γ-辐照对指状青霉的抑制作用及在椪柑果实保鲜中的应用
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摘要
本实验探究强度为0.25、0.50、0.75及1.00 kGy的γ-射线对供试菌指状青霉的生长、培养液相对电导率、菌丝体总糖与可溶性蛋白含量、苹果酸脱氢酶与琥珀酸脱氢酶活性大小的影响;同时考察了不同强度的γ-辐照对椪柑果实失重率、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物、有机酸及抗坏血酸含量的影响。结果表明:γ-辐照可以有效的抑制指状青霉的生长,抑制率和辐照强度呈正相关;同时,γ-辐照能增加菌丝体细胞膜渗透性,降低菌丝体总糖与可溶性蛋白的含量以及与能量代谢的相关酶活性,从而打乱指状青霉正常的生理代谢。此外,不同强度的γ-辐照对椪柑果实的采后生理代谢也有不同程度的影响,在所有的辐照强度中,0.5 kGy的γ-辐照降低椪柑失重率、呼吸强度,同时抑制可溶性固形物、有机酸及抗坏血酸含量降低的综合效果最佳。
This research used Penicillium digitatum as test microorganism to study the effects of different doses of gamma irradiation( 0.25,0.50,0.75 and 1.00 kGy) on the growth,the relative electric conductivity of culture solution,total sugar and soluble protein contents of the mycelium,activity of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase.In addition,effects of different doses of gamma irradiation on the weight loss rate,respiration intensity,the contents of soluble solids,organic acids and ascorbic acid of Ponkan fruit were studied.The results showed that,the normal growth of Penicillium digitatum was inhibited by gamma irradiation and the inhibitory ratio increased with the gamma irradiation doses arised.Meanwhile,gamma irradiation could enhance the cytomembrane permeability of mycelium,reduce the total sugar and soluble proteins contents in the mycelium and metabolism,thereby disrupting the normal physiological metabolism of Penicillium digitatum. Furthermore,different dose of gamma irradiation could influence the postharvest physiology of Ponkan fruit at different levels.Compared with others,0.5 kGy gamma irradiation reduced the weight loss rate,respiration intensity,inhibite the degradation of soluble solids,organic acids and ascorbic acid of the Ponkan fruit had the best effects.
This research used Penicillium digitatum as test microorganism to study the effects of different doses of gamma irradiation( 0.25,0.50,0.75 and 1.00 kGy) on the growth,the relative electric conductivity of culture solution,total sugar and soluble protein contents of the mycelium,activity of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase.In addition,effects of different doses of gamma irradiation on the weight loss rate,respiration intensity,the contents of soluble solids,organic acids and ascorbic acid of Ponkan fruit were studied.The results showed that,the normal growth of Penicillium digitatum was inhibited by gamma irradiation and the inhibitory ratio increased with the gamma irradiation doses arised.Meanwhile,gamma irradiation could enhance the cytomembrane permeability of mycelium,reduce the total sugar and soluble proteins contents in the mycelium and metabolism,thereby disrupting the normal physiological metabolism of Penicillium digitatum. Furthermore,different dose of gamma irradiation could influence the postharvest physiology of Ponkan fruit at different levels.Compared with others,0.5 kGy gamma irradiation reduced the weight loss rate,respiration intensity,inhibite the degradation of soluble solids,organic acids and ascorbic acid of the Ponkan fruit had the best effects.
引文
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[12]刘浩强,李鸿筠,向可海,等.保鲜剂对柑橘贮藏病菌的敏感性及贮藏保鲜效果[J].食品科学,2014,35(4):210-214.
[13]孙思明,林羡,陈于陇,等.超声波清洗在柑橘采后病害防治的应用[J].食品科技,2018,43(2):45-50.
[14]邓雨艳,曾凯芳.柑橘果实采后侵染性病害防治技术研究进展[J].食品科技,2008,33(4):211-214.
[15]Zhou Y,Deng L,Zeng K.Enhancement of biocontrol efficacy of Pichia membranaefaciens by hot water treatment in postharvest diseases of citrus fruit[J].Crop Protection,2014,63(5):89-96.
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[18]陈诗晴,王征征,姚思敏薇,等.不同杀菌方式对贮藏过程中猕猴桃低糖复合果酱品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(5):53-58,64.
[19]陈伟盛,简敏骞,关倩明,等.中药合理辐照灭菌剂量设定的初步研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1515-1520.
[20]陈玉霞,邱建辉,程薇,等.酵母提取物辐照灭菌工艺研究[J].核农学报,2015,29(12):2355-2359.
[21]赵永富,汪昌保,王超.辐射灭菌技术在制药业上的最新应用进展[J].核农学报,2006,20(2):143-147.
[22]Parksy,Chungms,Hasd.Combined effect of sodium hypochlorite and gamma-irradiation for the control of Vibrio vulnificus in fresh oyster and clam[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2018,91(1):568-572.
[23]Simonefinstrom M,Aronstein K,Goblirsch M,et al.Gamma irradiation inactivates honey bee fungal,microsporidian,and viral pathogens and parasites[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2018,153:57.
[24]Odueke O B,Chadd S A,Baines R N,et al.Effects of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life of a dairy-like product[J].Radiation Physics&Chemistry,2017,143:63-71.
[25]杨宪时,姜兴为,李学英,等.伽马辐照对冰藏大黄鱼品质和货架期的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):376-381.
[26]Hou L J,Lin J H,Ma L,et al.Effect of60Co-γirradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of Volvariella volvacea[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235(2):382-390.
[27]Calado T,María Luisa Fernández-Cruz,Verde S C,et al.Gamma irradiation effects on ochratoxin A:Degradation,cytotoxicity and application in food[J].Food Chemistry,2018,240:463.
[28]Alsager O A,Alnajrani M N,Alhazzaa O.Decomposition of antibiotics by gamma irradiation:Kinetics,antimicrobial activity,and real application in food matrices[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,338:548-556.
[29]Han J G,Cho J H,Jo C,et al.Gamma irradiation-assisted degradation of rosmarinic acid and evaluation of structures and anti-adipogenic properties[J].Food Chemistry,2018,258:181.
[30]Park S Y,Kim B Y,Song H H,et al.The synergistic effects of combined Na OCl,gamma irradiation and vitamin B1on populations of Aeromonas hydrophila in squid[J].Food Control,2012,27(1):194-199.
[31]陆艳婷,陈金跃,张小明,等.浙江省水稻辐射育种研究进展[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1500-1508.
[32]彭旋,陈玉环,陈金印.白薇提取液对意大利青霉抑菌机理及脐橙青霉病防治效果的研究[J].植物病理学报,2017,47(3):398-405.
[33]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅,等.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:24-51.
[34]胡小松,谢宇雄,张彤.红外线CO2分析仪测定果实呼吸强度的探讨[J].分析仪器,1993(2):49-52.
[35]杨苏声,周俊初.微生物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:22-26.
[36]Stoddart A,Hertz M I,David M,et al.Determination of antibacterial mode of action of Allium sativum essential oil against foodborne pathogens using membrane permeability and surface characteristic parameters[J].Journal of Food Safety,2013,33(2):197-208.
[37]Resa C P O,Jagus R J,Gerschenson L N.Efficiency for controlling yeast growth in models systems and on cheese surfaces[J].Food Control,2014,35(1):101-108.
[38]李海贤,马艳玲,曾荣.丁香酚对金黄色葡萄球菌MDH和SDH酶活力的影响[J].食品科技,2018,43(3):213-217.
[39]万春鹏,陈楚英,陈明,等.肉桂提取物对赣南脐橙的保鲜效果[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(17):317-321.
[40]Mlikota G F,Mansour M F,Smilanick J L,et al.Survival of spores of Rhizopus stolonifer,Aspergillus niger,Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata after exposure to ethanol solutions at various temperatures[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2010,96(6):1354-1360.
[41]Jung K,Yoon M,Park H J,et al.Application of combined treatment for control of Botrytis cinerea,in phytosanitary irradiation processing[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2014,99(3):12-17
[42]王超,赵永富,季萍,等.γ辐照对低温火腿肉制品感官及微生物指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(6):419-420.
[2]周先艳,龚琪,李菊湘,等.柑橘采后生理及病害研究进展[J].保鲜与加工,2016(1):91-96.
[3]尉冬梅,徐军,董丰收,等.柑橘扩展青霉病斑外延组织中青霉菌及展青霉素的分布[J].中国食品学报,2016,16(6):212-217.
[4]余健.柑橘贮藏病害及防腐保鲜[J].云南农业科技,2007(6):50-52.
[5]李鸿筠,姚廷山,王联英,等.5种药剂对柑橘贮藏病害的防控效果评价[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(11):319-323.
[6]陈介甫,李亚东,徐哲.蓝莓的主要化学成分及生物活性[J].药学学报,2010(4):422-429.
[7]贾雷,何湘丽,陶能国,等.不同发育期椪柑精油对意大利青霉和指状青霉的抑制作用[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(7):68-72.
[8]韩青梅,赵华,成玉林,等.指状青霉Penicillium digitatum侵染柑橘果实的细胞学研究[J].菌物学报,2013,32(6):967-977.
[9]耿鹏,陈少华,胡美英,等.马克斯克鲁维酵母对柑橘采后绿霉病的抑制效果[J].华中农业大学学报,2011,30(6):712-716.
[10]吕捷,陈云,朱从一,等.拮抗菌Bs43的鉴定、抑菌机理及其对采后柑橘绿霉病的生防效果[J].果树学报,2014(5):885-892.
[11]郭娟华,涂起红,陈楚英,等.拮抗微生物防治柑橘采后病害研究进展[J].食品科学,2013,34(23):351-356.
[12]刘浩强,李鸿筠,向可海,等.保鲜剂对柑橘贮藏病菌的敏感性及贮藏保鲜效果[J].食品科学,2014,35(4):210-214.
[13]孙思明,林羡,陈于陇,等.超声波清洗在柑橘采后病害防治的应用[J].食品科技,2018,43(2):45-50.
[14]邓雨艳,曾凯芳.柑橘果实采后侵染性病害防治技术研究进展[J].食品科技,2008,33(4):211-214.
[15]Zhou Y,Deng L,Zeng K.Enhancement of biocontrol efficacy of Pichia membranaefaciens by hot water treatment in postharvest diseases of citrus fruit[J].Crop Protection,2014,63(5):89-96.
[16]王静,郑永华.拮抗菌在果蔬采后病害生物防治中的应用[J].生物技术进展,2013(6):393-398.
[17]熊亚波,闫晓俊,颜静,等.新型柑橘贮藏保鲜剂的研究进展[J].食品科学,2015,36(9):284-288.
[18]陈诗晴,王征征,姚思敏薇,等.不同杀菌方式对贮藏过程中猕猴桃低糖复合果酱品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(5):53-58,64.
[19]陈伟盛,简敏骞,关倩明,等.中药合理辐照灭菌剂量设定的初步研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1515-1520.
[20]陈玉霞,邱建辉,程薇,等.酵母提取物辐照灭菌工艺研究[J].核农学报,2015,29(12):2355-2359.
[21]赵永富,汪昌保,王超.辐射灭菌技术在制药业上的最新应用进展[J].核农学报,2006,20(2):143-147.
[22]Parksy,Chungms,Hasd.Combined effect of sodium hypochlorite and gamma-irradiation for the control of Vibrio vulnificus in fresh oyster and clam[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2018,91(1):568-572.
[23]Simonefinstrom M,Aronstein K,Goblirsch M,et al.Gamma irradiation inactivates honey bee fungal,microsporidian,and viral pathogens and parasites[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2018,153:57.
[24]Odueke O B,Chadd S A,Baines R N,et al.Effects of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life of a dairy-like product[J].Radiation Physics&Chemistry,2017,143:63-71.
[25]杨宪时,姜兴为,李学英,等.伽马辐照对冰藏大黄鱼品质和货架期的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):376-381.
[26]Hou L J,Lin J H,Ma L,et al.Effect of60Co-γirradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of Volvariella volvacea[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235(2):382-390.
[27]Calado T,María Luisa Fernández-Cruz,Verde S C,et al.Gamma irradiation effects on ochratoxin A:Degradation,cytotoxicity and application in food[J].Food Chemistry,2018,240:463.
[28]Alsager O A,Alnajrani M N,Alhazzaa O.Decomposition of antibiotics by gamma irradiation:Kinetics,antimicrobial activity,and real application in food matrices[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,338:548-556.
[29]Han J G,Cho J H,Jo C,et al.Gamma irradiation-assisted degradation of rosmarinic acid and evaluation of structures and anti-adipogenic properties[J].Food Chemistry,2018,258:181.
[30]Park S Y,Kim B Y,Song H H,et al.The synergistic effects of combined Na OCl,gamma irradiation and vitamin B1on populations of Aeromonas hydrophila in squid[J].Food Control,2012,27(1):194-199.
[31]陆艳婷,陈金跃,张小明,等.浙江省水稻辐射育种研究进展[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1500-1508.
[32]彭旋,陈玉环,陈金印.白薇提取液对意大利青霉抑菌机理及脐橙青霉病防治效果的研究[J].植物病理学报,2017,47(3):398-405.
[33]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅,等.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:24-51.
[34]胡小松,谢宇雄,张彤.红外线CO2分析仪测定果实呼吸强度的探讨[J].分析仪器,1993(2):49-52.
[35]杨苏声,周俊初.微生物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:22-26.
[36]Stoddart A,Hertz M I,David M,et al.Determination of antibacterial mode of action of Allium sativum essential oil against foodborne pathogens using membrane permeability and surface characteristic parameters[J].Journal of Food Safety,2013,33(2):197-208.
[37]Resa C P O,Jagus R J,Gerschenson L N.Efficiency for controlling yeast growth in models systems and on cheese surfaces[J].Food Control,2014,35(1):101-108.
[38]李海贤,马艳玲,曾荣.丁香酚对金黄色葡萄球菌MDH和SDH酶活力的影响[J].食品科技,2018,43(3):213-217.
[39]万春鹏,陈楚英,陈明,等.肉桂提取物对赣南脐橙的保鲜效果[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(17):317-321.
[40]Mlikota G F,Mansour M F,Smilanick J L,et al.Survival of spores of Rhizopus stolonifer,Aspergillus niger,Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata after exposure to ethanol solutions at various temperatures[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2010,96(6):1354-1360.
[41]Jung K,Yoon M,Park H J,et al.Application of combined treatment for control of Botrytis cinerea,in phytosanitary irradiation processing[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2014,99(3):12-17
[42]王超,赵永富,季萍,等.γ辐照对低温火腿肉制品感官及微生物指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(6):419-420.