基于LCA的沥青路面设计参数对碳排放的影响
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摘要
公路设计与施工一般都以结构性能与经济指标作为主要标准。而公路建设过程中将产生大量的气体碳排放,这一影响环境的指标却没有考虑。因此,对公路建设中的碳排放进行量化与分析并以此作为一个设计指标考虑是很有必要的,符合可持续发展战略的要求。本研究以国内高速公路的典型沥青路面结构为基础,通过对3种沥青路面结构类型的全寿命周期评价(LCA)的碳排放评估,分析不同沥青结构层设计参数对碳排放特征化结果的影响程度。研究内容包括:LCA的技术内容介绍,沥青路面设计参数与LCA的碳排放评估参数的选定,不同沥青路面结构的LCA碳排放评估,不同沥青层设计参数对LCA的碳排放的特征化结果影响分析等。研究结果表明,在沥青面层建设期中对温室效应的影响最为严重,其占比达到了95%以上,其中生产阶段的碳排放对温室效应影响的比重最大。改变沥青层的类型对碳排放的影响表现为大幅度地提高了沥青面层生产阶段的碳排放。而改变沥青层厚度对于碳排放的影响是对于各阶段的碳排放都有大致相同比例的影响。在目前的时代背景下,建设绿色、低碳公路成为公路行业必然前进的方向,建议在沥青路面建设中应将其全寿命周期内的碳排放考虑其中,建议沥青路面建设应该大力推广使用新型能源以降低沥青路面的碳排放。
The indexes of structure performance and economics are applied generally as the main criteria in highway design and construction.But it will produce a lot of carbon gas emissions during the process of road construction,and this environmental influencing index is not considered.Therefore,it is necessary to quantify and analyze the carbon emission in highway construction as a design index,which meets the requirements of the sustainable development strategy.Based on typical asphalt pavement structure of expressway in China,through LCA carbon emission assessment of 3 kinds of asphalt pavement structure types,the influence degree of design parameters of asphalt pavement layers on the carbon emission characteristics is analyzed.The research contents include:introduction of technology content of LCA,determination of asphalt pavement design parameters and LCA carbon emission assessment parameters,LCA carbon emission assessment of different asphalt pavement structures,analyzing influence of different design parameters on LCA carbon emission characteristics.The research result shows that(1) the influence of carbon emissions in asphalt pavement construction stage on the greenhouse effect is most serious,the proportion reached more that 95%,the proportion of the influence of carbon emissions in production stage on greenhouse effect is the largest;(2) the effect of changing the type of asphalt layer on the carbon emission has could greatly improve the carbon emission in the production stage of asphalt pavement,while the effect of changing the thickness of asphalt on carbon emission is to has almost the same proportion of carbon emission in each stage.In the present era background,building a green,low carbon road is the certain direction of highway industry.It is suggested that the whole life cycle of carbon emissions should be considered in asphalt pavement construction,and the use of new energy should be promoted in asphalt pavement construction to reduce the carbon emission of asphalt pavement.
The indexes of structure performance and economics are applied generally as the main criteria in highway design and construction.But it will produce a lot of carbon gas emissions during the process of road construction,and this environmental influencing index is not considered.Therefore,it is necessary to quantify and analyze the carbon emission in highway construction as a design index,which meets the requirements of the sustainable development strategy.Based on typical asphalt pavement structure of expressway in China,through LCA carbon emission assessment of 3 kinds of asphalt pavement structure types,the influence degree of design parameters of asphalt pavement layers on the carbon emission characteristics is analyzed.The research contents include:introduction of technology content of LCA,determination of asphalt pavement design parameters and LCA carbon emission assessment parameters,LCA carbon emission assessment of different asphalt pavement structures,analyzing influence of different design parameters on LCA carbon emission characteristics.The research result shows that(1) the influence of carbon emissions in asphalt pavement construction stage on the greenhouse effect is most serious,the proportion reached more that 95%,the proportion of the influence of carbon emissions in production stage on greenhouse effect is the largest;(2) the effect of changing the type of asphalt layer on the carbon emission has could greatly improve the carbon emission in the production stage of asphalt pavement,while the effect of changing the thickness of asphalt on carbon emission is to has almost the same proportion of carbon emission in each stage.In the present era background,building a green,low carbon road is the certain direction of highway industry.It is suggested that the whole life cycle of carbon emissions should be considered in asphalt pavement construction,and the use of new energy should be promoted in asphalt pavement construction to reduce the carbon emission of asphalt pavement.
引文
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[11]翟佳.沥青路面再生利用的技术经济效益分析研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.ZHAI Jia.Analysis on Economic Benefic of Asphalt Pavement Recycling Technology[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.
[12]JTG D50—2017,公路沥青路面设计规范[S].JTG D50—2017,Specifications for Design of Highway Asphalt Pavement[S].
[13]高莉,朱浩然,蔡海泉.沥青路面再生技术环境效益定量评价[J].中外公路,2016(4):23-27.GAO Li,ZHU Hao-ran,CAI Hai-quan.Quantitative Evaluation of Regeneration Technology Environment Benefit of Asphalt Pavement[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2016(4):23-27.
[14]石小武,朱浩然,卢勇,等.沥青路面结构与材料的寿命周期决策方法[J].公路,2016(3):28-32.SHI Xiao-wu,ZHU Hao-ran,LU Yong,et al.Life Cycle Decision Methodology for Asphalt Pavement Structures and Material[J].Highway,2016(3):28-32.
[15]李海洋.基于LCA温拌沥青路面建设期节能减排效果及经济性评价[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016.LI Hai-yang.Effect of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Construction of Warm Mix Asphalt Pavement Based on LCA[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016.
[16]朱浩然,蔡海泉,卢勇,等.基于LCA的沥青路面养护能耗测算及软件开发[J].交通建设与管理,2014(22):293-298.ZHU Hao-ran,CAI Hai-quan,LU Yong,et al.Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Energy Consumption Measurement and Software Development Based on LCA[J].Transportation Construction and Management,2014(22):293-298.
[17]田钟维.基于LCA-LCC的再生混凝土环境经济性能评估研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.TIAN Zhong-wei.Evaluation on Economic Performance of Regenerative Concrete Environment Based on LCA-LCC[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.
[18]潘美萍.基于LCA的高速公路能耗与碳排放计算方法研究及应用[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.PAN Mei-ping.Research and Application of Calculation Method of Expressway Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Based on LCA[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2011.
[2]JTG/T B06-02—2007,公路工程预算定额[S].JTG/T B06-02—2007.Highway Engineering Budget Quota[S].
[3]李肖燕.基于LCA的水泥路面与沥青路面环境影响评价[D].南京:东南大学,2015.LI Xiao-yan.Environmental Impact Assessment of Concrete Pavement and Asphalt Pavement Based on LCA[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[4]杨博.沥青路面节能减排量化分析方法及评价体系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.YANG Bo.Quantitative Analysis Method of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Asphalt Pavement and Research of Evaluation System[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2012.
[5]杨博,张争奇,张慧鲜.沥青路面生命周期分析类型的合理选择[J].中外公路,2013(6):357-362.YANG Bo,ZHANG Zheng-qi,ZHANG Hui-xian.Reasonable Selection of Life Cycle Analysis Types of Asphalt Pavement[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2013(6):357-362.
[6]YU B,LU Q.Life Cycle Assessment of Pavement:Methodology and Case Study[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport&Environment,2012,17(5):380-388.
[7]WILLIS J R.Effect of Recycled Materials on Pavement Life-cycle Assessment:A Case Study[C]//Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting.Washington,D.C.:Transportation Research Board,2015.
[8]BUTT A A,BIRGISSON B.Assessment of the Attributes Based Life Cycle Assessment Framework for Road Projects[J].Structure&Infrastructure Engineering,2016,12(9):1177-1184.
[9]HUANG Y,BIRD R,HEIDRICH O.Development of a Life Cycle Assessment Tool for Construction and Maintenance of Asphalt Pavements[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2009,17(2):283-296.
[10]吴爽.基于LCA的热拌与温拌沥青路面环境影响研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.WU Shuang.Study on Impact of Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt Pavements on Environment Based on LCA[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[11]翟佳.沥青路面再生利用的技术经济效益分析研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.ZHAI Jia.Analysis on Economic Benefic of Asphalt Pavement Recycling Technology[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.
[12]JTG D50—2017,公路沥青路面设计规范[S].JTG D50—2017,Specifications for Design of Highway Asphalt Pavement[S].
[13]高莉,朱浩然,蔡海泉.沥青路面再生技术环境效益定量评价[J].中外公路,2016(4):23-27.GAO Li,ZHU Hao-ran,CAI Hai-quan.Quantitative Evaluation of Regeneration Technology Environment Benefit of Asphalt Pavement[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2016(4):23-27.
[14]石小武,朱浩然,卢勇,等.沥青路面结构与材料的寿命周期决策方法[J].公路,2016(3):28-32.SHI Xiao-wu,ZHU Hao-ran,LU Yong,et al.Life Cycle Decision Methodology for Asphalt Pavement Structures and Material[J].Highway,2016(3):28-32.
[15]李海洋.基于LCA温拌沥青路面建设期节能减排效果及经济性评价[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016.LI Hai-yang.Effect of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Construction of Warm Mix Asphalt Pavement Based on LCA[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016.
[16]朱浩然,蔡海泉,卢勇,等.基于LCA的沥青路面养护能耗测算及软件开发[J].交通建设与管理,2014(22):293-298.ZHU Hao-ran,CAI Hai-quan,LU Yong,et al.Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Energy Consumption Measurement and Software Development Based on LCA[J].Transportation Construction and Management,2014(22):293-298.
[17]田钟维.基于LCA-LCC的再生混凝土环境经济性能评估研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.TIAN Zhong-wei.Evaluation on Economic Performance of Regenerative Concrete Environment Based on LCA-LCC[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.
[18]潘美萍.基于LCA的高速公路能耗与碳排放计算方法研究及应用[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.PAN Mei-ping.Research and Application of Calculation Method of Expressway Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Based on LCA[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2011.