女性旅游风险感知维度研究
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摘要
随着女性旅游规模和女性旅游市场的快速增长,女性出游风险问题日益凸显,已成为阻碍女性旅游市场发展的一个重要制约因素,对其风险感知维度进行探究尤为重要。基于此,本文以女性旅游者为研究对象,通过问卷调研搜集数据,采用探索性因子分析等方法深入剖析其旅游风险感知维度。结果表明,女性旅游风险感知维度包括7个方面,分别是服务质量风险、身体风险、财务风险、心理风险、社会风险、设施风险和功能风险,这7个维度阐释了女性在出游前、出游中所面临的各种潜在风险。本研究在理论上丰富女性旅游风险的研究成果和理论体系,加深对旅游风险与性别研究的理解;在实践上为旅游企业、旅游目的地等开发女性旅游市场、设计旅游产品和服务等提供切实可操作的建议与对策。
With the rapid development of female's tourism scale and market,the problem of female's travel risk has become increasingly prominent,which has become an important constraint factor hindering the development of female's tourism market.It is particularly important to explore their risk perception dimension.Based on this,this paper takes female tourists as the research object and through questionnaires to collect data,and uses exploratory factor analysis to analyze the dimensions of their tourism risk perception.The results show that there are seven dimensions of female tourism risk perception,namely service quality risk,physical risk,financial risk,psychological risk,social risk,facility risk and functional risk.These seven dimensions explain the potential risks female face before and during travel.This study enriches the research and the theoretical system of female tourism risk in theory,and deepens the understanding of tourism risk and gender research.In practice,it provides practical suggestions and countermeasures for tourism enterprises and tourist destinations to develop female's tourism market and design tourism products and services.
With the rapid development of female's tourism scale and market,the problem of female's travel risk has become increasingly prominent,which has become an important constraint factor hindering the development of female's tourism market.It is particularly important to explore their risk perception dimension.Based on this,this paper takes female tourists as the research object and through questionnaires to collect data,and uses exploratory factor analysis to analyze the dimensions of their tourism risk perception.The results show that there are seven dimensions of female tourism risk perception,namely service quality risk,physical risk,financial risk,psychological risk,social risk,facility risk and functional risk.These seven dimensions explain the potential risks female face before and during travel.This study enriches the research and the theoretical system of female tourism risk in theory,and deepens the understanding of tourism risk and gender research.In practice,it provides practical suggestions and countermeasures for tourism enterprises and tourist destinations to develop female's tourism market and design tourism products and services.
引文
[1]Yang,E.C.L.,Khoo-Lattimore,C.,and Arcodia,C.A Systematic Literature Review of Risk and Gender Research in Tourism[J].Tourism Management,2017,(58):89-100.
[2]Park,K.,and Reisinger,Y.Differences in the Perceived Influence of Natural Disasters and Travel Risk on International Travel[J].Tourism Geographies,2010,12(1):1-24.
[3]范向丽.国内女性旅游研究述评[J].华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014,(4):48-54.
[4]Kozak,M.,Crotts,J.C.,and Law,R.The Impact of the Perception of Risk on International Travellers[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2007,9(4):233-242.
[5]许晖,许守任,王睿智.消费者旅游感知风险维度识别及差异分析[J].旅游学刊,2013,(12):71-80.
[6]Cetins觟z,B.C.,and Ege,Z.Impacts of Perceived Risks on Tourists’Revisit Intentions[J].International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research,2013,24(2):173-187.
[7]Bauer,R.A.Consumer Behavior as Risk Taking[M].In R.S.Hancock(Ed.)Dynamic Marketing for a Changing World.Chicago,IL:American Marketing Association,1960:389-398.
[8]Lepp,A.,and Gibson,H.Tourist Roles,Perceived Risk and International Tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2003,30(3):606-624.
[9]Moutinho,L.Consumer Behaviour in Tourism[J].European Journal of Marketing,1987,21(10):5-44.
[10]章杰宽.国内旅游者西藏旅游风险认知研究[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(6):111-118.
[11]Chang,S.Y.Australians’Holiday Decisions in China:A Study Combining Novelty-Seeking and Risk-Perception Behaviors[J].Journal of China Tourism Research,2009,5(4):364-387.
[12]Mitchell,V.W,and Greatorex,M.Risk Perception and Reduction in the Purchase of Consumer Services[J].The Service Industries Journal,1993,13(4):179-200.
[13]Williams,A.M.,and Balalz,V.Tourism,Risk Tolerance and Competences:Travel Organization and Tourism Hazards[J].Tourism Management,2013,(35):209-221.
[14]Pizam,A.,and Jeong,G.H.Cross-cultural Tourist Behavior:Perceptions of Korean Tour-guides[J].Tourism Management,1996,17(4):277-286.
[15]吴国清.城市居民出境旅游风险感知维度选划---以上海市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,(1):109-114.
[16]李艳,严艳,贠欣.赴西藏旅游风险感知研究---基于风险放大效应理论模型[J].地域研究与开发,2014,(3):97-101.
[17]Tsaur,S.,Tzeng,G.,and Wang,K.Evaluating Tourist Risks from Fussy Perspectives[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1997,24(4):796-812.
[18]Artu g er,S.The Effect of Risk Perceptions on Tourists’Revisit Intentions[J].European Journal of Business and Management,2015,7(2):36-43.
[19]An,M.,Lee,C.,and Noh Y.Risk Factors at the Travel Destination:Their Impact on Air Travel Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention[J].Service Business,2010,4(2):155-166.
[20]Sohn,H.K.,Lee,T.J.,and Yoon,Y.S.Relationship Between Perceived Risk,Evaluation,Satisfaction,and Behavioral Intention:A Case of Local-Festival Visitors[J].Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2016,33(1):28-45.
[21]Hasan,M.K.,Ismail,A.R.,and Islam M.F.Tourist Risk Perceptions and Revisit Intention:A Critical Review of Literature[J].Cogent Business&Management,2017,4(1):1-21.
[22]Atila,Y.,and Fisun,Y.Shopping Risk Perceptions:Effects on Tourists’Emotions,Satisfaction and Expressed Loyalty Intentions[J].Tourism Management,2007,28(3):703-713.
[23]Cui,F.,Liu,Y.,Chang,Y.,Duan,J.,and Li,J.An Overview of Tourism Risk Perception[J].Natural Hazards,2016,(82):643-658.
[24]Fuchs,G.,and Reichel,A.An Exploratory Inquiry into Destination Risk Perceptions and Risk Reduction Strategies of First Time vs.Repeat Visitors to a Highly Volatile Destination[J].Tourism Management,2011,32(2):266-276.
[25]Carr,N.An Exploratory Study of Gendered Differences in Young Tourists Perception of Danger Within London[J].Tourism Management,2001,22(5):565-570.
[26]Brown,L.,and Osman,H.The Female Tourist Experience in Egypt as an Islamic Destination[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2017,(63):12-22.
[27]Berdychevsky,L.,and Gibson,J.Sex and Risk in Young Women’s Tourist Experiences:Context,Likelihood,and Consequences[J].Tourism Management,2015,(51):78-90.
[28]郑向敏,范向丽.女性旅游安全研究进展与启示[J].人文地理,2008,(3):102-108.
[29]范云峰.女性旅游安全需求与消费行为研究[J].湖北社会科学,2011,(8):95-97.
[30]Reisinger,Y.,and Mavondo,F.Cultural Differences in Travel Risk Perception[J].Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2006,20(1):13-31.
[31]Green,E.,and Singleton,C.Risky Bodies at Leisure:Young Women Negotiating Space and Place[J].Sociology,2006,40(5):853-871.
[2]Park,K.,and Reisinger,Y.Differences in the Perceived Influence of Natural Disasters and Travel Risk on International Travel[J].Tourism Geographies,2010,12(1):1-24.
[3]范向丽.国内女性旅游研究述评[J].华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014,(4):48-54.
[4]Kozak,M.,Crotts,J.C.,and Law,R.The Impact of the Perception of Risk on International Travellers[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2007,9(4):233-242.
[5]许晖,许守任,王睿智.消费者旅游感知风险维度识别及差异分析[J].旅游学刊,2013,(12):71-80.
[6]Cetins觟z,B.C.,and Ege,Z.Impacts of Perceived Risks on Tourists’Revisit Intentions[J].International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research,2013,24(2):173-187.
[7]Bauer,R.A.Consumer Behavior as Risk Taking[M].In R.S.Hancock(Ed.)Dynamic Marketing for a Changing World.Chicago,IL:American Marketing Association,1960:389-398.
[8]Lepp,A.,and Gibson,H.Tourist Roles,Perceived Risk and International Tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2003,30(3):606-624.
[9]Moutinho,L.Consumer Behaviour in Tourism[J].European Journal of Marketing,1987,21(10):5-44.
[10]章杰宽.国内旅游者西藏旅游风险认知研究[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(6):111-118.
[11]Chang,S.Y.Australians’Holiday Decisions in China:A Study Combining Novelty-Seeking and Risk-Perception Behaviors[J].Journal of China Tourism Research,2009,5(4):364-387.
[12]Mitchell,V.W,and Greatorex,M.Risk Perception and Reduction in the Purchase of Consumer Services[J].The Service Industries Journal,1993,13(4):179-200.
[13]Williams,A.M.,and Balalz,V.Tourism,Risk Tolerance and Competences:Travel Organization and Tourism Hazards[J].Tourism Management,2013,(35):209-221.
[14]Pizam,A.,and Jeong,G.H.Cross-cultural Tourist Behavior:Perceptions of Korean Tour-guides[J].Tourism Management,1996,17(4):277-286.
[15]吴国清.城市居民出境旅游风险感知维度选划---以上海市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,(1):109-114.
[16]李艳,严艳,贠欣.赴西藏旅游风险感知研究---基于风险放大效应理论模型[J].地域研究与开发,2014,(3):97-101.
[17]Tsaur,S.,Tzeng,G.,and Wang,K.Evaluating Tourist Risks from Fussy Perspectives[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1997,24(4):796-812.
[18]Artu g er,S.The Effect of Risk Perceptions on Tourists’Revisit Intentions[J].European Journal of Business and Management,2015,7(2):36-43.
[19]An,M.,Lee,C.,and Noh Y.Risk Factors at the Travel Destination:Their Impact on Air Travel Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention[J].Service Business,2010,4(2):155-166.
[20]Sohn,H.K.,Lee,T.J.,and Yoon,Y.S.Relationship Between Perceived Risk,Evaluation,Satisfaction,and Behavioral Intention:A Case of Local-Festival Visitors[J].Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2016,33(1):28-45.
[21]Hasan,M.K.,Ismail,A.R.,and Islam M.F.Tourist Risk Perceptions and Revisit Intention:A Critical Review of Literature[J].Cogent Business&Management,2017,4(1):1-21.
[22]Atila,Y.,and Fisun,Y.Shopping Risk Perceptions:Effects on Tourists’Emotions,Satisfaction and Expressed Loyalty Intentions[J].Tourism Management,2007,28(3):703-713.
[23]Cui,F.,Liu,Y.,Chang,Y.,Duan,J.,and Li,J.An Overview of Tourism Risk Perception[J].Natural Hazards,2016,(82):643-658.
[24]Fuchs,G.,and Reichel,A.An Exploratory Inquiry into Destination Risk Perceptions and Risk Reduction Strategies of First Time vs.Repeat Visitors to a Highly Volatile Destination[J].Tourism Management,2011,32(2):266-276.
[25]Carr,N.An Exploratory Study of Gendered Differences in Young Tourists Perception of Danger Within London[J].Tourism Management,2001,22(5):565-570.
[26]Brown,L.,and Osman,H.The Female Tourist Experience in Egypt as an Islamic Destination[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2017,(63):12-22.
[27]Berdychevsky,L.,and Gibson,J.Sex and Risk in Young Women’s Tourist Experiences:Context,Likelihood,and Consequences[J].Tourism Management,2015,(51):78-90.
[28]郑向敏,范向丽.女性旅游安全研究进展与启示[J].人文地理,2008,(3):102-108.
[29]范云峰.女性旅游安全需求与消费行为研究[J].湖北社会科学,2011,(8):95-97.
[30]Reisinger,Y.,and Mavondo,F.Cultural Differences in Travel Risk Perception[J].Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2006,20(1):13-31.
[31]Green,E.,and Singleton,C.Risky Bodies at Leisure:Young Women Negotiating Space and Place[J].Sociology,2006,40(5):853-871.