养殖废弃物治理经济绩效及其影响因素——基于北京市养殖场(户)视角
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摘要
养殖废弃物污染严重危害农村环境,但养殖场(户)往往缺乏养殖废弃物治理的积极性,而提高养殖废弃物治理经济绩效会大大提高养殖场(户)的治理积极性,这使得充分了解养殖场(户)的废弃物治理经济绩效及其影响因素显得尤为重要。本文运用DEA-Tobit两阶段模型分析北京市2017年调研数据,对养殖废弃物治理经济绩效进行测算并分析影响因素。研究发现:技术、管理及规模化对养殖废弃物治理的经济绩效有很强的促进作用,且技术与管理的促进作用大于规模化;养殖场(户)负责人偏好经营风险、养殖时间长、选择干清粪进一步选择机械干清、环评意愿强、周边农户施用粪肥积极性高对养殖废弃物治理经济绩效有显著正向影响,养殖场(户)愿意在适量的基础上进一步减少使用抗生素、约束类政策认知水平高对养殖废弃物治理经济绩效有显著负向影响;环境绩效高的养殖废弃物治理行为直接拉低其经济绩效,但能通过稳定社会关系对养殖废弃物治理经济绩效有促进作用。本文结论对提高养殖场(户)的治理积极性,进而提高养殖废弃物治理的环境与社会绩效,促进农业可持续发展具有一定理论和现实意义。
Pollution of livestock and poultry breeding waste seriously endangers the rural environment, but farms often lack the enthusiasm for the treatment of livestock and poultry breeding waste. Improving the economic performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment will greatly improve the enthusiasm of farm owners, therefore it is very important to fully understand the economic performance of the farms and its influencing factors. In this study, we imported the data from the 2017 survey in Beijing to measure the economic performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and analyze the influencing factors using the data envelopment analysis DEA-Tobit model. From the results, we found that technology, management,and scale of waste management all have a strong support for the economic performance, and the supporting roles of technology and management are greater than scale. Other factors that have a significant positive impact on the economic performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment include higher business risk preference, long-term experience in breeding, advanced method of clearing the manure, strong willingness of conducting environmental impact assessment,and high enthusiasm of the surrounding farmers to apply manure. Factors such as farmers' willing to reduce the use of antibiotics on an appropriate basis and the high level of binding policy cognition have a significant negative impact on the economic performance. Although livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment with high environmental performance can directly lower the economic performance of farms, it can also improve social relations. The conclusions of this study have important implications for improving the enthusiasm of farm owners for livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment, thereby improving the environmental and social performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
Pollution of livestock and poultry breeding waste seriously endangers the rural environment, but farms often lack the enthusiasm for the treatment of livestock and poultry breeding waste. Improving the economic performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment will greatly improve the enthusiasm of farm owners, therefore it is very important to fully understand the economic performance of the farms and its influencing factors. In this study, we imported the data from the 2017 survey in Beijing to measure the economic performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and analyze the influencing factors using the data envelopment analysis DEA-Tobit model. From the results, we found that technology, management,and scale of waste management all have a strong support for the economic performance, and the supporting roles of technology and management are greater than scale. Other factors that have a significant positive impact on the economic performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment include higher business risk preference, long-term experience in breeding, advanced method of clearing the manure, strong willingness of conducting environmental impact assessment,and high enthusiasm of the surrounding farmers to apply manure. Factors such as farmers' willing to reduce the use of antibiotics on an appropriate basis and the high level of binding policy cognition have a significant negative impact on the economic performance. Although livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment with high environmental performance can directly lower the economic performance of farms, it can also improve social relations. The conclusions of this study have important implications for improving the enthusiasm of farm owners for livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment, thereby improving the environmental and social performance of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
引文
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[14]王士权,常倩,李秉龙.规模化农户生产经济效率及其影响因素研究:来自肉羊集聚区域的经验证据[J].农林经济管理学报,2017,16(2):230-239.[Wang S Q,Chang Q,Li B L.Production efficiency and influencing factors of scale farmers:Empirical evidence from mutton sheep aggregation region[J].Journal of AgroForestry Economics and Management,2017,16(2):230-239.]
[15]吴振华.不同地形稻谷生产经济效益比较及影响因素分析:基于湖北、湖南、重庆500户稻农调查数据[J].农业技术经济,2011,(9):93-99.[Wu Z H.Comparison of economic benefits of rice production in different terrain areas and analysis of influencing factors:Based on survey data of 500 rice farmers in Hubei,Hunan and Chongqing[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2011,(9):93-99.]
[16]陈庆根,杨万江.中国稻农生产经济效益比较及影响因素分析:基于湖南、浙江两省565户稻农的生产调查[J].中国农村经济,2010,(6):16-24.[Chen Q G,Yang W J.Comparison of economic benefits of rice production in China and analysis of influencing factors:Based on production survey of 565 rice farmers in Hunan and Zhejiang provinces[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2010,(6):16-24.]
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[18]唐丹,黄森慰.农户畜禽粪便资源化利用意愿及影响因素的实证分析[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(11):47-52.[Tang D,Huang S W.Empirical analysis on farmers’willingness to utilize animal manure and its influencing factors[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2017,38(11):47-52.]
[19]蒋琳莉,张俊飚,何可,等.农业生产性废弃物资源处理方式及其影响因素分析:来自湖北省的调查数据[J].资源科学,2014,36(9):1925-1932.[Jiang L L,Zhang J B,He K,et al.Agricultural productive waste resource treatment and influencing factors in rural Hubei[J].Resources Science,2014,36(9):1925-1932.]
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[21]章明奎,徐秋桐.农田系统中兽用抗生素的污染及其行为研究进展[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(2):416-424.[Zhang M K,Xu Q T.Review on pollution and behavior of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural systems[J].Acta Agricultural Zhejiangensis,2013,25(2):416-424.]
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(1)规模化养殖场(户)是猪年出栏大于或等于500头,蛋鸡存栏大于或等于20000羽,肉鸡出栏大于或等于50000羽的养殖场。
(2)相关培训主要由政府或者饲料、兽药等企业组织,一般不收取培训费用,且培训每个月都会有。
(3)根据北京市农业农村局2017年下半年数据。
[2]王咏梅,王鹏程.农业废弃物资源化路径及综合效益分析:基于鄂、豫两省调研数据[J].生态经济,2013,(8):92-95.[Wang YM,Wang P C.The contrast and analysis of comprehensive efficiency on agricultural waste utilization paths[J].Ecological Economy,2013,(8):92-95.]
[3]姜海,白璐,雷昊,等.基于效果-效率-适应性的养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式评价框架构建及初步应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(10):1501-1508.[Jiang H,Bai L,Lei H,et al.An evaluation framework based on effectiveness-economic-applicability analysis for management modes of livestock waste utilization[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(10):1501-1508.]
[4]黄菊文,李光明,王华,等.固体废弃物资源化利用评价体系及研究方法[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(1):74-78.[Huang J W,Li G M,Wang H,et al.Assessment and investigation methodology for solid waste recycling systems[J].Environment Pollution&Control,2007,29(1):74-78.]
[5]李鹏,张俊飚.农业生产废弃物循环利用绩效测度的实证研究:基于三阶段DEA模型的农户基质化管理[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):754-761.[Li P,Zhang J B.Empirical studies of agricultural production waste recycling efficiency:Based on peasant household substrate management with three-stage DEA model[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(4):754-761.]
[6]李鹏,张俊飚,颜廷武.农业废弃物循环利用参与主体的合作博弈及协同创新绩效研究:基于DEA-HR模型的16省份农业废弃物基质化数据验证[J].管理世界,2014,(1):90-104.[Li P,Zhang J B,Yan T W.Agricultural waste recycling participants research on cooperation game and collaborative innovation performance:Verification of matrix data for agricultural waste in 16provinces based on DEA-HR model[J].Management World,2014,(1):90-104.]
[7]杨亦民,王梓龙.湖南工业生态效率评价及影响因素实证分析:基于DEA方法[J].经济地理,2017,37(10):151-156.[Yang Y M,Wang Z L.The empirical analysis of Hunan industrial ecological efficiency evaluation and influencing factors:Based on DEA method[J].Economic Geography,2017,37(10):151-156.]
[8]杨文举.中国省份工业的环境绩效影响因素:基于跨期DEA-Tobit模型的经验分析[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(2):40-48.[Yang W J.The influencing factor of the environmental performance of provincial industry in China:An empirical analysis based on inter-temporal DEA-Tobit model[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition),2015,17(2):40-48.]
[9]戚焦耳,郭贯成,陈永生.农地流转对农业生产效率的影响研究:基于DEA-Tobit模型的分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1816-1824.[Qi J E,Guo G C,Chen Y S.The impact of farmland transfer on agricultural production efficiency based on the DEA-Tobit model[J].Resources Science,2015,37(9):1816-1824.]
[10]石晶,李林.基于DEA-Tobit模型的中国棉花生产技术效率分析[J].技术经济,2013,32(6):79-84.[Shi J,Li L.Analysis on technical efficiency of China’s cotton production based on DEA-Tobit model[J].Technology Economics,2013,32(6):79-84.]
[11]丰军辉,张俊飚,何可.成本限定下农业废弃物循环利用行为研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(4):234-242.[Feng J H,Zhang J B,He K.Empirical study on the impact of cost on agricultural waste recycling behavior[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(4):234-242.]
[12]陈江涛.财政补贴核算的数据来源选择问题:从企业会计处理角度分析[J].中国统计,2012,(10):39-40.[Chen J T.Financial subsidy accounting data source selection problem:Analysis from the perspective of enterprise accounting[J].China Statistics,2012,(10):39-40.]
[13]王晶,肖海峰.中国草食畜牧业标准化规模养殖经济效益影响因素研究:基于微观调研数据的实证分析[J].农业经济与管理,2017,(2):62-70.[Wang J,Xiao H F.Economic benefit affecting factors of herbivorous animal husbandry standardized scale breeding in China:An empirical study based on survey data[J].Agricultural Economics and Management,2017,(2):62-70.]
[14]王士权,常倩,李秉龙.规模化农户生产经济效率及其影响因素研究:来自肉羊集聚区域的经验证据[J].农林经济管理学报,2017,16(2):230-239.[Wang S Q,Chang Q,Li B L.Production efficiency and influencing factors of scale farmers:Empirical evidence from mutton sheep aggregation region[J].Journal of AgroForestry Economics and Management,2017,16(2):230-239.]
[15]吴振华.不同地形稻谷生产经济效益比较及影响因素分析:基于湖北、湖南、重庆500户稻农调查数据[J].农业技术经济,2011,(9):93-99.[Wu Z H.Comparison of economic benefits of rice production in different terrain areas and analysis of influencing factors:Based on survey data of 500 rice farmers in Hubei,Hunan and Chongqing[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2011,(9):93-99.]
[16]陈庆根,杨万江.中国稻农生产经济效益比较及影响因素分析:基于湖南、浙江两省565户稻农的生产调查[J].中国农村经济,2010,(6):16-24.[Chen Q G,Yang W J.Comparison of economic benefits of rice production in China and analysis of influencing factors:Based on production survey of 565 rice farmers in Hunan and Zhejiang provinces[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2010,(6):16-24.]
[17]孙致陆,肖海峰.农牧户羊毛生产技术效率及其影响因素研究:基于内蒙古、新疆等5省份农牧户调查数据的分析[J].农业技术经济,2013,(2):86-94.[Sun Z L,Xiao H F.Study on technical efficiency and influencing factors of wool production by farmers and herdsmen:Based on analysis of survey data of farmers and herdsmen in five provinces,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013,(2):86-94.]
[18]唐丹,黄森慰.农户畜禽粪便资源化利用意愿及影响因素的实证分析[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(11):47-52.[Tang D,Huang S W.Empirical analysis on farmers’willingness to utilize animal manure and its influencing factors[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2017,38(11):47-52.]
[19]蒋琳莉,张俊飚,何可,等.农业生产性废弃物资源处理方式及其影响因素分析:来自湖北省的调查数据[J].资源科学,2014,36(9):1925-1932.[Jiang L L,Zhang J B,He K,et al.Agricultural productive waste resource treatment and influencing factors in rural Hubei[J].Resources Science,2014,36(9):1925-1932.]
[20]潘丹,孔凡斌.养殖户环境友好型畜禽粪便处理方式选择行为分析:以生猪养殖为例[J].中国农村经济,2015,(9):17-29.[Pan D,Kong F B.Analysis on the selection of behaviors of farmers’environment-friendly livestock manure treatment:A case of pig breeding[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2015,(9):17-29.]
[21]章明奎,徐秋桐.农田系统中兽用抗生素的污染及其行为研究进展[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(2):416-424.[Zhang M K,Xu Q T.Review on pollution and behavior of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural systems[J].Acta Agricultural Zhejiangensis,2013,25(2):416-424.]
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(1)规模化养殖场(户)是猪年出栏大于或等于500头,蛋鸡存栏大于或等于20000羽,肉鸡出栏大于或等于50000羽的养殖场。
(2)相关培训主要由政府或者饲料、兽药等企业组织,一般不收取培训费用,且培训每个月都会有。
(3)根据北京市农业农村局2017年下半年数据。