小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红3号’的优质高产栽培技术研究
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摘要
‘圣女红3号’是上海市农业科学院园艺研究所育成的特早熟、优质、小果型西瓜新品种,该品种综合抗病抗逆性强、品质优、果皮韧性强、耐贮运,可采收二茬瓜。为提高‘圣女红3号’的品质和商品产量,加速新品种的推广,开展了配套栽培技术研究。结果表明:‘圣女红3号’的春播早熟覆盖栽培,采用单蔓整枝方式为佳,即保留主蔓,摘除所有侧蔓,并控制主蔓上第二或第三雌花坐果,比留侧蔓坐果提早4—6 d上市,商品瓜产量增加11. 1%。单蔓整枝最佳种植密度以株距22—25 cm、行距250 cm、11 500—12 500株/hm~2为佳,基肥施用量以精制有机肥22. 5 t/hm~2+狮马牌复合肥375 kg/hm~2为宜。膨瓜肥采用叶面追肥方式为佳,坐果后每4—5 d叶面喷施一次500倍液狮马牌高钾叶面肥(N∶P∶K=7%∶12%∶40%),每次15 kg/hm~2,商品瓜产量比不追肥对照增产26. 8%,比传统滴灌或穴施追肥方式增产20%以上,并显著提高了果实的品质。
In order to improve the fruit quality and yield of the new small-fruited watermelon cultivar‘Shengnühong 3',the greenhouse culture techniques of the cultivar were studied. ‘Shengnühong 3'is suitable for spring greenhouse culture in Shanghai and its surrounding areas. The results showed that a single-vine pruning method which kept the main branch was the most suitable to the cultivar's spring greenhouse cultivation,and selected the 2 nd or 3 rd female flower on 10th to 14th nodes for fruit setting. Its suitable planting density was 11 500—12 500 plants/hm~2 with plant spacing 22—25 cm and row spacing 250 cm. Before planting,375 kg/hm~2 Shima Brand complex fertilizer (N ∶ P ∶ K = 15% ∶ 15% ∶ 15%) plus 22. 5 t/hm~2 organic fertilizer should be applied. During the fruit expansion period,it should be fertilized with the foliar topdressing. The foliar application of 7. 5 kg/hm~2 of 500-fold solution of Shima Brand high potassium fertilizer (N∶ P∶ K = 7% ∶ 12% ∶ 40%) should be sprayed every 4—5 d. It could increase the fruit yield by 26. 8% comparing with no topdressing (CK),and the fruit quality improved significantly.
In order to improve the fruit quality and yield of the new small-fruited watermelon cultivar‘Shengnühong 3',the greenhouse culture techniques of the cultivar were studied. ‘Shengnühong 3'is suitable for spring greenhouse culture in Shanghai and its surrounding areas. The results showed that a single-vine pruning method which kept the main branch was the most suitable to the cultivar's spring greenhouse cultivation,and selected the 2 nd or 3 rd female flower on 10th to 14th nodes for fruit setting. Its suitable planting density was 11 500—12 500 plants/hm~2 with plant spacing 22—25 cm and row spacing 250 cm. Before planting,375 kg/hm~2 Shima Brand complex fertilizer (N ∶ P ∶ K = 15% ∶ 15% ∶ 15%) plus 22. 5 t/hm~2 organic fertilizer should be applied. During the fruit expansion period,it should be fertilized with the foliar topdressing. The foliar application of 7. 5 kg/hm~2 of 500-fold solution of Shima Brand high potassium fertilizer (N∶ P∶ K = 7% ∶ 12% ∶ 40%) should be sprayed every 4—5 d. It could increase the fruit yield by 26. 8% comparing with no topdressing (CK),and the fruit quality improved significantly.
引文
[1]徐永阳,俞正旺,马跃,等.小果型西瓜研究的进展[C]∥中国园艺学会.中国园艺学会第九届学术年会论文集.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.
[2]顾卫红,宋荣浩,杨红娟,等.小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红2号’[J].园艺学报,2009,36(3):465.
[3]顾卫红,杨红娟,宋荣浩,等.小果型西瓜新品种‘黄晶’的选育[J].中国蔬菜,2012,23(3):19-21.
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[5]宋荣浩,杨红娟,李超汉,等.早熟优质抗病小果型西瓜新种质的创制与利用[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(3):96-100.
[6]陆利民,严志衡,姚春霞,等.大棚西瓜连作的土壤养分和盐分的动态变化初探[J].上海农业学报,2006,22(1):113-115.
[7]谢细香.重铬酸钾稀释热比色法测定土壤有机质的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):998-999.
[8]王磊,李艳红,袁婕.全自动凯氏定氮仪测定干旱区土壤中全氮含量[J].中国无机分析化学,2014,4(3):31-34.
[9]宋科,徐四新,罗国安,等.土壤可溶性盐含量对黄瓜种子萌发及其幼苗生长发育的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(3):593-597.
[10]钱晓雍.塑料大棚设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(5):73-79.
[11]李小明,龙惊惊,周悦,等.叶面肥的应用及研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(3):127-130.
[12]巩普亚,刘梅,韩丛道.不同叶面肥在水稻始穗期应用效果[J].农业科技通讯,2015(5):197-198.
[13]李伟.金丰乐叶面肥在水稻上的应用效果[J].现代化农业,2017(3):30-31.
[2]顾卫红,宋荣浩,杨红娟,等.小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红2号’[J].园艺学报,2009,36(3):465.
[3]顾卫红,杨红娟,宋荣浩,等.小果型西瓜新品种‘黄晶’的选育[J].中国蔬菜,2012,23(3):19-21.
[4]孙德玺,邓云,朱迎春,等.小果型西瓜新品种中兴红1号的选育[J].中国瓜菜,2013,26(6):27-30.
[5]宋荣浩,杨红娟,李超汉,等.早熟优质抗病小果型西瓜新种质的创制与利用[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(3):96-100.
[6]陆利民,严志衡,姚春霞,等.大棚西瓜连作的土壤养分和盐分的动态变化初探[J].上海农业学报,2006,22(1):113-115.
[7]谢细香.重铬酸钾稀释热比色法测定土壤有机质的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):998-999.
[8]王磊,李艳红,袁婕.全自动凯氏定氮仪测定干旱区土壤中全氮含量[J].中国无机分析化学,2014,4(3):31-34.
[9]宋科,徐四新,罗国安,等.土壤可溶性盐含量对黄瓜种子萌发及其幼苗生长发育的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(3):593-597.
[10]钱晓雍.塑料大棚设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(5):73-79.
[11]李小明,龙惊惊,周悦,等.叶面肥的应用及研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(3):127-130.
[12]巩普亚,刘梅,韩丛道.不同叶面肥在水稻始穗期应用效果[J].农业科技通讯,2015(5):197-198.
[13]李伟.金丰乐叶面肥在水稻上的应用效果[J].现代化农业,2017(3):30-31.