5种矿物源药剂对苹果树腐烂病菌室内防效评价
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摘要
为了筛选高效低毒且对苹果树腐烂病防效较佳的矿物源农药,本试验采用菌丝生长速率法、玻片孢子萌发法和离体枝条烫伤接种法,测定了5种矿物源药剂对苹果树腐烂病菌菌落生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,以及其在离体枝条上的防治效果。结果表明,5种矿物源农药对苹果树腐烂病菌菌落的生长和分生孢子萌发均具有显著的抑制作用,当70%腐植酸钠GR、77%氢氧化铜WP、80%波尔多液WP、86.2%氧化亚铜WG和77%硫酸铜钙WP质量浓度分别为5、257、400、123和385μg/mL时,其对苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为97.55%、97.67%、98.94%、95.48%和98.43%,其EC_(50)分别为2.60、71.15、159.60、77.40和95.73μg/mL;对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制率分别为96.33%、97.67%、98.67%、91.01%和95.58%,其EC_(50)分别为1.38、69.3、145.41、65.48和102.98μg/mL。离体枝条防效测定表明,5种矿物源农药中70%腐植酸钠GR对苹果树腐烂病防效最佳,为86.83%。因此,腐植酸钠可作为防治苹果树腐烂病的最佳矿物源农药。
The aim of our present study was to screen the highly effective and low toxicity mineral source pesticide for control of apple tree valsa canker disease. In this study, the inhibitory effects of five mineral source agents on colony growth and conidial germination of Valsa mail pathogens, and their control effect on detached shoots were determined by the colony growth rate, spore germination on slides and shoot scalding inoculation methods. The results showed that five kinds of mineral pesticides had significant inhibitory effects on the growth of V. mail and the germination of conidia. When the mass concentration of sodium humate 70% GR, copper hydroxide 77% WP, bordeaux mixture 80% WP, cuprous oxide 86.2% WG and copper calcium sulfate 77% WP were 5, 257, 400, 123 and 385 μg/mL, the inhibition rate on mycelial growth were 97.55%, 97.67%, 98.94%, 95.48% and 98.43%, and the EC_(50) values were 2.60, 71.15, 159.60, 77.40 and 95.73 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory rates on conidia germination were 96.33%, 97.67%, 98.67%, 91.01% and 95.58%, and their EC_(50) values were 1.38, 69.3, 145.41, 65.48 and 102.98 μg/mL, respectively. Among the five kinds of pesticides, sodium humate 70% GR had the best preventive effect on detached shoots with the efficacy of 86.83%. Therefore, sodium humate can be used as the mineral biological pesticides for controlling valsa canker disease on apple trees.
The aim of our present study was to screen the highly effective and low toxicity mineral source pesticide for control of apple tree valsa canker disease. In this study, the inhibitory effects of five mineral source agents on colony growth and conidial germination of Valsa mail pathogens, and their control effect on detached shoots were determined by the colony growth rate, spore germination on slides and shoot scalding inoculation methods. The results showed that five kinds of mineral pesticides had significant inhibitory effects on the growth of V. mail and the germination of conidia. When the mass concentration of sodium humate 70% GR, copper hydroxide 77% WP, bordeaux mixture 80% WP, cuprous oxide 86.2% WG and copper calcium sulfate 77% WP were 5, 257, 400, 123 and 385 μg/mL, the inhibition rate on mycelial growth were 97.55%, 97.67%, 98.94%, 95.48% and 98.43%, and the EC_(50) values were 2.60, 71.15, 159.60, 77.40 and 95.73 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory rates on conidia germination were 96.33%, 97.67%, 98.67%, 91.01% and 95.58%, and their EC_(50) values were 1.38, 69.3, 145.41, 65.48 and 102.98 μg/mL, respectively. Among the five kinds of pesticides, sodium humate 70% GR had the best preventive effect on detached shoots with the efficacy of 86.83%. Therefore, sodium humate can be used as the mineral biological pesticides for controlling valsa canker disease on apple trees.
引文
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[11] 韩盛,杨渡,徐万里,等.8种生物源和矿物源农药防治加工番茄细菌性斑点病试验[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(11):2258-2261.
[12] 宋娜,戴青青,宋娜,等.苹果树腐烂病菌GTP-环化水解酶II基因敲除载体构建及其突变体的表型分析[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(15):2980-2989.
[13] 何美仙,罗军.8种杀菌剂对苦瓜枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定[J].金华职业技术学院学报,2013,13(3):83-85.
[14] 陈丽,疏秀林,安德荣,等.土壤拮抗放线菌S-5210-6活性产物抑菌谱及其作用机制[J].植物保护学报,2007,34(3):277-282.
[15] 孙广宇,宗兆锋.植物病理学实验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:139-146.
[16] 翟慧者,胡同乐,陈曲,等.10种化学杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病的防效评价[J].植物保护,2012,38(3):151-154.
[17] 臧睿,黄丽丽,康振生,等.陕西苹果树腐烂病菌(Cytospora spp.)不同分离株的生物学特性与致病性研究[J].植物病理学报,2007,37(4):343-351.
[18] 马晓东.陕西苹果腐烂病的发生规律及其无公害化学防治新技术的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[19] 郭晓峰,徐秉良,韩健,等.5种化学药剂对苹果树腐烂病室内防效评价[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(18):285-290.
[20] 陈晓洁,李方方,白旭亮,等.3种新药剂对河北省苹果轮纹病病原菌的抑制效果[J].西部林业科学,2015(4):53-57.
[2] 薛应钰,靳小刚,李海军,等.甘肃省苹果树腐烂病发生和防治情况调查[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(6):81-87.
[3] 王建华.苹果树腐烂病菌致病物质的初步研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[4] 翟广华.使用波尔多液防治果树病害的方法及注意事项[J].山西果树,2011(3):48-49.
[5] 李正鹏.杨凌糖丝菌Hhs.015对苹果树腐烂病的生物防治研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[6] 尚尔才,尚祖卫.我国生物源农药半世纪的回顾与启示[J].今日农药,2009,34(7):18-19.
[7] 王以燕,袁善奎,吴厚斌,等.我国生物源及矿物源农药应用发展现状[J].农药,2012,51(5):313-316.
[8] 许美良,杨程鹏,徐静,等.矿物源农药绿颖防治黄瓜白粉病的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(4):638.
[9] 何红卫.矿物源农药绿颖防治草莓白粉病[J].浙江农业科学,2008,1(1):88-89.
[10] 陈臻,侯宝宏,王卫雄,等.黄腐酸处理对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制作用及对苹果树防御酶活性的影响[J].植物保护,2016,42(3):81-86.
[11] 韩盛,杨渡,徐万里,等.8种生物源和矿物源农药防治加工番茄细菌性斑点病试验[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(11):2258-2261.
[12] 宋娜,戴青青,宋娜,等.苹果树腐烂病菌GTP-环化水解酶II基因敲除载体构建及其突变体的表型分析[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(15):2980-2989.
[13] 何美仙,罗军.8种杀菌剂对苦瓜枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定[J].金华职业技术学院学报,2013,13(3):83-85.
[14] 陈丽,疏秀林,安德荣,等.土壤拮抗放线菌S-5210-6活性产物抑菌谱及其作用机制[J].植物保护学报,2007,34(3):277-282.
[15] 孙广宇,宗兆锋.植物病理学实验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:139-146.
[16] 翟慧者,胡同乐,陈曲,等.10种化学杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病的防效评价[J].植物保护,2012,38(3):151-154.
[17] 臧睿,黄丽丽,康振生,等.陕西苹果树腐烂病菌(Cytospora spp.)不同分离株的生物学特性与致病性研究[J].植物病理学报,2007,37(4):343-351.
[18] 马晓东.陕西苹果腐烂病的发生规律及其无公害化学防治新技术的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[19] 郭晓峰,徐秉良,韩健,等.5种化学药剂对苹果树腐烂病室内防效评价[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(18):285-290.
[20] 陈晓洁,李方方,白旭亮,等.3种新药剂对河北省苹果轮纹病病原菌的抑制效果[J].西部林业科学,2015(4):53-57.