宁夏南部山区回族、汉族围绝经期女性围绝经期综合征特点及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的分析宁夏南部山区汉族、回族围绝经期女性围绝经期的特点,了解其影响因素,为宁夏农村围绝经期女性预防保健提供依据。方法采取多阶段抽样方法,选择宁夏南部山区2个县,每个县2个乡,每个乡2个村(其中有1个纯回族村)。对40～55岁女性395例进行问卷调查,根据改良Kuppermonn量化评分表对其症状进行评分,并对围绝经期综合征的影响因素进行分析。结果 395名女性中发生围绝经综合征162例,围绝经期综合征检出率为41. 0%,其中轻度63例,占15. 9%;中度91例,占23. 1%,重度8例,占2. 1%;回族194人检出100例,检出率51. 5%;汉族201人检出62例,占30. 8%,回族女性围绝经期综合征发生率明显高于汉族(P <0. 05)。回族女性年龄≤50岁(44. 33%),文化程度初中及以下(50. 52%),收入≤2 000元(51. 03%),初次月经年龄> 13岁(44. 85%),初次怀孕年龄≤23岁(45. 88%),孕次、产次3次以上(50. 52%、49. 48%)的检出率均高于汉族(P <0. 05);围绝经期女性围绝经期综合征症状汉族前5位分别是失眠、潮热出汗、焦躁、抑郁、疲乏无力,回族分别是头晕、疲乏无力、潮热出汗、焦躁、抑郁。产次、吃甜食、吃奶类豆类及其制品成为围绝经期综合征的影响因素。结论针对农村回族、汉族围绝经期女性围绝经期综合征特点,对此类人群进行健康教育和重点干预,以提高农村女性自我保健意识。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of perimenopausal women in Ningxia rural areas,and to know its influencing factors,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and health care of women in perimenopausal period in Ningxia. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was adopted and selected two counties in mountainous area of southern Ningxia,two townships in each county,two villages in each township( including one village with all Hui nationalities). 395 women aged 40-55 were investigated by questionnaire and the scores were evaluated according to the modified Kuppermonn scale,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results There were 162 patients with perimenopausal syndrome in 395 perimenopausal women( 41. 0%). Among the perimenopausal syndrome patients,the mild,moderate and severe perimenopausal syndrome patients was 15. 9%( 63/395),23. 1%( 91/395) and 2. 1%( 8/395),respectively. And the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome was higher in Hui perimenopausal women( 100/194,51. 5%)than that of Han( 62/201,30. 8%)( P < 0. 05). And the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome was higher in Hui perimenopausal women which the women with lower aged women( age ≤50 years old,44. 33%),lower educational women( 50. 52%),lower income women( 51. 03%),first menstrual age less than 13 years old( 44. 85%),lower age at first pregnancy women( age ≤50 years old,45. 88%) and more than three times of pregnancy and births women( 50. 52%,49. 48%)( P < 0. 05). The top five symptoms in Han perimenopausal women were respectively insomnia,hectic fever and sweating,anxiety,depression and fatigue,and the top five symptoms were respectively dizziness,fatigue,hectic fever and sweating,anxiety and depression in Hui perimenopausal women. The risk factors of perimenopausal syndrome were times of delivery,eating sweets,eating milk,beans and their products. Conclusion In view of the characteristics of perimenopausal syndrome in rural menopausal women in Ningxia,health education and key interventions could be carried out for the population to improve perimenopausal women's health awareness.
Objective To analyze the characteristics of perimenopausal women in Ningxia rural areas,and to know its influencing factors,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and health care of women in perimenopausal period in Ningxia. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was adopted and selected two counties in mountainous area of southern Ningxia,two townships in each county,two villages in each township( including one village with all Hui nationalities). 395 women aged 40-55 were investigated by questionnaire and the scores were evaluated according to the modified Kuppermonn scale,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results There were 162 patients with perimenopausal syndrome in 395 perimenopausal women( 41. 0%). Among the perimenopausal syndrome patients,the mild,moderate and severe perimenopausal syndrome patients was 15. 9%( 63/395),23. 1%( 91/395) and 2. 1%( 8/395),respectively. And the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome was higher in Hui perimenopausal women( 100/194,51. 5%)than that of Han( 62/201,30. 8%)( P < 0. 05). And the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome was higher in Hui perimenopausal women which the women with lower aged women( age ≤50 years old,44. 33%),lower educational women( 50. 52%),lower income women( 51. 03%),first menstrual age less than 13 years old( 44. 85%),lower age at first pregnancy women( age ≤50 years old,45. 88%) and more than three times of pregnancy and births women( 50. 52%,49. 48%)( P < 0. 05). The top five symptoms in Han perimenopausal women were respectively insomnia,hectic fever and sweating,anxiety,depression and fatigue,and the top five symptoms were respectively dizziness,fatigue,hectic fever and sweating,anxiety and depression in Hui perimenopausal women. The risk factors of perimenopausal syndrome were times of delivery,eating sweets,eating milk,beans and their products. Conclusion In view of the characteristics of perimenopausal syndrome in rural menopausal women in Ningxia,health education and key interventions could be carried out for the population to improve perimenopausal women's health awareness.
引文
[1]安内新,董子启,李满茹,等.北京某农村社区围绝经期妇女生活质量及其影响因素的调查研究[J].中国现代医生,2017,55(3):120-124.
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[9]周小丹.蒙,汉族围绝经期妇女健康状况及生存质量调查研究[D].通辽:中国博硕士优秀论文集,2015.
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[11]张琛,柳晓琳,李君. 675名围绝经期妇女健康状况及影响因素调查[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(2):270-273,295.
[12]凌艳如.徐州市云龙区女性围绝经期综合征的影响因素[J].社区医学杂志,2016,14(16):22.
[13]刘伟东,杨翌,许雅,等.广州市40-60岁女性的更年期症状及影响因素[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(22):3824-3827.
[14]施凤.苏北部分地区妇女围绝经期综合征与情绪障碍调查分析[J].中国现代医药杂志,2017,19(8):25-27.
[15]张钰华,唐桂兰,李金兰.湘西少数民族围绝经期症状及影响因素的探讨[J].中国实用医药,2011,6(31):248-249.
[16]钟凯,曾祥华,洪爱军,等.深圳市围绝经期女性常见症状及影响因素调查[J].护理研究,2015,29(8):917-920.
[17]李骏驰,章舒,曾琼仙,等.昆明市围绝经期妇女健康状况及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(18):3806-3808.
[18]谢震渊.上海市徐汇区斜土街道地区妇女围绝经期综合征患病状况及影响因素调查[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2014,5(1):74-76.
[19]徐婷,徐静,周小培,等.镇江市女性围绝经期综合征及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(4):588-592.
[20]孙铮,刘风云,郝艳青,等.泰安市妇女膳食结构与围绝经期综合征关系[J].中国公共卫生,2012,12(12):1633-1635.
[2] Ojeda E,Blümel JE,Vallejo MS,et al. Climacteric symptoms in Quechua and Mestizo women from the Andean region of Cusco,Peru:effects of altitude and ethnicity[J]. Maturitas,2014,77(4):356-360.
[3] Matsuo H,Yamanaka R,Senba N,et al. Comparison of menopause healthcare considerations between Japanese and Filipino women living in local communities[J]. The Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences,2012,58(4):99-109.
[4]李诵弦,于传鑫.实用妇科内分泌学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1997:175-179.
[5]乐杰.妇产科学[M].第7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:256-276.
[6] Smolinski D,Wollner D,Orlowski J,et al. A pilot study to examine a combination botanical for the treatment of menopausal symptoms[J]. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,2005,11(3):483-489.
[7]周赞华,王伟杰,朱亚丽,等.丽水地区农村围绝经期妇女健康状况和保健需求研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2012,28:4360-4363.
[8]田丰莲,杨冬梓,张小庄,等.广东地区围绝经期女性健康状况和需求调查[J].第一军医大学学报,2004,24(8):928.
[9]周小丹.蒙,汉族围绝经期妇女健康状况及生存质量调查研究[D].通辽:中国博硕士优秀论文集,2015.
[10]陈长香,李建民,岳静玲,等.河北省妇女围绝经期综合征及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2009,25(10):1168-1170.
[11]张琛,柳晓琳,李君. 675名围绝经期妇女健康状况及影响因素调查[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(2):270-273,295.
[12]凌艳如.徐州市云龙区女性围绝经期综合征的影响因素[J].社区医学杂志,2016,14(16):22.
[13]刘伟东,杨翌,许雅,等.广州市40-60岁女性的更年期症状及影响因素[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(22):3824-3827.
[14]施凤.苏北部分地区妇女围绝经期综合征与情绪障碍调查分析[J].中国现代医药杂志,2017,19(8):25-27.
[15]张钰华,唐桂兰,李金兰.湘西少数民族围绝经期症状及影响因素的探讨[J].中国实用医药,2011,6(31):248-249.
[16]钟凯,曾祥华,洪爱军,等.深圳市围绝经期女性常见症状及影响因素调查[J].护理研究,2015,29(8):917-920.
[17]李骏驰,章舒,曾琼仙,等.昆明市围绝经期妇女健康状况及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(18):3806-3808.
[18]谢震渊.上海市徐汇区斜土街道地区妇女围绝经期综合征患病状况及影响因素调查[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2014,5(1):74-76.
[19]徐婷,徐静,周小培,等.镇江市女性围绝经期综合征及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(4):588-592.
[20]孙铮,刘风云,郝艳青,等.泰安市妇女膳食结构与围绝经期综合征关系[J].中国公共卫生,2012,12(12):1633-1635.