外部短路冲击下瓦斯保护动作性能研究
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摘要
作为变压器的非电量主保护,瓦斯保护动作可靠性一直处于较低水平。近年来,外部短路冲击下瓦斯继电器误动跳闸的事故屡次发生,威胁变压器运行效率。为揭示瓦斯保护误动的本质原因,从绕组发热和振动入手,仿真研究了短路穿越电流对变压器内部油流和瓦斯保护的影响。为研究短路电流热效应对变压器内部油流的影响,采用有限体积法仿真计算了外部故障状态下变压器内部热场与流场耦合作用下的散热过程及流场变化。为分析绕组振动对油流的影响,仿真计算了外部短路情况下绕组的动态电磁力及振动位移,考虑流固耦合作用,计算求解了绕组振动引起的流场变化。结果表明,部件发热对变压器内部油流的驱动是持续性的,但短路电流的热效应对油流的驱动尚不足以引起瓦斯保护误动;绕组振动对油流的冲击更强烈且迅速,可能导致瓦斯保护误动。外部短路冲击下变压器的瞬态热场及流场的仿真计算分析在国内外均属首次开展,相关研究方法及结果可为瓦斯保护性能改进及提高提供参考依据。
As the main non-electricity protection of power transformers,gas protection is not reliable enough. Themaloperation accident of gas protection occurs frequently during external short-circuit faults in recent years,whichdamages operation efficiency of transformers. Two factors which may result in the oil surging,namely heating and vi-bration of transformer components,are considered to analyze the influence of external short-circuit current on gasprotection. The simulation of heat generating and dissipating in the transformers under the fault state is conducted bythe flow field analysis method based on the finite volume method(FVM),and the simulation of the winding vibrationeffect on transformer oil is also conducted. The results show that transformer oil flow is driven continuously but notdrastically by the heat generated during the external short-circuit fault. The heat effect of external short-circuit faultsis not strong enough to lead to maloperation of gas protection. However,the winding vibration resulted from externalshort-circuit current has more drastic and rapid influence on transformer oil flow,which may lead to maloperation of gas relay.
As the main non-electricity protection of power transformers,gas protection is not reliable enough. Themaloperation accident of gas protection occurs frequently during external short-circuit faults in recent years,whichdamages operation efficiency of transformers. Two factors which may result in the oil surging,namely heating and vi-bration of transformer components,are considered to analyze the influence of external short-circuit current on gasprotection. The simulation of heat generating and dissipating in the transformers under the fault state is conducted bythe flow field analysis method based on the finite volume method(FVM),and the simulation of the winding vibrationeffect on transformer oil is also conducted. The results show that transformer oil flow is driven continuously but notdrastically by the heat generated during the external short-circuit fault. The heat effect of external short-circuit faultsis not strong enough to lead to maloperation of gas protection. However,the winding vibration resulted from externalshort-circuit current has more drastic and rapid influence on transformer oil flow,which may lead to maloperation of gas relay.
引文
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[22]闫晨光,张保会,郝治国,等.电力变压器油箱内部故障压力特征建模及仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):179-185.YAN Chenguang,ZHANG Baohui,HAO Zhiguo,et al.Modeling and simulation of pressure characteristics of pow-er transformer tanks’internal faults[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):179-185.
[23]王秀春,陶军普.大型自然油循环导向冷却变压器温度场研究[J].变压器,2008,45(7):6-10.WANG Xiuchun,TAO Junpu. Temperature field research of large forced-directed oil cooling transformer[J]. Transformer,2008,45(7):6-10.
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[2] IEEE guide for protecting power transformers:IEEE Standard C37.91—2008[S]. 2008:44-45.
[3]张保会,尹项根.电力系统继电保护[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:166.ZHANG Baohui,YIN Xianggen. Power system protective relaying[M]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005:166.
[4]广东电网有限责任公司.三菱主变重瓦斯误动综合分析[R].广州:广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院,2011:13-14.Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd.. Analysis of heavy gas protection maloperation of MITSUBI main transformer[R].Guangzhou:Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,2011:13-14.
[5]傅晨钊,汲胜昌,王世山,等.变压器绕组温度场的二维数值计算[J].高电压技术,2002,28(5):10-12.FU Chenzhao,JI Shengchang,WANG Shishan,et al. 2D numerical calculation of temperature field of winding in transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(5):10-12.
[6]江淘莎,李剑,陈伟根,等.油浸式变压器绕组热点温度计算的热路模型[J].高电压技术,2009,35(7):1635-1640.JIANG Taosha,LI Jian,CHEN Weigen,et al. Thermal model for hot spot temperature calculation in oil-immersed transformers[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(7):1635-1640.
[7]王丰华,周翔,高沛,等.基于绕组热分布的改进油浸式变压器绕组热点温度计算模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(3):895-901.WANG Fenghua,ZHOU Xiang,GAO Pei,et al. Improved thermal circuit model of hot spot temperature in oil-immersed transformers based on heat distribution of winding[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(3):895-901.
[8]王永强,马伦,律方成,等.基于有限差分和有限体积法相结合的油浸式变压器三维温度场计算[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3179-3185.WANG Yongqiang,MA Lun,LYU Fangcheng,et al. Calculation of 3D temperature field of oil immersed transformer by the combination of the finite element and finite volume method[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3179-3185.
[9]涂惟民,崔国民,李瑜,等.油浸式变压器内部流场模拟及在线故障预测方法[J].电网技术,2010,34(5):195-200.TU Weimin,CUI Guomin,LI Yu,et al. Internal streaming simulation of oil-immersed transformers and on-line fault prediction method[J]. Power System Technology,2010,34(5):195-200.
[10]杜莉,王秀春.油浸式变压器内流场和温度场的数值模拟研究[J].变压器,2012,49(1):19-22.DU Li,WANG Xiuchun. Numerical simulation research on inner flow and temperature fields in oil-immersed transformer[J]. Transformer,2012,49(1):19-22.
[11]刘永志,李岩,井永腾.基于Fluent软件的电力变压器温度场计算与分析[J].高压电器,2012,48(10):6-11.LIU Yongzhi,LI Yan,JING Yongteng. Calculation and analysis of temperature field of power transformer Based on Software Fluent[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(10):6-11.
[12] TAGHIKHANI M A,GHOLAMI A. Temperature distribution in ONAN power transformer windings with finite element method[J]. European Transactions on Electrical Power,2009,19(5):718-730.
[13]江淘莎.基于底层油温的油浸式变压器热点估计方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009:43-45.JIANG Taosha. Study on estimating method of hottest spot temperature in oil-immersed transformers[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University,2009:43-45.
[14]王晓莺,王建民,杨俊海.变压器故障与监测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:33-34.WANG Xiaoying,WANG Jianmin,YANG Junhai. Fault analysis and monitoring of transformer[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2004:33-34.
[15]冯慈璋,马西奎.工程电磁场导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:55-57.FENG Cizhang,MA Xikui. An introduction to engineering electromagnetic fields[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:55-57.
[16]谢毓城.电力变压器手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:163-172.XIE Yucheng. Power transformer handbook[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2003:163-172.
[17]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:63-65.XU Zhilun. Theory of elastic mechanics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,1990:63-65.
[18]吴永礼.计算固体力学方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:81-83.WU Yongli. Computational solid mechanics methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:81-83.
[19]闫振华,马波,马飞越,等. 220 k V电力变压器短路动力学性能分析[J].高压电器,2014,50(3):79-83.YAN Zhenhua,MA Bo,MA Feiyue,et al. Dynamic performance analysis of winding for 220 kV power transformer with short circuit[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2014,50(3):79-83.
[20]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].第2版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001:103-105.TAO Wenquan. Numerical heat transfer[M]. 2nd ed. Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,2001:103-105.
[21]高学平.高等流体力学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005:47-49.GAO Xueping. Advanced fluid mechanics[M]. Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,2005:47-49.
[22]闫晨光,张保会,郝治国,等.电力变压器油箱内部故障压力特征建模及仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):179-185.YAN Chenguang,ZHANG Baohui,HAO Zhiguo,et al.Modeling and simulation of pressure characteristics of pow-er transformer tanks’internal faults[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):179-185.
[23]王秀春,陶军普.大型自然油循环导向冷却变压器温度场研究[J].变压器,2008,45(7):6-10.WANG Xiuchun,TAO Junpu. Temperature field research of large forced-directed oil cooling transformer[J]. Transformer,2008,45(7):6-10.
[24]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.变压器用储油柜:JB/T 6484—2005[S].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.National Development and Reform Commission. Oil conservator for transformers:JB/T 6484—2005[S]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2005.
[25]中华人民共和国国家能源局.电力变压器检修导则:DL/T 573—2010[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.National Energy Administration. Maintenance guide for power transformers:DL/T 573—2010[S]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2010.
[26]中华人民共和国国家能源局.气体继电器检验规程:DL/T 540—2013[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.National Energy Administration. Rules for the inspection of buchholz relay:DL/T 540—2013[S]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2014.