差异伦理视角下的翻译注释研究:《庄子》翻译注释的内容分析
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摘要
本文使用内容分析法从差异伦理的角度对《庄子》的Legge和Watson译本中的注释进行了讨论。首先,根据两个译本的注释类型,建立了包含6个类目的类目分析表,然后由两位编码员进行独立编码,统计出所有注释的类目搭配类型和每个类目的具体频数和比例,在注释类目搭配类型的基础上总结出5种主要的注释方法,最后从差异伦理的视角讨论了翻译注释在彰显中国文化之异上发挥的作用。研究发现,Legge和Watson两位译者在译文正文之外综合使用了5种注释方法,从不同侧面、不同层次为西方读者展现出了色彩缤纷的《庄子》文化,有效地使读者走向了作者,走向了原文。
Content analysis is used to analyze the notes in two English translations of Zhuangzi translated by James Legge and Burton Watson. First of all, based on the notes in the two renderings, a category table consisting of six variables was established. Then all of the notes were codified by two coders independently. Next, the frequencies and percentage of all variable combinations and of each individual variable were calculated, and five annotation methods based on the variable combinations were summarized. At last, the ethics of difference is employed to analyze the role played by the notes in introducing Chinese culture to western readers. It is found that Legge and Watson made comprehensive use of six note types and five annotation methods to exhibit to the western readers colorful Zhuangzi culture from different perspectives and on different level, effectively to bring the readers to the author and the source culture.
Content analysis is used to analyze the notes in two English translations of Zhuangzi translated by James Legge and Burton Watson. First of all, based on the notes in the two renderings, a category table consisting of six variables was established. Then all of the notes were codified by two coders independently. Next, the frequencies and percentage of all variable combinations and of each individual variable were calculated, and five annotation methods based on the variable combinations were summarized. At last, the ethics of difference is employed to analyze the role played by the notes in introducing Chinese culture to western readers. It is found that Legge and Watson made comprehensive use of six note types and five annotation methods to exhibit to the western readers colorful Zhuangzi culture from different perspectives and on different level, effectively to bring the readers to the author and the source culture.
引文
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[2] Appiah,K.A.Thick translation[J].Callaloo,1993(4):808-819.
[3] Arrojo,R.Translators’ code of ethics[A].In C.A.Chapelle(ed.).The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics[C].Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2013:5945-5948.
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[11]Müller,M.(ed.).J.Legge,Trans.The Sacred Books of the East(Vol.40)[M].London:Oxford University Press,1891b.
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[18]Venuti,L.Rethinking Transaltion:Discourse,Subjectivity,Ideology[M].London and New York:Routledge,1992.
[19]Venuti,L.The Translator’s Invisibility[M].London and New York:Routledge,1995.
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[21]Wilss,W.The Science of Translation:Problems and Methods[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
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[23]Zhang,M.Annotation and adaptation:A case study of a Chinese translation of Joyce’s Ulysses[J].Translation Quarterly,2012(64):32-54.
[24]Zhuangzi.The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu[M].B.Watson,Trans.New York:Columbia University Press,1968.
[25]Zhuangzi.The Complete Works of Zhuangzi[M].B.Watson,Trans.New York:Columbia University Press,2013.
[26]李红霞,张政.“Thick translation”研究20年:回顾与展望[J].上海翻译,2015(2):34-39.
[27]林云铭.庄子因[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011.
[28]吕兆芳,刘军平.异化策略视域下译者主体性研究——以《受话》的词汇英译为例[J].西安外国语大学学报,2019(1):91-95.
[29]彭增军.媒介内容分析法[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[30]滕雄,文军.理雅各《诗经》三种英译版本的副文本研究[J].外语教学,2017(3):79-85.
[31]王海明.伦理学方法[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[32]王辉.理雅各与《中国经典》[J].中国翻译,2003(2):37-41.
[33]王雪明.操控下的阻抗式归化翻译——以《学衡》华兹华斯一诗多译为例[J].外语教学理论与实践,2008(4):64-70.
[34]徐敏慧.厚译理论渊源与实践意义[J].翻译季刊,2014(73):58-72.
[35]张广法,文军.翻译注释对庄子形象的社会建构研究——翻译注释的内容分析[J].外语研究,2018a(2):71-77,93.
[36]张广法,文军.汉语古诗英译注释策略研究[J].外国语文,2018b(6):1-12.
[37]周领顺,强卉.“厚译”究竟有多厚?——西方翻译理论批评与反思之一[J].外语与外语教学,2016(6):103-112,150.
(1)“Thick translation”还译作“深度翻译”、“厚翻译”、“厚重翻译”和“丰厚翻译”等(李红霞、张政2015)。
(2)详见联合国教科文组织官网:All works translated and published with UNESCO’s support since 1948[OL].http://www.unesco.org/culture/lit/rep/index.php
(3)“乎”字理雅各采用林云铭的读法,认为应该读作“平”,林云铭(2011:35)《庄子因》对这句的解释为“死者以国量,平泽若蕉”:言死者如平泽之蕉,蕴崇相积也。
[2] Appiah,K.A.Thick translation[J].Callaloo,1993(4):808-819.
[3] Arrojo,R.Translators’ code of ethics[A].In C.A.Chapelle(ed.).The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics[C].Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2013:5945-5948.
[4] Barbara,M.Ethics:Theory and Contemporary Issues[M].Stamford:Wadsworth Publishing,2001.
[5] Berman,A.Translation and the trials of the foreign[A].In L.Venuti(ed.).The Translation Studies Reader (2nd edn.)[C].London and New York:Routledge,2004:284-297.
[6] Cheung,M.P.Y.On thick translation as a model of cultural representation[A].In D.Kenny & K.Ryou(eds.).Across Boundaries:International Perspectives on Translation Studies[C].Newcastle:Cambridge Scholars Publishing,2007:22-36.
[7] Hermans,T.Translation,ethics and politics[A].In J.Munday(ed.).The Routledge Companion to Translation (2nd edn.)[C].London and New York:Routledge,2009:93-105.
[8] Kirkley,L.The question of language:Postcolonial translation in the bilingual collections of Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill and Paul Muldoon[J].Translation Studies,2013(3):277-292.
[9] Lewis,P.The measure of translation effects[A].In L.Venuti(ed.).The Translation Studies Reader (2nd edn.)[C].London and New York:Routledge,2004:264-283.
[10]Müller,M.(ed.).J.Legge,Trans.The Sacred Books of the East(Vol.39)[M].London:Oxford University Press,1891a.
[11]Müller,M.(ed.).J.Legge,Trans.The Sacred Books of the East(Vol.40)[M].London:Oxford University Press,1891b.
[12]Prince,G.A Dictionary of Narratology[M].London:University of Nebraska Press,2003.
[13]Osborn,N.Basic types of footnotes for old testament translations[J].The Bible Translator,1982(4):414-418.
[14]Paloposki,O.The translator’s footprints[A].In T.Kinnunen & K.Koskinen(eds.).Tampere Studies in Language,Translation and Culture:Translators’ Agency (Vol.Series B4)[C].Tampere:Tampere University Press,2010:86-107.
[15]Shamma,T.The exotic dimension of foreignizing strategies[J].The Translator,2005(1):51-67.
[16]Tymoczko,M.Translation in Postcolonial Context—Early Irish Literature in Translation[M].Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing,1999.
[17]Varney,J.Taboo and the translator:A survey of translators’ notes in Italian translations of Anglo-American fiction,1945-2005[A].In A.Pym & A.Perekrestenko(eds.).Translation Research Projects 1[C].Tarragona:International Studies Group,2008:47-57.
[18]Venuti,L.Rethinking Transaltion:Discourse,Subjectivity,Ideology[M].London and New York:Routledge,1992.
[19]Venuti,L.The Translator’s Invisibility[M].London and New York:Routledge,1995.
[20]Venuti,L.The Scandals of Translation:Towards an Ethics of Difference[M].London and New York:Routledge,1998.
[21]Wilss,W.The Science of Translation:Problems and Methods[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
[22]Wyke,B.V.Ethichs and translation[A].In Y.Gambier & L.V.Doorslaer(eds.).Handbook of Translation Studies (Vol.1)[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2010:111-115.
[23]Zhang,M.Annotation and adaptation:A case study of a Chinese translation of Joyce’s Ulysses[J].Translation Quarterly,2012(64):32-54.
[24]Zhuangzi.The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu[M].B.Watson,Trans.New York:Columbia University Press,1968.
[25]Zhuangzi.The Complete Works of Zhuangzi[M].B.Watson,Trans.New York:Columbia University Press,2013.
[26]李红霞,张政.“Thick translation”研究20年:回顾与展望[J].上海翻译,2015(2):34-39.
[27]林云铭.庄子因[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011.
[28]吕兆芳,刘军平.异化策略视域下译者主体性研究——以《受话》的词汇英译为例[J].西安外国语大学学报,2019(1):91-95.
[29]彭增军.媒介内容分析法[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[30]滕雄,文军.理雅各《诗经》三种英译版本的副文本研究[J].外语教学,2017(3):79-85.
[31]王海明.伦理学方法[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[32]王辉.理雅各与《中国经典》[J].中国翻译,2003(2):37-41.
[33]王雪明.操控下的阻抗式归化翻译——以《学衡》华兹华斯一诗多译为例[J].外语教学理论与实践,2008(4):64-70.
[34]徐敏慧.厚译理论渊源与实践意义[J].翻译季刊,2014(73):58-72.
[35]张广法,文军.翻译注释对庄子形象的社会建构研究——翻译注释的内容分析[J].外语研究,2018a(2):71-77,93.
[36]张广法,文军.汉语古诗英译注释策略研究[J].外国语文,2018b(6):1-12.
[37]周领顺,强卉.“厚译”究竟有多厚?——西方翻译理论批评与反思之一[J].外语与外语教学,2016(6):103-112,150.
(1)“Thick translation”还译作“深度翻译”、“厚翻译”、“厚重翻译”和“丰厚翻译”等(李红霞、张政2015)。
(2)详见联合国教科文组织官网:All works translated and published with UNESCO’s support since 1948[OL].http://www.unesco.org/culture/lit/rep/index.php
(3)“乎”字理雅各采用林云铭的读法,认为应该读作“平”,林云铭(2011:35)《庄子因》对这句的解释为“死者以国量,平泽若蕉”:言死者如平泽之蕉,蕴崇相积也。