季节变化及不同加工方式对旋扭山绿豆牧草缩合单宁含量的影响
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摘要
缩合单宁普遍存在于热带亚热带豆科牧草中,其含量的高低会影响到动物的饲养效果。文章研究了不同季节及不同加工方式对旋扭山绿豆牧草缩合单宁含量的影响。结果表明,除高温夏季外,旋扭山绿豆的缩合单宁含量均较为适中。加工存储不但导致旋扭山绿豆缩合单宁含量的下降,还会改变3种类型单宁的比例,与鲜草相比,草粉、颗粒料和青贮饲料的缩合单宁含量分别下降了38.3%、43.1%和94.6%,蛋白结合缩合单宁的占比在草粉和颗粒料中下降,而在青贮料中却显著升高。因此,在高温季节,尽管旋扭山绿豆牧草的营养价值会因高水平的缩合单宁而降低,但是通过改善栽培措施及制粒或青贮等存贮方式可以把缩合单宁含量降低到合理的水平。
Condensed tannins(CT) are ubiquitous in most of the tropical and subtropical forage and variation for their concentrations will impact animal performance. Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of season, processing and storage on the variability of CT in Desmodium intortum. The results showed that except for hot summer season, Desmodium intortum had moderate CT concentrations. The storage processes not only led to the decrease of CT level, but also altered the ratio of the three CT fractions. Compared with fresh forage, the CT in powder, pellet and silage decreased by 38.3%,43.1% and 94.6%, respectively, and the proportion of protein-bound CT in powder and pellet declined while in silage were significantly increased. Thus, although Desmodium intortum forage showed low nutritional value during hot season due to high level of CT, the improved cultivation or storage processes such as pelleting or silaging was effective for reducing CT to a reasonable level.
Condensed tannins(CT) are ubiquitous in most of the tropical and subtropical forage and variation for their concentrations will impact animal performance. Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of season, processing and storage on the variability of CT in Desmodium intortum. The results showed that except for hot summer season, Desmodium intortum had moderate CT concentrations. The storage processes not only led to the decrease of CT level, but also altered the ratio of the three CT fractions. Compared with fresh forage, the CT in powder, pellet and silage decreased by 38.3%,43.1% and 94.6%, respectively, and the proportion of protein-bound CT in powder and pellet declined while in silage were significantly increased. Thus, although Desmodium intortum forage showed low nutritional value during hot season due to high level of CT, the improved cultivation or storage processes such as pelleting or silaging was effective for reducing CT to a reasonable level.
引文
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[9]杨继春,杜贵锋,彭建宗.6种热带亚热带豆科牧草抗寒性及营养品质比较[J].草业科学,2017,34(4):794-801.
[10]杜贵锋,吴绍群,邝文涛,等.旋扭山绿豆对临武鸭夏季采食量及生长性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2018,40(11):26-31.
[11]Burns R E.Method for estimation of tannin in grain sorghum[J].Agronomy Journal,1971,63:511-512.
[12]Terrill T H,Rowan A M,Douglas G B,et al.Determination of extractable and bound condensed tannin concentrations in forage plants,protein concentrate meals and cereal grains[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1992,58:321-329.
[13]Wang Y X,McAllister T A,Acharya S.Condensed tannins in sainfoin:composition,concentration,and effects on nutritive and feeding value of sainfoin forage[J].Crop Science,2015,55:13-22.
[14]Lorenz M M,Eriksson T,Uden P.Effect of wilting,silage additive,PEGtreatment and tannin content on the distribution of betweendifferent fractions after ensiling of three different sainfoin(onobrychis viciifolia)varieties[J].Grass and Forage Science,2010,65(2):175-184.
[15]Foo L Y,Porter L J.The phytochemistry of proanthocyanidin polymers[J].Phytochemistry,1980,19:1747-1754.
[16]Kariuki I W,Norton B W.The digestion of dietary proteinbound by condensed tannins in the gastro-intestinal tract of sheep[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,142(3):197-209.
[2]Barry T N,Duncan S J.The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1984,51:485-491.
[3]Copani G,Niderkorn V,Anglard F,et al.Silages containing bioactive forage legumes a promising protein-rich feed source for growing lambs[J].Grass and Forage Science,2016,71:622-631.
[4]Jones W T,LyttletonJ W.Bloat in cattle.XXXIV.A survey of legume forages that do and do not produce bloat[J].New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1971,14:101-107.
[5]Hoste H,Jackson F,Athanasiadou S,et al.The effects of tannin-rich plants on parasitic nematodes in ruminants[J].Trends in Parasitology,2006,6(22):253-261.
[6]Lees G L,Hinks C F,Suttill N H.Effect of high temperature on condensed tannin accumulation in leaf tissues of big trefoil(Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr)[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1994,65:415-421.
[7]Kelman W M,Tanner G J.Foliar condensed tannin levels inlotusspecies growing on limed and unlimed soils in South-eastern Australia[J].Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association,1990,52:51-54.
[8]Girard M,Dohme-Meier F,Kragten S A,et al.Modification of the proportion of extractable and bound condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil(Lotus corniculatus)and sainfoin(Onobrychis viicifolia)during wilting,ensiling and pelleting processes[J].Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry,2018,34(1):1-19.
[9]杨继春,杜贵锋,彭建宗.6种热带亚热带豆科牧草抗寒性及营养品质比较[J].草业科学,2017,34(4):794-801.
[10]杜贵锋,吴绍群,邝文涛,等.旋扭山绿豆对临武鸭夏季采食量及生长性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2018,40(11):26-31.
[11]Burns R E.Method for estimation of tannin in grain sorghum[J].Agronomy Journal,1971,63:511-512.
[12]Terrill T H,Rowan A M,Douglas G B,et al.Determination of extractable and bound condensed tannin concentrations in forage plants,protein concentrate meals and cereal grains[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1992,58:321-329.
[13]Wang Y X,McAllister T A,Acharya S.Condensed tannins in sainfoin:composition,concentration,and effects on nutritive and feeding value of sainfoin forage[J].Crop Science,2015,55:13-22.
[14]Lorenz M M,Eriksson T,Uden P.Effect of wilting,silage additive,PEGtreatment and tannin content on the distribution of betweendifferent fractions after ensiling of three different sainfoin(onobrychis viciifolia)varieties[J].Grass and Forage Science,2010,65(2):175-184.
[15]Foo L Y,Porter L J.The phytochemistry of proanthocyanidin polymers[J].Phytochemistry,1980,19:1747-1754.
[16]Kariuki I W,Norton B W.The digestion of dietary proteinbound by condensed tannins in the gastro-intestinal tract of sheep[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,142(3):197-209.