日粮添加糙米和米糠对鹅生长性能、屠宰率及消化道发育的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究日粮添加糙米和米糠对鹅生长性能、屠宰率及消化道发育的影响。选择28日龄体重接近,健康的雄性扬州鹅120只,随机分为3组,每组40只,每个重复10只鹅。对照组饲喂以玉米、豆粕、苜蓿草粉为基础的饲粮:处理1组饲喂以玉米、豆粕、糙米、统糠为基础的日粮;处理2组饲喂以玉米、豆粕、精米和米糠为基础的日粮,试验共进行42 d。结果显示:对照组与处理1组颗粒粒径分布较一致,其中处理2组有更多的颗粒分布在0.45~0.90 mm,分布在0.20~0.45 mm的颗粒较少,处理2组颗粒分布在1.25 mm及以上的颗粒要高于对照组和处理1组。处理2组平均日增重在28~70 d显著高于对照组(P<0.05);处理3组鹅生长全期(28~70 d)平均日增重显著高于对照组和处理1组(P<0.05);处理2、3组鹅生长全期(28~70 d)料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理1组和处理2组显著提高了70 d鹅体重(P<0.05)。日粮添加糙米和米糠对鹅屠宰率、净堂屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组和处理1组相比,处理2组显著降低空肠、回肠和整个小肠的相对重量(P<0.05)。处理1组和处理2组较对照组显著降低了空肠、回肠和整个小肠的长度(P<0.05),而处理2组与对照组较处理1组显著降低了十二指肠、空肠和整个小肠的相对长度(P<0.05)。结果表明:精米+米糠型日粮对鹅消化道相对长度的影响与玉米型日粮一致,但精米+米糠或糙米+统糠型日粮可以提高日增重及降低料重比。精米或糙米+统糠或米糠作为鹅饲料原料具有替代玉米的潜能,同时可以降低饲料成本。
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of brown rice and rice husk feeding on the performance,dressing percentage and digestive tract development of geese from 28 to 70 days of age. A total of 120 geese,28 d old and with similar body weight,were random allotted to 3 groups with 4 replicates of 10 geese. The experimental treatments were as follows :control diet based on ground corn,soybean meal;group 1 diet based on ground corn,soybean meal,ground brown rice and rice husk;group 2 diet based on ground corn,soybean meal,whole brown rice and rice husk. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Results showed that the particle size distributions of the control group and the group 1 were consistent,in which the group 2 had more particles distributed in the range of 0.45 to 0.90 mm,and the particles distributed in the range of 0.20 to 0.45 mm were less,and the particles in the group 2 were distributed at 1.25 mm,the above particles were higher than the control group and the group 1. During the 28 ~ 70 d trial period,no signifi cant difference(P >0.05)was observed in the daily feed intake of geese,but birds receiving the group 2 treatment had the highest(P <0.05)daily weight gain and body weight(70 d),and the lowest(P <0.05)feed conversion ratio. The carcass yield was unaffected by group 1 and 2 treatments(P> 0.05). Birds receiving the group 2 diet had the lowest(P <0.05)relative weights and lengths of the jejunum,ileum and small intestine. The fi ndings of this study suggest that brown rice and rice husk are good ingredients in geese diet which have positive effects on body weight,daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of brown rice and rice husk feeding on the performance,dressing percentage and digestive tract development of geese from 28 to 70 days of age. A total of 120 geese,28 d old and with similar body weight,were random allotted to 3 groups with 4 replicates of 10 geese. The experimental treatments were as follows :control diet based on ground corn,soybean meal;group 1 diet based on ground corn,soybean meal,ground brown rice and rice husk;group 2 diet based on ground corn,soybean meal,whole brown rice and rice husk. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Results showed that the particle size distributions of the control group and the group 1 were consistent,in which the group 2 had more particles distributed in the range of 0.45 to 0.90 mm,and the particles distributed in the range of 0.20 to 0.45 mm were less,and the particles in the group 2 were distributed at 1.25 mm,the above particles were higher than the control group and the group 1. During the 28 ~ 70 d trial period,no signifi cant difference(P >0.05)was observed in the daily feed intake of geese,but birds receiving the group 2 treatment had the highest(P <0.05)daily weight gain and body weight(70 d),and the lowest(P <0.05)feed conversion ratio. The carcass yield was unaffected by group 1 and 2 treatments(P> 0.05). Birds receiving the group 2 diet had the lowest(P <0.05)relative weights and lengths of the jejunum,ileum and small intestine. The fi ndings of this study suggest that brown rice and rice husk are good ingredients in geese diet which have positive effects on body weight,daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio.
引文
[1]李巧云.降低蛋鸡饲料成本的小窍门[J].河南畜牧兽医,2008,7:44.
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[4]Amerah A M,Ravindran V,Lentle R G.Influence of insoluble fiber and whole wheat inclusion on the performance,digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens[J].Br Poult Sci,2009,50:366~375.
[5]Cummings R B.Opportunities for whole grain feeding[A].Proceedings of the Ninth European Poultry Conference[C].Glasgow,UK,1994:219~222.
[6]Gabriel I,Mallet S,Leconte M.Differences in the digestive tract characteristics of broiler chickens fed on complete pelleted diet or whole wheat added to pelleted protein concentrate[J].Br Poult Sci,2003,44:283~290.
[7]Gabriel I,Mallet S,Leconte M et al.Effects of whole wheat feeding on the development of the digestive tract of broiler chickens[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2007,142:144~162.
[8]Gonzalez-alvarado J M,Jimenez-moreno E,Lazaro R et al.Effect of type of cereal,heat processing of the cereal,and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers[J].Poult Sci,2007,86:1705~1715.
[9]Hetland H,Svihus B,Olaisen V.Effect of feeding whole cereals on performance,starch digestibility and duodenal particle size distribution in broiler chickens[J].Br Poult Sci,2002,43:416~423.
[10]Lu J,Kong X L,Wang Z Y et al.Influence of whole corn feeding on the performance,digestive tract development,and nutrient retention of geese[J].Poult Sci,2011a,90:587~594.
[11]Lu J,Shi S R,Wang Z Y et al.Effects of rice husk diluted dietary switching on the phenotypic change of gastrointestinal tract in ganders[J].Br Poult Sci,2011b,52:345~351.
[12]Nahas J,Lefrancois M R.Effects of feeding locally grown whole barley with or without enzyme addition and whole wheat on boiler performance and carcass traits[J].Poult Sci,2011,80:195~202.
[13]Plavnik I,Macovsky B,Sklan D.Effect of feeding whole wheat on performance of broiler chickens[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2002,96:229~236.
[14]Preston G M,Mc Cracken K J,Mc Allister A.Effect of diet form and enzyme supplementation on growth,efficiency and energy utilization of wheat-based diets for broilers[J].Br Poult Sci,2000,41:324~331.
[15]Reece F N,Lott B D,Deaton J W.The effects of hammer mill screen size on ground corn particle size,pellet durability,and broiler performance[J].Poult Sci,1986,65:1257~1261.
[16]Svihus B,Sacranie A,Denstadli V et al.Nutrient utilization and functionality of the anterior digestive tract caused by intermittent feeding and inclusion of whole wheat in diets for broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,2010,89:2617~2625.
[17]Taylor R D,Jones G P D.The incorporation of whole grain into pelleted broiler chicken diets[J].II:Gastrointestinal and digesta characteristics.Br Poult Sci,2004,45:237~246.
[18]Uddin M S,Rose S P,Hiscock T A et al.A comparison of the energy availability for chickens of ground and whole grain samples of two wheat varieties[J].Br Poult Sci,1996,37:347~357.
[19]Wang Z Y,Shi S R,Zhou Q Y et al.Response of growing goslings to dietary methionine from 28 to 70 days of age[J].Br Poult Sci,2009,51:118~121.
[20]Wu Y B,Ravindran V,Thomas D G et al.Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance,apparent metabolisable energy,digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers[J].Br Poult Sci,2004,45:385~394.
[21]Yang H M,Wang Z Y,Wang J et al.Effects of caecectomy on digestibility of crude protein,calcium,phosphorus,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in geese[J].Arch Geflugelkd,2009,73:189~192.
[2]Amerah A M,Ravindran V.Influence of method of whole-wheat feeding on the performance,digestive tract development and carcass traits of broiler chickens[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2008,147:326~339.
[3]Amerah A M,Ravindran V,Lentle R G et al.Influence of feed particle size on the performance,energy utilization,digestive tract development,and digesta parameters of broiler starters fed wheatand corn-based diets[J].Poult Sci,2008,87:2320~2328.
[4]Amerah A M,Ravindran V,Lentle R G.Influence of insoluble fiber and whole wheat inclusion on the performance,digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens[J].Br Poult Sci,2009,50:366~375.
[5]Cummings R B.Opportunities for whole grain feeding[A].Proceedings of the Ninth European Poultry Conference[C].Glasgow,UK,1994:219~222.
[6]Gabriel I,Mallet S,Leconte M.Differences in the digestive tract characteristics of broiler chickens fed on complete pelleted diet or whole wheat added to pelleted protein concentrate[J].Br Poult Sci,2003,44:283~290.
[7]Gabriel I,Mallet S,Leconte M et al.Effects of whole wheat feeding on the development of the digestive tract of broiler chickens[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2007,142:144~162.
[8]Gonzalez-alvarado J M,Jimenez-moreno E,Lazaro R et al.Effect of type of cereal,heat processing of the cereal,and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers[J].Poult Sci,2007,86:1705~1715.
[9]Hetland H,Svihus B,Olaisen V.Effect of feeding whole cereals on performance,starch digestibility and duodenal particle size distribution in broiler chickens[J].Br Poult Sci,2002,43:416~423.
[10]Lu J,Kong X L,Wang Z Y et al.Influence of whole corn feeding on the performance,digestive tract development,and nutrient retention of geese[J].Poult Sci,2011a,90:587~594.
[11]Lu J,Shi S R,Wang Z Y et al.Effects of rice husk diluted dietary switching on the phenotypic change of gastrointestinal tract in ganders[J].Br Poult Sci,2011b,52:345~351.
[12]Nahas J,Lefrancois M R.Effects of feeding locally grown whole barley with or without enzyme addition and whole wheat on boiler performance and carcass traits[J].Poult Sci,2011,80:195~202.
[13]Plavnik I,Macovsky B,Sklan D.Effect of feeding whole wheat on performance of broiler chickens[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2002,96:229~236.
[14]Preston G M,Mc Cracken K J,Mc Allister A.Effect of diet form and enzyme supplementation on growth,efficiency and energy utilization of wheat-based diets for broilers[J].Br Poult Sci,2000,41:324~331.
[15]Reece F N,Lott B D,Deaton J W.The effects of hammer mill screen size on ground corn particle size,pellet durability,and broiler performance[J].Poult Sci,1986,65:1257~1261.
[16]Svihus B,Sacranie A,Denstadli V et al.Nutrient utilization and functionality of the anterior digestive tract caused by intermittent feeding and inclusion of whole wheat in diets for broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,2010,89:2617~2625.
[17]Taylor R D,Jones G P D.The incorporation of whole grain into pelleted broiler chicken diets[J].II:Gastrointestinal and digesta characteristics.Br Poult Sci,2004,45:237~246.
[18]Uddin M S,Rose S P,Hiscock T A et al.A comparison of the energy availability for chickens of ground and whole grain samples of two wheat varieties[J].Br Poult Sci,1996,37:347~357.
[19]Wang Z Y,Shi S R,Zhou Q Y et al.Response of growing goslings to dietary methionine from 28 to 70 days of age[J].Br Poult Sci,2009,51:118~121.
[20]Wu Y B,Ravindran V,Thomas D G et al.Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance,apparent metabolisable energy,digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers[J].Br Poult Sci,2004,45:385~394.
[21]Yang H M,Wang Z Y,Wang J et al.Effects of caecectomy on digestibility of crude protein,calcium,phosphorus,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in geese[J].Arch Geflugelkd,2009,73:189~192.