massive lithofacies and the later consists of massive,stripped-lumpy and laminated lithofacies.(3)There are six major lithofacies types that can be identified in the Lucaogou Formation:massive micritic dolostone,massive silty dolarenite,massive tuffaceous siltstone,stripped tuffaceous dolostone,laminated silty/argillaceous tuffites and laminated dolomitic mudstone.Different lithofacies types have different reservoir qualities,pore-throat structures and reservoir spaces.And the massive tuffaceous siltstone,stripped tuffaceous dolostone and laminated silty tuffites are the favorable lithofacies.
引文
[1]李建忠,郑民,张国生,等.中国常规与非常规天然气资源潜力及发展前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):89-98.
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[3]李婷婷,朱如凯,白斌,等.混积岩储层特征:以酒泉盆地青西凹陷下白垩统混积岩为例[J].沉积学报,2015(2):376-384.
[4]李新宁,马强,梁辉,等.三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段混积岩致密油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):763-771.
[5]田继先,曾旭,易士威,等.咸化湖盆致密油储层“甜点”预测方法研究:以柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组为例[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):193-201.
[6]潘仁芳,陈美玲,张超谟,等.济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组页岩有机质热演化特征[J].地学前缘,2016,23(4):277-283.
[7]黄成刚,袁剑英,田光荣,等.柴西地区始新统湖相白云岩储层地球化学特征及形成机理[J].地学前缘,2016,23(3):230-242.
[8]SCHIEBER J.Significance of styles of epicontinental shale sedimentation in the Belt Basin,Mid-Proterozoic of Montana,USA[J].Sedimentary Geology,1990,69:297-312.
[9]李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成及脆度分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):616-620.
[10]葸克来,操应长,朱如凯,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储层岩石类型及特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1495-1507.
[11]张少敏,操应长,朱如凯,等.雅布赖盆地小湖次凹细粒沉积岩岩相特征与沉积环境探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):309-319.
[12]陈世悦,张顺,王永诗,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系细粒沉积岩岩相类型及储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):198-208.
[13]LAZAR O R,BOHACS K M,MACQUAKER J H S,et al.Capturing key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in outcrops,cores,and thin sections:nomenclature and description guidelines[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2015,85(3):230-246.
[14]袁选俊,林森虎,刘群,等.湖盆细粒沉积特征与富有机质页岩分布模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):34-43.
[15]PLINT A G,MACQUAKER J H S,VARBAN B L.Bedload transport of mud across a wide,storm-influenced ramp:Cenomanian-Turonian Kaskapau Formation,western Canada foreland basin[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2012,82(11):801-22.
[16]孙龙德,方朝亮,李峰,等.油气勘探开发中的沉积学创新与挑战[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):129-136.
[17]梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.
[18]黄振凯,陈建平,王义军,等.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥岩微观孔隙特征[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):30-36.
[19]孙维凤,宋岩,公言杰,等.青西凹陷下白垩统下沟组泥云岩致密油储层特征[J].地质科学,2015,50(1):315-329.
[20]匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):657-667.
[21]王成云,匡立春,高岗,等.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组泥质岩类生烃潜力差异性分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):385-394.
[22]邵雨,杨勇强,万敏,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组沉积特征及沉积相演化[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(6):635-641.
[23]方世虎,宋岩,徐怀民,等.构造演化与含油气系统的形成[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(2):149-153.
[24]毛翔,李江海,张华添,等.准噶尔盆地及其周缘地区晚古生代火山机构分布与发育环境分析[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2381-2391.
[25]冯进来,曹剑,胡凯,等.柴达木盆地中深层混积岩储层形成机制[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2461-2472.
[26]徐伟,陈开远,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆混积岩成因机理研究[J].岩石学报,2014,30(6):1804-1816.
[27]谭梦琪,刘自亮,沈芳,等.四川盆地回龙地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段混积岩特征及模式[J].沉积学报,2016,34(3):571-581.
[28]GARCA-HIDALGO J F,GIL J,SEGURA M,et al.Internal anatomy of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate platform:the Late Cenomanian-Mid Turonian at the southern margin of the Spanish Central System[J].Sedimentology,2007,54(6):1245-1271.
[29]FRANCIS J M,DUNBAR G B,DICKENS G R,et al.Siliciclastic sediment across the North Queensland margin(Australia):a Holocene perspective on reciprocal versus coeval deposition in tropical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate systems[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(7):572-586.
[30]姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等.含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J].石油学报.2013,34(6):1031-1039.
[31]MACQUAKER J H S,GAWTHORPE R.Mudstone lithofacies in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation,Wessex Basin,southern England:implications for the origin and controls of the distribution of mudstones[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1993,63(6):1129-1143.
[32]LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[33]HICKEY J J,HENK B.Lithofacies summary of the Mississippian Barnett Shale,Mitchell 2TP Sims well,Wise County,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):437-443.
[34]APLIN A C,MACQUAKER J H S.Mudstone diversity:origin and implications for source,seal,and reservoir properties in petroleum systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2031-2059.
[35]付金华,邓秀芹,楚美娟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水岩相发育特征及其石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):928-938.
[36]MANZELLA I,BONADONNA C,PHILLIPS J C,et al.The role of gravitational instabilities in deposition of volcanic ash[J].Geology,2015,43(3):211-214.
[2]邹才能,杨智,崔景伟,等.页岩油形成机制,地质特征及发展对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):14-26.
[3]李婷婷,朱如凯,白斌,等.混积岩储层特征:以酒泉盆地青西凹陷下白垩统混积岩为例[J].沉积学报,2015(2):376-384.
[4]李新宁,马强,梁辉,等.三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段混积岩致密油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):763-771.
[5]田继先,曾旭,易士威,等.咸化湖盆致密油储层“甜点”预测方法研究:以柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组为例[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):193-201.
[6]潘仁芳,陈美玲,张超谟,等.济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组页岩有机质热演化特征[J].地学前缘,2016,23(4):277-283.
[7]黄成刚,袁剑英,田光荣,等.柴西地区始新统湖相白云岩储层地球化学特征及形成机理[J].地学前缘,2016,23(3):230-242.
[8]SCHIEBER J.Significance of styles of epicontinental shale sedimentation in the Belt Basin,Mid-Proterozoic of Montana,USA[J].Sedimentary Geology,1990,69:297-312.
[9]李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成及脆度分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):616-620.
[10]葸克来,操应长,朱如凯,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储层岩石类型及特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1495-1507.
[11]张少敏,操应长,朱如凯,等.雅布赖盆地小湖次凹细粒沉积岩岩相特征与沉积环境探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):309-319.
[12]陈世悦,张顺,王永诗,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系细粒沉积岩岩相类型及储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):198-208.
[13]LAZAR O R,BOHACS K M,MACQUAKER J H S,et al.Capturing key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in outcrops,cores,and thin sections:nomenclature and description guidelines[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2015,85(3):230-246.
[14]袁选俊,林森虎,刘群,等.湖盆细粒沉积特征与富有机质页岩分布模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):34-43.
[15]PLINT A G,MACQUAKER J H S,VARBAN B L.Bedload transport of mud across a wide,storm-influenced ramp:Cenomanian-Turonian Kaskapau Formation,western Canada foreland basin[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2012,82(11):801-22.
[16]孙龙德,方朝亮,李峰,等.油气勘探开发中的沉积学创新与挑战[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):129-136.
[17]梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.
[18]黄振凯,陈建平,王义军,等.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥岩微观孔隙特征[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):30-36.
[19]孙维凤,宋岩,公言杰,等.青西凹陷下白垩统下沟组泥云岩致密油储层特征[J].地质科学,2015,50(1):315-329.
[20]匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):657-667.
[21]王成云,匡立春,高岗,等.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组泥质岩类生烃潜力差异性分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):385-394.
[22]邵雨,杨勇强,万敏,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组沉积特征及沉积相演化[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(6):635-641.
[23]方世虎,宋岩,徐怀民,等.构造演化与含油气系统的形成[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(2):149-153.
[24]毛翔,李江海,张华添,等.准噶尔盆地及其周缘地区晚古生代火山机构分布与发育环境分析[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2381-2391.
[25]冯进来,曹剑,胡凯,等.柴达木盆地中深层混积岩储层形成机制[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2461-2472.
[26]徐伟,陈开远,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆混积岩成因机理研究[J].岩石学报,2014,30(6):1804-1816.
[27]谭梦琪,刘自亮,沈芳,等.四川盆地回龙地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段混积岩特征及模式[J].沉积学报,2016,34(3):571-581.
[28]GARCA-HIDALGO J F,GIL J,SEGURA M,et al.Internal anatomy of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate platform:the Late Cenomanian-Mid Turonian at the southern margin of the Spanish Central System[J].Sedimentology,2007,54(6):1245-1271.
[29]FRANCIS J M,DUNBAR G B,DICKENS G R,et al.Siliciclastic sediment across the North Queensland margin(Australia):a Holocene perspective on reciprocal versus coeval deposition in tropical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate systems[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(7):572-586.
[30]姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等.含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J].石油学报.2013,34(6):1031-1039.
[31]MACQUAKER J H S,GAWTHORPE R.Mudstone lithofacies in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation,Wessex Basin,southern England:implications for the origin and controls of the distribution of mudstones[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1993,63(6):1129-1143.
[32]LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[33]HICKEY J J,HENK B.Lithofacies summary of the Mississippian Barnett Shale,Mitchell 2TP Sims well,Wise County,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):437-443.
[34]APLIN A C,MACQUAKER J H S.Mudstone diversity:origin and implications for source,seal,and reservoir properties in petroleum systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2031-2059.
[35]付金华,邓秀芹,楚美娟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水岩相发育特征及其石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):928-938.
[36]MANZELLA I,BONADONNA C,PHILLIPS J C,et al.The role of gravitational instabilities in deposition of volcanic ash[J].Geology,2015,43(3):211-214.