海水养殖废水浇灌下不同盐生经济植物生理特征及其比较
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摘要
采用大田试验,研究了无施肥条件下海水浇灌(对照)、1∶1海水养殖废水(1∶1养殖废水处理)、全海水养殖废水(全养殖废水处理)处理以及施肥条件下海水浇灌(施肥处理)对海蓬子和碱蓬植株生长与生理特性的影响。结果表明:1∶1养殖废水处理的植株地上部干重(DW)显著高于对照,但全养殖废水处理植株地上部DW低于对照;施肥处理植株地上部DW明显高于所有对照和其他处理,随着生育期的延长,上述效应愈加明显,尤其体现在碱蓬植株上。与施肥处理相比,两配比养殖废水灌溉抑制了2种植物生长,降低了植株地上部氮磷(NP)含量、叶绿素含量(CHL)含量和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量,并随养殖废水配比上升而降低越显著;相反,2种植物细胞相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量却随着养殖废水配比的上升而升高,碱蓬的上升比海蓬子更为明显。与对照相比,1∶1养殖废水不同程度提高了2种植物DW、CHL含量、植株地上部NP含量、内肽酶、羧肽酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及SP和游离氨基酸(FAA)含量;并且,随着养殖废水配比的上升,2种植物以上各指标却不同程度地下降。综上所述,1∶1养殖废水处理可有效促进2种植物叶绿素合成,提高SOD、POD活性,降低MDA积累量,减少细胞膜受损,进而加快植株生长,增加NP吸收。2种植物相比,碱蓬对海水养殖废水浓度的生理响应较海蓬子敏感。1∶1养殖废水处理可很大程度上替代肥料的施用,从而降低环境污染。
In the field experiment,Salicornia bigelovii Torr.and Suaeda salsa Linn.were irrigated with seawater irrigation(control),1∶1mariculture wastewater(1∶1mariculture wastewater treatment),whole mariculture wastewater(whole mariculture wastewater treatment)and normal fertilizer application with seawater(fertilizer treatment),and the plant growth and physiological characteristics were studied.The results showed that(1)Compared with the control,1∶1mariculture wastewater irrigation increased aboveground dry weights(DW)of two plants,however whole mariculture wastewater irrigation decreased the aboveground dry weights.DW of plants in fertilizer treatment was obviously more than those in the other treatments and control.The above growth effects became more obvious with the extension of plant growth period,especially in S.salsaplants.(2)Compared with fertilizer treatment,mariculture wastewater irrigation decreased growth of the two plants and reduced contents of nitrogen and phosphorus(NP),chlorophyll(CHL)and soluble protein(SP)in the plant aboveground parts,and decreased more obviously with the in-creasing of the ratio of mariculture wastewater.However,the relative electrical conductivity(REC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased with the increasing of the proportion of mariculture wastewater,and the increase of S.salsa was more obviously.(3)Treatment of 1∶1 mariculture wastewater irrigation increased plant DW and CHL content,NP content of aboveground plant,and increased the activities of antioxidase,endopeptidase,carboxypeptidase,superoxide dismutase(SOD)as well as peroxidase(POD)and contents of SP and free amino acid(FAA)in different degrees.Moreover,with the increasing of the proportion of mariculture wastewater,the above indicators of the two plants decreased in various degrees.To sum up,1∶1mariculture wastewater treatment could effectively promote chlorophyll synthesis in two plants,increase activities of SOD and POD,reduce MDA accumulation,reduce cell membrane damage,accelerate plant growth and increase NP uptake.The physiological response of S.vsalsato the concentration of mariculture wastewater was more sensitive than that of S.bigelovii.The application of 1∶1aquaculture wastewater could largely replace the application of fertilizers,thereby reducing environmental pollution.
In the field experiment,Salicornia bigelovii Torr.and Suaeda salsa Linn.were irrigated with seawater irrigation(control),1∶1mariculture wastewater(1∶1mariculture wastewater treatment),whole mariculture wastewater(whole mariculture wastewater treatment)and normal fertilizer application with seawater(fertilizer treatment),and the plant growth and physiological characteristics were studied.The results showed that(1)Compared with the control,1∶1mariculture wastewater irrigation increased aboveground dry weights(DW)of two plants,however whole mariculture wastewater irrigation decreased the aboveground dry weights.DW of plants in fertilizer treatment was obviously more than those in the other treatments and control.The above growth effects became more obvious with the extension of plant growth period,especially in S.salsaplants.(2)Compared with fertilizer treatment,mariculture wastewater irrigation decreased growth of the two plants and reduced contents of nitrogen and phosphorus(NP),chlorophyll(CHL)and soluble protein(SP)in the plant aboveground parts,and decreased more obviously with the in-creasing of the ratio of mariculture wastewater.However,the relative electrical conductivity(REC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased with the increasing of the proportion of mariculture wastewater,and the increase of S.salsa was more obviously.(3)Treatment of 1∶1 mariculture wastewater irrigation increased plant DW and CHL content,NP content of aboveground plant,and increased the activities of antioxidase,endopeptidase,carboxypeptidase,superoxide dismutase(SOD)as well as peroxidase(POD)and contents of SP and free amino acid(FAA)in different degrees.Moreover,with the increasing of the proportion of mariculture wastewater,the above indicators of the two plants decreased in various degrees.To sum up,1∶1mariculture wastewater treatment could effectively promote chlorophyll synthesis in two plants,increase activities of SOD and POD,reduce MDA accumulation,reduce cell membrane damage,accelerate plant growth and increase NP uptake.The physiological response of S.vsalsato the concentration of mariculture wastewater was more sensitive than that of S.bigelovii.The application of 1∶1aquaculture wastewater could largely replace the application of fertilizers,thereby reducing environmental pollution.
引文
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[20]赵耕毛,刘兆普,汪辉,等.滨海盐渍区利用异源海水养殖废水灌溉耐盐能源植物(菊芋)研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):107-111.
[21]张亚,常雅军,刘晓静,等.碱蓬对不同盐度富营养化模拟海水的净化效应及其生长特性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(4):34-41.
[22]郑春芳,陈琛,彭益全,等.海水养殖废水灌溉对碱蓬和海蓬子生长和品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(4):663-669.
[23] Kioussis D R,Wheaton F W,Kofinas P.Reactive nitrogen and phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastewater effluents using polymer hydrogels[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2000,23(4):315-332.
[24]赵耕毛,刘兆普,张博,等.北方半湿润滨海地区海水养殖废水灌溉菊芋研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(2):9-12.
[25] Aghaleh M,Niknam V,Ebrahimzadeh H,et al.Antioxidative enzymes in two in vitro cultured Salicornia species in response to increasing salinity[J].Biologia Plantarum,2014,58(2):391-394.
[26] Hameed A,Hussain T,Gulzar S,et al.Salt tolerance of a cash crop halophyte Suaeda fruticosa:Biochemical responses to salt and exogenous chemical treatments[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2012,34(6):2331-2340.
[27] Dai H,Wei S,Twardowska I,et al.Hyperaccumulating potential of Bidens pilosa L.for Cd and elucidation of its translocation behavior based on cell membrane permeability[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(29):23161-23167.
[28] Aghaleh M,Niknam V,Ebrahimzadeh H,et al.Effect of salt stress on physiological and antioxidative responses in two species of Salicornia(S.persicaand S.europaea)[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2011,33(4):1261-1270.
[29] Sui N.Photoinhibition of Suaeda salsa to chilling stress is related to energy dissipation and water-water cycle[J].Photosynthetica,2015,53(2):207-212.
[30]田国忠,李怀方,裘维蕃.植物过氧化物酶研究进展[J].武汉植物学研究,2001,19(4):332-344.
[31]李俊,张春雷,赵懿,等.油菜短柄叶光合衰退及其对产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2011,33(5):464-469.
[32]栗淑媛,马华山,王俊琴,等.低温对螺旋藻可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸外渗的影响[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(6):1195-1198.
[33]王旭东,于振文,王东.钾对小麦旗叶蛋白水解酶活性和籽粒品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):285-289.
[2]沙宏杰,张东,施顺杰,等.基于耦合模型和遥感技术的江苏中部海岸带生态系统健康评价研究[J].生态学报,2018,38(19):7102-7112.
[3] Webb J M,Quint2R,Papadimitriou S,et al.The effect of halophyte planting density on the efficiency of constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater from marine aquaculture[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61(8):145-153.
[4]赵耕毛,刘兆谱,陈铭达,等.海水养殖废水灌溉条件下山东滨海盐土溶质迁移及其平衡研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):80-82,109.
[5] Fountoulakis M,Daskalakis G,Papadaki A,et al.Use of halophytes in pilot-scale horizontal flow constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(20):16682-16689.
[6] Lymbery A J,Kay G D,DoupéR G,et al.The potential of a salt-tolerant plant(Distichlis spicata cv.NyPa Forage)to treat effluent from inland saline aquaculture and provide livestock feed on salt-affected farmland[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,445/446:192-201.
[7] Zhao G,Mehta S K,Liu Z.Use of saline aquaculture wastewater to irrigate salt-tolerant Jerusalem artichoke and sunflower in semiarid coastal zones of China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(12):1987-1993.
[8] Brown J J,Glenn E P,Fitzsimmons K M,et al.Halophytes for the treatment of saline aquaculture effluent[J].Aquaculture,1999,175(3/4):255-268.
[9] Webb J M,Quint2R,Papadimitriou S,et al.Halophyte filter beds for treatment of saline wastewater from aquaculture[J].Water Research,2012,46(16):5102-5114.
[10] Quint2R,Santos R,Thomas D N,et al.Growth and nitrogen uptake by Salicornia europaeaand Aster tripolium in nutrient conditions typical of aquaculture wastewater[J].Chemosphere,2015,120(11):414-421.
[11]顾新娇,杨闯,王文国,等.不同浓度养殖废水对青萍生长能力的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(3):1103-1108.
[12]徐坚,史建磊,王燕,等.不同追肥水平对北美海蓬子生长和产量形成的影响[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(3):415-419.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[14] Tan W,Liu J,Dai T,et al.Alterations in photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity in winter wheat subjected to post-anthesis water-logging[J].Photosynthetica,2008,46(1):21-27.
[15] Wang X,Cai J,Jiang D,et al.Pre-anthesis high-temperature acclimation alleviates damage to the flag leaf caused by post-anthesis heat stress in wheat[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2011,168(6):585-593.
[16]王东,于振文,王旭东.硫素对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质积累的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(6):878-883.
[17] Li M,Wu Y,Yu Z,et al.Nitrogen removal from eutrophic water by floating-bed-grown water spinach(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)with ion implantation[J].Water Research,2007,41(14):3152-3158.
[18]陈娟,谌素娟,李明银,等.萱草对农村养殖废水净化能力的研究[J].北方园艺,2014(6):66-69.
[19] Meng X Q,Zhou J,Sui N.Mechanisms of salt tolerance in halophytes:Current understanding and recent advances[J].Open Life Sciences,2018,13(1):149-154.
[20]赵耕毛,刘兆普,汪辉,等.滨海盐渍区利用异源海水养殖废水灌溉耐盐能源植物(菊芋)研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):107-111.
[21]张亚,常雅军,刘晓静,等.碱蓬对不同盐度富营养化模拟海水的净化效应及其生长特性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(4):34-41.
[22]郑春芳,陈琛,彭益全,等.海水养殖废水灌溉对碱蓬和海蓬子生长和品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(4):663-669.
[23] Kioussis D R,Wheaton F W,Kofinas P.Reactive nitrogen and phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastewater effluents using polymer hydrogels[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2000,23(4):315-332.
[24]赵耕毛,刘兆普,张博,等.北方半湿润滨海地区海水养殖废水灌溉菊芋研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(2):9-12.
[25] Aghaleh M,Niknam V,Ebrahimzadeh H,et al.Antioxidative enzymes in two in vitro cultured Salicornia species in response to increasing salinity[J].Biologia Plantarum,2014,58(2):391-394.
[26] Hameed A,Hussain T,Gulzar S,et al.Salt tolerance of a cash crop halophyte Suaeda fruticosa:Biochemical responses to salt and exogenous chemical treatments[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2012,34(6):2331-2340.
[27] Dai H,Wei S,Twardowska I,et al.Hyperaccumulating potential of Bidens pilosa L.for Cd and elucidation of its translocation behavior based on cell membrane permeability[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(29):23161-23167.
[28] Aghaleh M,Niknam V,Ebrahimzadeh H,et al.Effect of salt stress on physiological and antioxidative responses in two species of Salicornia(S.persicaand S.europaea)[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2011,33(4):1261-1270.
[29] Sui N.Photoinhibition of Suaeda salsa to chilling stress is related to energy dissipation and water-water cycle[J].Photosynthetica,2015,53(2):207-212.
[30]田国忠,李怀方,裘维蕃.植物过氧化物酶研究进展[J].武汉植物学研究,2001,19(4):332-344.
[31]李俊,张春雷,赵懿,等.油菜短柄叶光合衰退及其对产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2011,33(5):464-469.
[32]栗淑媛,马华山,王俊琴,等.低温对螺旋藻可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸外渗的影响[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(6):1195-1198.
[33]王旭东,于振文,王东.钾对小麦旗叶蛋白水解酶活性和籽粒品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):285-289.