国产CCF300碳纤维单向织物液体成型工艺性及其复合材料力学性能
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摘要
选取国产碳纤维CCF300所制备的2种单向织物,单向无纬织物U3160及单向无屈曲织物KUC160,分别对其预成型体进行压缩特性和渗透特性测试,以研究2种单向织物的液体成型工艺性,并采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备2种单向织物/双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料,测试并对比其面内力学性能。结果表明:预成型体压缩试验中,嵌套效应受压力及织物层数影响较大,压力越高、层数越多,嵌套效应越显著。U3160织物的嵌套效应较KUC160织物更为明显,在较高压力下,KUC160织物预成型体的纤维体积分数较U3160织物的下降了约20%。渗透率测试结果表明:相比U3160织物,KUC160织物0°方向的渗透率较高,而90°方向的渗透率有所降低;这是由于经编线的绑缚作用能促进0°方向的宏观流动,而阻碍90°方向的微观渗透。此外,KUC160织物的经编线与U3160织物的纬向纱线的导流作用也对渗透率有影响。力学性能试验结果表明:相比U3160织物增强复合材料,KUC160织物增强复合材料0°方向的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能均有所下降,拉伸强度和弯曲模量降幅最大,分别约为11%和21%;而层间剪切强度有小幅提高,增幅约为8%。
Aiming to develop the process ability of liquid molding on two kinds of unidirectional fabric,compressibility and permeability tests were carried out on preform by two types of unidirectional fabric made of domestic CCF300 carbon fibers-plain unidirectional fabric U3160 and uniaxial non-crimp fabric KUC160.Two types of unidirectional fabric/bismaleimide resin composites were fabricated with resin transfer molding(RTM)processes,and inplane mechanical properties of the composites were investigated and compared.It is found that the nesting effect during the preform compression test is influenced by the pressure and number of the fabric layers.The nesting effect is increased with the increase of pressure and the number of the layer.U3160 fabric displays more noticeable nesting effect than that of KUC160 fabric.Hence,the fiber volume fraction of KUC160 fabric preforms is about 20%lower than that of U3160 fabric preforms under high pressure.The permeability test results show that KUC160 has a higher permeability along the 0°direction than that of U3160 fabric,while the permeability perpendicular to the fibers of KUC160 fabric is lower than that of U3160 fabric.It may be attributed to that the binding effect of stitching yarns enhances the macro-flowing along the 0°direction,but weakens the micro-infiltration perpendicular to the fiber direction.In addition,the stitching yarns of KUC160 and the stabilizing yarns of U3160 have flow guiding effect on the permeability.Mechanical property test results show that compared with composites reinforced by U3160,the tensile,flexural and compressive properties along the 0°direction of KUC160 reinforced composites decrease.To be specific,tensile strength and flexural modulus decrease the most by 11% and 21%,respectively.The interlaminar shear strength slightly increases by about 8%.
Aiming to develop the process ability of liquid molding on two kinds of unidirectional fabric,compressibility and permeability tests were carried out on preform by two types of unidirectional fabric made of domestic CCF300 carbon fibers-plain unidirectional fabric U3160 and uniaxial non-crimp fabric KUC160.Two types of unidirectional fabric/bismaleimide resin composites were fabricated with resin transfer molding(RTM)processes,and inplane mechanical properties of the composites were investigated and compared.It is found that the nesting effect during the preform compression test is influenced by the pressure and number of the fabric layers.The nesting effect is increased with the increase of pressure and the number of the layer.U3160 fabric displays more noticeable nesting effect than that of KUC160 fabric.Hence,the fiber volume fraction of KUC160 fabric preforms is about 20%lower than that of U3160 fabric preforms under high pressure.The permeability test results show that KUC160 has a higher permeability along the 0°direction than that of U3160 fabric,while the permeability perpendicular to the fibers of KUC160 fabric is lower than that of U3160 fabric.It may be attributed to that the binding effect of stitching yarns enhances the macro-flowing along the 0°direction,but weakens the micro-infiltration perpendicular to the fiber direction.In addition,the stitching yarns of KUC160 and the stabilizing yarns of U3160 have flow guiding effect on the permeability.Mechanical property test results show that compared with composites reinforced by U3160,the tensile,flexural and compressive properties along the 0°direction of KUC160 reinforced composites decrease.To be specific,tensile strength and flexural modulus decrease the most by 11% and 21%,respectively.The interlaminar shear strength slightly increases by about 8%.
引文
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[18]董韵,李炜.经编多轴向织物[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2006(1):56-57.DONG Y,LI W.Multiaxial warp-knitted fabric[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2006(1):56-57(in Chinese).
[19]李龙,段跃新,李超,等.双轴向经编织物T700/BMI6421复合材料力学性能[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(6):92-97.LI L,DUAN Y X,LI C,et al.Mechanical properties of biaxial warp-knitted fabric T700/BMI6421composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):92-97(in Chinese).
[20]SOMASHEKAR A A,BICKERTON S,BHATTACHARYYA D.Exploring the non-elastic compression deformation of dry glass fibre reinforcements[J].Composites Science and Technology,2007,67(2):183-200.
[21]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials:ASTM D3039/D3039M-14[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2014.
[22]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials with unsupported gage section by shear loading:ASTM D3410/D3410M-03[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2008.
[23]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for flexural properties of polymer matrix composite materials:ASTM D7264/D7264M-15[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2015.
[24]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for short-beam strength of polymer matrix composite materials and their laminates:ASTM D2344/D2344M-13[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2013.
[25]Duan Y X,Tan Z Y,Zhao Y,et al.Compression response of preform in vacuum infusion process[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2008,21(4):370-377.
[26]刘刚,李伟东,李龙,等.“离位”增韧预成型体压缩特性[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(4):1194-1200.LIU G,LI W D,LI L,et al.Compaction properties of“exsitu”toughened preforms[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(4):1194-1200(in Chinese).
[27]杨金水,肖加余,曾竟成,等.真空导入模塑工艺中织物预成型体的可压缩性[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(6):1-7.YANG J S,XIAO J Y,ZENG J C,et al.Compressibility of fabric preforms in vacuum infusion molding process[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):1-7(in Chinese).
[28]祝君军,段跃新,陈吉平,等.碳纤维经编织物定型参数及渗透特性[J].复合材料学报,2012,29(3):42-48.ZHU J J,DUAN Y X,CHEN J P,et al.Packifier parameters and permeability characteristics of non-crimp stitched carbon fabrics[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2012,29(3):42-48(in Chinese).
[29]丁江平,潘利剑,范欣愉,等.国产CCF300碳纤维4轴向无屈曲织物层合板力学性能对比研究[J].高科技纤维与应用,2010,35(5):26-31.DING J P,PAN L J,FAN X Y,et al.Study on the mechanical properties of domestic CCF300carbon fiber four axial directions non-crimp fabric laminates[J].Hi-tech Fiber&Application,2010,35(5):26-31(in Chinese).
[30]JOFFE R,MATTSSON D,MODNIKS J,et al.Compressive failure analysis of non-crimp fabric composites with large out-of-plane misalignment of fiber bundles[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2005,36(8):1030-1046.
[2]陈祥宝.先进树脂基复合材料的发展和应用[J].航空材料学报,2003(增刊1):198-204.CHEN X B.The development and application of advanced resin-based composite materials[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2003(Suppl.1):198-204(in Chinese).
[3]CHEN Z R,YE L.A micromechanical compaction model for woven fabric preforms.Part II:Multilayer[J].Composites Science and Technology,2006,66(16):3263-3272.
[4]MATSUDAIRA M,QIN H.Features and mechanical parameters of a fabric’s compressional property[J].Journal of the Textile Institute,1995,86(3):476-486.
[5]PEARCE N,SUMMERSCALES J.The compressibility of a reinforcement fabric[J].Composites Manufacturing,1995,6(1):15-21.
[6]ROBITAILLE F,GAUVIN R.Compaction of textile reinforcements for composites manufacturing.I:Review of experimental results[J].Polymer Composites,1998,19(2):198-216.
[7]SAUNDERS R A,LEKAKOU C,BADER M G.Compression and microstructure of fibre plain woven cloths in the processing of polymer composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,1998,29(4):443-454.
[8]CHEN B,CHOU T W.Compaction of woven-fabric preforms in liquid composite molding processes:Single-layer deformation[J].Composites Science and Technology,1999,59(10):1519-1526.
[9]CHEN B,CHENG A H D,CHOU T W.A nonlinear compaction model for fibrous preforms[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2001,32(5):701-707.
[10]CHEN B,CHOU T W.Compaction of woven-fabric preforms:Nesting and multi-layer deformation[J].Composites Science and Technology,2000,60(12):2223-2231.
[11]CHEN B,LANG E J,CHOU T W.Experimental and theoretical studies of fabric compaction behavior in resin transfer molding[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2001,317(1):188-196.
[12]OGALE A,MITSCHANG P.Compaction behavior of assembled fiber reinforced preforms[J].Journal of Industrial Textiles,2007,37(1):15-29.
[13]梁子青,唐邦铭,李艳亮,等.织物预成型体的可压缩性研究[J].材料工程,2006(6):5-8.LIANG Z Q,TANG B M,LI Y L,et al.Study on the compressibility of fabric preforms[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2006(6):5-8(in Chinese).
[14]郭启微,吴晓青.复合材料中平纹机织物的压缩性能[J].纺织学报,2008,29(5):42-45.GUO Q W,WU X Q.Compressibility of plain-woven fabrics in composite[J].Journal of Textile Research,2008,29(5):42-45(in Chinese).
[15]潘利剑,刘卫平,陈萍,等.碳纤维经编多轴向织物的压缩特性[C]∥第十四届中国科协年会第11分会场:低成本,高性能复合材料发展论坛论文集.石家庄:中国科学技术协会,2012:4.PAN L J,LIU W P,CHEN P,et al.Research on compression behavior of multi-axial warp-knitted fabrics[C]∥The14th Annual Meeting of China Association for Science and Technology 11th Session:Forum on Development of Low Cost,High Performance Composite Materials.Shijiazhuang:China Association for Dcience and Technology,2012:4(in Chinese).
[16]田正刚.LCM工艺中纤维预成型体渗透率的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004.TIAN Z G.Study on permeability of fiber perform in LCM[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2004(in Chinese).
[17]李文晓,薛元德.树脂传递模塑工艺中渗透率的测定[J].建筑材料学报,2000,3(3):258-263.LI W X,XUE Y D.Study on permeability in RTM[J].Journal of Building Materials,2000,3(3):258-263(in Chinese).
[18]董韵,李炜.经编多轴向织物[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2006(1):56-57.DONG Y,LI W.Multiaxial warp-knitted fabric[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2006(1):56-57(in Chinese).
[19]李龙,段跃新,李超,等.双轴向经编织物T700/BMI6421复合材料力学性能[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(6):92-97.LI L,DUAN Y X,LI C,et al.Mechanical properties of biaxial warp-knitted fabric T700/BMI6421composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):92-97(in Chinese).
[20]SOMASHEKAR A A,BICKERTON S,BHATTACHARYYA D.Exploring the non-elastic compression deformation of dry glass fibre reinforcements[J].Composites Science and Technology,2007,67(2):183-200.
[21]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials:ASTM D3039/D3039M-14[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2014.
[22]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials with unsupported gage section by shear loading:ASTM D3410/D3410M-03[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2008.
[23]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for flexural properties of polymer matrix composite materials:ASTM D7264/D7264M-15[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2015.
[24]American Society for Testing and Materials International.Standard test method for short-beam strength of polymer matrix composite materials and their laminates:ASTM D2344/D2344M-13[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2013.
[25]Duan Y X,Tan Z Y,Zhao Y,et al.Compression response of preform in vacuum infusion process[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2008,21(4):370-377.
[26]刘刚,李伟东,李龙,等.“离位”增韧预成型体压缩特性[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(4):1194-1200.LIU G,LI W D,LI L,et al.Compaction properties of“exsitu”toughened preforms[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(4):1194-1200(in Chinese).
[27]杨金水,肖加余,曾竟成,等.真空导入模塑工艺中织物预成型体的可压缩性[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(6):1-7.YANG J S,XIAO J Y,ZENG J C,et al.Compressibility of fabric preforms in vacuum infusion molding process[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):1-7(in Chinese).
[28]祝君军,段跃新,陈吉平,等.碳纤维经编织物定型参数及渗透特性[J].复合材料学报,2012,29(3):42-48.ZHU J J,DUAN Y X,CHEN J P,et al.Packifier parameters and permeability characteristics of non-crimp stitched carbon fabrics[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2012,29(3):42-48(in Chinese).
[29]丁江平,潘利剑,范欣愉,等.国产CCF300碳纤维4轴向无屈曲织物层合板力学性能对比研究[J].高科技纤维与应用,2010,35(5):26-31.DING J P,PAN L J,FAN X Y,et al.Study on the mechanical properties of domestic CCF300carbon fiber four axial directions non-crimp fabric laminates[J].Hi-tech Fiber&Application,2010,35(5):26-31(in Chinese).
[30]JOFFE R,MATTSSON D,MODNIKS J,et al.Compressive failure analysis of non-crimp fabric composites with large out-of-plane misalignment of fiber bundles[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2005,36(8):1030-1046.