油气管道穿孔封堵用软质捆绑卡具的设计
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摘要
在油气管道的长久运行过程中,受自然、人为等不可预见因素影响,不可避免地会发生管道突发性穿孔泄漏事故。为了最大限度降低事故引起的损失,利用软性绑带能够快速勒紧束扎的特性,结合橡胶件压缩密封的原理,开发出一种能够在管道存在微正压、微泄漏的情况下临时堵漏的软质捆绑卡具。相比刚性卡具,软质捆绑卡具具有轻质、可变形、不剥防腐层、成本低、安装快速等优点。对完成临时封堵的管道辅以钢制凸形套袖管件,更能实现快速、低成本的永久修复。在试验台进行了软质捆绑卡具的动态堵漏测试试验,结果表明:软质捆绑卡具安装方便、承压能力强、安全可靠,为油气管道泄漏的安全、快速、低成本维抢修提供了有力支撑。
In the long running process of oil and gas pipelines, the accidents of sudden perforation leakage inevitably happen to the pipelines due to the influence of unpredictable factors, such as natural and artificial factors. In order to minimize the loss caused by the accidents, a flexible fixture used for temporarily plugging the pipeline micro-leakage under slightly positive pressure was developed in this paper based on the fast tightening and binding characteristics of soft straps, combined with the compression sealing principle of the rubber pieces. Compared with rigid clamps, flexible fixtures are more advantageous with light weight, deformable property, non-stripping anti corrosion coating, low cost and quick installation. If the pipeline which has been temporarily plugged is equipped with the protruding sleeve steel pipe fittings,its permanent repair will be realized rapidly at low cost. In addition, dynamic plugging tests were carried out on the flexible fixture at the test bench. It is shown that the flexible fixture is characterized by convenient installation, high bearing capacity,safety and reliability. The research results provide the powerful support for the low-cost, safe and rapid maintenance and emergency repair of oil and gas pipeline leakage.
In the long running process of oil and gas pipelines, the accidents of sudden perforation leakage inevitably happen to the pipelines due to the influence of unpredictable factors, such as natural and artificial factors. In order to minimize the loss caused by the accidents, a flexible fixture used for temporarily plugging the pipeline micro-leakage under slightly positive pressure was developed in this paper based on the fast tightening and binding characteristics of soft straps, combined with the compression sealing principle of the rubber pieces. Compared with rigid clamps, flexible fixtures are more advantageous with light weight, deformable property, non-stripping anti corrosion coating, low cost and quick installation. If the pipeline which has been temporarily plugged is equipped with the protruding sleeve steel pipe fittings,its permanent repair will be realized rapidly at low cost. In addition, dynamic plugging tests were carried out on the flexible fixture at the test bench. It is shown that the flexible fixture is characterized by convenient installation, high bearing capacity,safety and reliability. The research results provide the powerful support for the low-cost, safe and rapid maintenance and emergency repair of oil and gas pipeline leakage.
引文
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[14]阮卜琴.一种自动收带拉紧器:ZL200910262602.3[P].2012-11-21.RUAN B Q.Anautomatic belt tensioning device:ZL200910262602.3[P].2012-11-21.
[15]付建民,赵振洋,陈国明,等.液相管道流量与压力对小孔泄漏速率的影响[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):257-265.FU J M,ZHAO Z Y,CHEN G M,et al.Influences of liquid pipeline flow and pressure on small-hole leakage rate[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):257-265.
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[17]HOU Q,JIAO W.Improved FDS analysis for the atmospheric impact of natural gas leakage and diffusion[J].Journal of Computational Information Systems,2011,7(13):4702-4709.
[18]冯文兴,王兆芹,程五一.高压输气管道小孔与大孔泄漏模型的比较分析[J].安全与环境工程,2009,16(4):108-110.FENG W X,WANG Z Q,CHENG W Y.Analysis of the nozzle model and hole model associated with high-pressure natural gas pipeline leakage[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2009,16(4):108-110.
[19]罗强,廖如超,张海涛,等.燃气管道导流焊接式带压堵漏装置的研究[J].煤气与热力,2015,35(10):26-31.LUO Q,LIAO R C,ZHANG H T,et al.Study on diversion welded hot plugging device for gas pipeline[J].Gas&Heat,2015,35(10):26-31.
[20]Pipeline Research Council International.Updated pipeline repair manual:R2269-01R[R/OL].(2006-08-28)[2017-02-13].http://www.doc88.com/p-7438992611932.html.
[21]王长罡,姜征锋,卢启春,等.油气管道在役焊接研究进展[J].油气储运,2015,34(6):586-589.WANG C G,JIANG Z F,LU Q C,et al.Research progress on in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(6):586-589.
[2]朱圣平,李方圆,江涛.天然气管道腐蚀穿孔成因分析[J].管道技术与设备,2014(1):39-41.ZHU S P,LI F Y,JIANG T.Analysis of natural gas pipeline perforation by corrosion[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2014(1):39-41.
[3]向波.西气东输二线管道设计的主要特点[J].天然气与石油,2008,26(3):1-5.XIANG B.Design characteristics of“West-to-East”Gas PipelineⅡ[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2008,26(3):1-5.
[4]肖子云.天然气管道泄漏原因分析及防范处置对策[J].河北公安警察职业学院报,2016,16(1):45-47.XIAO Z Y.Natural gas pipeline leakage reason analysis and disposal measures to prevent[J].Journal of Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police,2016,16(1):45-47.
[5]彭趣,廖柯熹,刘奎荣,等.元托帽沟输油管道泄漏事故后果分析[J].油气田地面工程,2016,35(1):27-29.PENG Q,LIAO K X,LIU K R,et al.Analysis on leakage consequence of Yuantuomao River Oil Pipelines[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2016,35(1):27-29.
[6]李旦,杜旭峰.输油管道漏油带压焊接技术探讨[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2012,32(6):74.LI D,DU X F.Oil pipeline leak with pressure welding technique[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2012,32(6):74.
[7]王友义,魏立新,吴迪,等.输油管道补板焊接修复结构有限元分析[J].化工机械,2016,43(4):522-525.WANG Y Y,WEI L X,WU D,et al.Finite element analysis of plate’s welding repair structure in oil pipeline[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2016,43(4):522-525.
[8]陈建平,赵新峰,常洪春,等.油气管道施工焊接质量管理措施[J].电焊机,2014,44(11):21-24.CHEN J P,ZHAO X F,CHANG H C,et al.Research on welding quality management measures for oil and gas pipeline construction[J].Electric Welding Machine,2014,44(11):21-24.
[9]刘国华,赵立奇.输油管道泄漏损失量的评估方法[J].油气储运,2013,32(6):672-674.LIU G H,ZHAO L Q.Assessment of leakage volume in oil pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(6):672-674.
[10]柳长森,郭建华,金浩,等.基于WSR方法论的企业安全风险管控模式研究--“11·22”中石化管道泄漏爆炸事故案例分析[J].管理评论,2017,29(1):265-272.LIU C S,GUO J H,JIN H,et al.Research on the safety risk management and control model for enterprise based on WSRmethodology-case analysis of“11·22”Sinopec oil pipeline leakage and explosion accident[J].Management Review,2017,29(1):265-272.
[11]吕百龄,刘登祥,李和平.实用橡胶手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:686.LYU B L,LIU D X,LI H P.Practical manual of rubber[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2010:686.
[12]姜修才,赵东辉,陶伟莉,等.卡具:ZL201530265485.2[P].2016-01-06.JIANG X C,ZHAO D H,TAO W L,et al.Fixture:ZL201530265485.2[P].2016-01-06.
[13]高李,梁政.高压管道抢修卡具的优化设计[J].油气储运,2013,32(7):740-744.GAO L,LIANG Z.Optimized design of clamps for rushrepair of high-pressure pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(7):740-744.
[14]阮卜琴.一种自动收带拉紧器:ZL200910262602.3[P].2012-11-21.RUAN B Q.Anautomatic belt tensioning device:ZL200910262602.3[P].2012-11-21.
[15]付建民,赵振洋,陈国明,等.液相管道流量与压力对小孔泄漏速率的影响[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):257-265.FU J M,ZHAO Z Y,CHEN G M,et al.Influences of liquid pipeline flow and pressure on small-hole leakage rate[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):257-265.
[16]黄有波,吕淑然.FDS模拟小孔径喷射火特性的有效性研究[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(2):162-165.HUANG Y B,LYU S R.Effectiveness study of FDS software simulated gas pipeline small leak hole jet fire[J].Fire Science&Technology,2016,35(2):162-165.
[17]HOU Q,JIAO W.Improved FDS analysis for the atmospheric impact of natural gas leakage and diffusion[J].Journal of Computational Information Systems,2011,7(13):4702-4709.
[18]冯文兴,王兆芹,程五一.高压输气管道小孔与大孔泄漏模型的比较分析[J].安全与环境工程,2009,16(4):108-110.FENG W X,WANG Z Q,CHENG W Y.Analysis of the nozzle model and hole model associated with high-pressure natural gas pipeline leakage[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2009,16(4):108-110.
[19]罗强,廖如超,张海涛,等.燃气管道导流焊接式带压堵漏装置的研究[J].煤气与热力,2015,35(10):26-31.LUO Q,LIAO R C,ZHANG H T,et al.Study on diversion welded hot plugging device for gas pipeline[J].Gas&Heat,2015,35(10):26-31.
[20]Pipeline Research Council International.Updated pipeline repair manual:R2269-01R[R/OL].(2006-08-28)[2017-02-13].http://www.doc88.com/p-7438992611932.html.
[21]王长罡,姜征锋,卢启春,等.油气管道在役焊接研究进展[J].油气储运,2015,34(6):586-589.WANG C G,JIANG Z F,LU Q C,et al.Research progress on in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(6):586-589.