高温高湿条件下添加功能性油脂对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和生理状态的影响
|
摘要
文章旨在评估功能性油脂替代莫能菌素对高温高湿环境下奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和生理状态的影响。试验选择产奶期(200±50)d,平均体重(600±75)kg的荷斯坦奶牛36头,将其随机分为3组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头牛,进行为期6周的试验(1周适应期,5周试验期),试验共设计3种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1组在基础日粮添加20 mg/kg莫能菌素,处理2组在基础日粮添加0.05%功能性油脂。试验期间环境温度、湿度和温湿度指数分别是(25±0.55)℃、(82.0±1.20)%和74.5±0.30,表明奶牛处于高温高湿环境。结果 :处理1组较对照组和处理2组显著降低了干物质和有机物的摄入量(P <0.05),较对照组显著降低了粗蛋白质摄入量(P <0.05)。试验时间显著影响有机物、蛋白质摄入量及养分表观消化率(P <0.05),同时显著影响瘤胃pH、氨氮和挥发性脂肪酸含量(P <0.05)。对照组较处理2组显著降低了血清尿素含量(P <0.05),处理和时间对血清尿素含量的影响具有显著交互效应(P <0.05)。处理1组较处理2组显著降低了脂肪产量和乳脂肪含量(P <0.05)。试验时间显著影响乳成分含量及产量(P <0.05)。结论 :在本试验条件下,功能性油脂增加了乳脂产量,并且可以代替莫能菌素而不影响奶牛在高温高湿环境下的采食量、养分消化率、瘤胃发酵和生理状态。
The current study was to evaluate the functional oils replacing monensin in diets while improving thermal status and performance of dairy cows. Thirty-six Holstein cows [(200±50)d in milk,600±75 kg of body weight ] were used in a randomized complete block design experiment that lasted six weeks(one week for covariate adjustments and five weeks for treatment effect evaluation),each group had 12 cows of 1 for each replicate. There were 3 diets in this trial,the control group fed with the basal diet,and the T1 group fed with the basal diet addition of 20 mg/kg monensin,and T2 group fed with the basal diet addition of 0.05% function oil. During the experimental,daily temperature,air relativity humidity,and temperature humidity index were(25.0±0.55)℃,(82.0±1.20)%,and 74.5±0.30,respectively,suggesting that heat stress likely impacted cows. Results showed that the T1 group had lower dry matter and organic matter intake than the control and T2 groups(P <0.05),and had lower crude protein intake than the control group(P <0.05). The trial time significantly affected the organic matter,protein intake and nutrient apparent digestibility(P <0.05),and significantly affected the rumen pH,ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acid contents(P <0.05). The control group had the lowest concentration of serum urea(P <0.05),while treatments and trial time had the significant interaction on serum urea(P <0.05). T1 group had lower fat production and fat contents in milk than T2 group(P <0.05). In conclusion,functional oils increased milk fat production,and can be used in place of monensin without affecting feed intake,digestion,ruminal fermentation,and thermal status of dairy cows under a high temperature and humidity environment.
The current study was to evaluate the functional oils replacing monensin in diets while improving thermal status and performance of dairy cows. Thirty-six Holstein cows [(200±50)d in milk,600±75 kg of body weight ] were used in a randomized complete block design experiment that lasted six weeks(one week for covariate adjustments and five weeks for treatment effect evaluation),each group had 12 cows of 1 for each replicate. There were 3 diets in this trial,the control group fed with the basal diet,and the T1 group fed with the basal diet addition of 20 mg/kg monensin,and T2 group fed with the basal diet addition of 0.05% function oil. During the experimental,daily temperature,air relativity humidity,and temperature humidity index were(25.0±0.55)℃,(82.0±1.20)%,and 74.5±0.30,respectively,suggesting that heat stress likely impacted cows. Results showed that the T1 group had lower dry matter and organic matter intake than the control and T2 groups(P <0.05),and had lower crude protein intake than the control group(P <0.05). The trial time significantly affected the organic matter,protein intake and nutrient apparent digestibility(P <0.05),and significantly affected the rumen pH,ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acid contents(P <0.05). The control group had the lowest concentration of serum urea(P <0.05),while treatments and trial time had the significant interaction on serum urea(P <0.05). T1 group had lower fat production and fat contents in milk than T2 group(P <0.05). In conclusion,functional oils increased milk fat production,and can be used in place of monensin without affecting feed intake,digestion,ruminal fermentation,and thermal status of dairy cows under a high temperature and humidity environment.
引文
[1]李春华,高艳霞,曹玉凤,等.温热环境对奶牛采食量的影响及营养调控[J].畜牧科学,2010,1:66~67.
[2]王志博,姜万富,辛杭书,等.饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性和氮平衡的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24:1098~1104.
[3]Baumgard L H,Wheelock J B,Sanders S R et al.Postabsorptive carbohydrate adaptations to heat stress and monensin supplementation in lactating Holstein cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94:5620~5633.
[4]Casali A O,Detmann E,Valadares Filho S C et al.Influence of incubation time and particles size on indigestible compounds contents in cattle feeds and feces obtained by in situ procedures[J].Rev Bras Zoot,2008,37:335~342.
[5]Duffield T F,Rabiee A R,Lean I J.A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin in lactating dairy cattle.Part 2.Production effects[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91:1347~1360.
[6]Ferreira d J E,Valle T A D,Calomeni G D,et al.Influence of a blend of functional oils or monensin on nutrient intake and digestibility,ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2016,219:59~67.
[7]Firkin J L,Yu Z,Morrison M.Ruminal nitrogen metabolism:perspectives for integration of microbiology and nutrition for dairy[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90:E1~E16.
[8]Gandra J R,Nunes Gil P C,Gandra E R et al.Productive performance of Simmental dairy cows supplemented with ricinoleic acid from castor oil[J].Arch Zootec,2014,63:575~585.
[9]Kargar S,Ghorbani G R,Fievez V et al.Performance,bioenergetic status,and indicators of oxidative stress of environmentally heat-loaded Holstein cows in response to diets inducing milk fat depression[J].J Dairy Sci,2015,98:4772~4784.
[10]Schelling G T.Monensin mode of action in the rumen[J].J Anim Sci,1984,58:1518~1527.
[11]Shinkai T,Enishi O,Mitsumori M et al.Mitigation of methane production from cattle by feeding cashew nut shell liquid[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95:5308~5316.
[12]Soltan Y A,Morsy A S,Lucas R C et al.Potential of minosine of Leucena leucocephala for modulating ruminal nutrient degradability and methanogenesis[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2017,223:30~41.
[13]Trevisan M T,Pfundstein B,Haubner R et al.Characterization of alkyl phenols in cashew(Anacardium occidentale)products and assay of their antioxidant capacity[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2006,44:188~197.
[14]Urrutia N L,Harvatine K J.Acetate dose-dependently stimulates milk fat synthesis in lactating dairy cows[J].J Nutr,2017,147:763~769.
[15]Zotti C A,Silva A P,Carvalho R et al.Monensin and a blend of castor oil and cashew nut shell liquid used in a high-concentrate diet abruptly fed to Nellore cattle[J].J Anim Sci,2017,95:4124~4138.
[2]王志博,姜万富,辛杭书,等.饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性和氮平衡的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24:1098~1104.
[3]Baumgard L H,Wheelock J B,Sanders S R et al.Postabsorptive carbohydrate adaptations to heat stress and monensin supplementation in lactating Holstein cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94:5620~5633.
[4]Casali A O,Detmann E,Valadares Filho S C et al.Influence of incubation time and particles size on indigestible compounds contents in cattle feeds and feces obtained by in situ procedures[J].Rev Bras Zoot,2008,37:335~342.
[5]Duffield T F,Rabiee A R,Lean I J.A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin in lactating dairy cattle.Part 2.Production effects[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91:1347~1360.
[6]Ferreira d J E,Valle T A D,Calomeni G D,et al.Influence of a blend of functional oils or monensin on nutrient intake and digestibility,ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2016,219:59~67.
[7]Firkin J L,Yu Z,Morrison M.Ruminal nitrogen metabolism:perspectives for integration of microbiology and nutrition for dairy[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90:E1~E16.
[8]Gandra J R,Nunes Gil P C,Gandra E R et al.Productive performance of Simmental dairy cows supplemented with ricinoleic acid from castor oil[J].Arch Zootec,2014,63:575~585.
[9]Kargar S,Ghorbani G R,Fievez V et al.Performance,bioenergetic status,and indicators of oxidative stress of environmentally heat-loaded Holstein cows in response to diets inducing milk fat depression[J].J Dairy Sci,2015,98:4772~4784.
[10]Schelling G T.Monensin mode of action in the rumen[J].J Anim Sci,1984,58:1518~1527.
[11]Shinkai T,Enishi O,Mitsumori M et al.Mitigation of methane production from cattle by feeding cashew nut shell liquid[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95:5308~5316.
[12]Soltan Y A,Morsy A S,Lucas R C et al.Potential of minosine of Leucena leucocephala for modulating ruminal nutrient degradability and methanogenesis[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2017,223:30~41.
[13]Trevisan M T,Pfundstein B,Haubner R et al.Characterization of alkyl phenols in cashew(Anacardium occidentale)products and assay of their antioxidant capacity[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2006,44:188~197.
[14]Urrutia N L,Harvatine K J.Acetate dose-dependently stimulates milk fat synthesis in lactating dairy cows[J].J Nutr,2017,147:763~769.
[15]Zotti C A,Silva A P,Carvalho R et al.Monensin and a blend of castor oil and cashew nut shell liquid used in a high-concentrate diet abruptly fed to Nellore cattle[J].J Anim Sci,2017,95:4124~4138.