农村集体资产产权制度改革:进程、模式与挑战
|
摘要
农村集体资产改革在理论界和政策界受到普遍关注。尽管现有研究对农村集体产权制度改革模式、实践中存在的困难与挑战等关键问题展开了一些讨论,但对改革总体进程缺乏全面考察,而关于影响集体资产产权改革进程的要素研究也还停留在个案分析层面。本文对我国农村集体资产产权改革历程和各地改革模式进行了系统梳理,并基于全国九省156个村的调研数据,对我国农村集体资产产权制度改革进程及其影响因素展开分析。结果表明,农村集体资产产权改革进度省际间差异较大,部分地方性方案待规改;资产评估、成员界定、股权分配和产权制度安排等是村集体经营性政策改革的难点和关键;影响农村集体资产确权进展的因素存在区域异质性,而较大的资产规模与传统的集权式村治减缓了确权进度。
Rural collective asset reform has received widespread attention in the theoretical and policy circles,and the existing research has also discussed some key issues such as the property rights reform mode of rural collective operating assets, and the difficulties and challenges in practice. However,these discussions lack a comprehensive field study of the overall reform process,and the research on the factors affecting the reform process are still at the level of case analysis. This study systematically sorts out the process of property rights reform of rural collectively-operated assets in China and the reform models of various regions. Based on the survey data of 156 villages in nine provinces of China,this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the process of property rights reform of rural collective assets and its influencing factors. The results show that the progress of rural collective operating assets reform is quite different between provinces,and some local programs need to be revised. Asset evaluation,member definition,equity distribution and property rights arrangement are the difficulties and key points of the reform. There are regional heterogeneity in the factors that influence the development of the confirmation of rural operational assets,and the large scale of assets and the traditional centralized village governance slow down the progress of the confirmation.
Rural collective asset reform has received widespread attention in the theoretical and policy circles,and the existing research has also discussed some key issues such as the property rights reform mode of rural collective operating assets, and the difficulties and challenges in practice. However,these discussions lack a comprehensive field study of the overall reform process,and the research on the factors affecting the reform process are still at the level of case analysis. This study systematically sorts out the process of property rights reform of rural collectively-operated assets in China and the reform models of various regions. Based on the survey data of 156 villages in nine provinces of China,this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the process of property rights reform of rural collective assets and its influencing factors. The results show that the progress of rural collective operating assets reform is quite different between provinces,and some local programs need to be revised. Asset evaluation,member definition,equity distribution and property rights arrangement are the difficulties and key points of the reform. There are regional heterogeneity in the factors that influence the development of the confirmation of rural operational assets,and the large scale of assets and the traditional centralized village governance slow down the progress of the confirmation.
引文
1.Fu,C.&Davis,J.Land Reform in Rural China Since the Mid-1980s.Land Reform,1998,s1:123~137
2.Po,Lanchih Po.Redefining Rural Collectives in China:Land Conversion and the Emergence of Rural Shareholding Co-operatives.Urban Studies,2008,45(8):1603~1623
3.段龙龙,刘晓茜.农村集体资产股份量化改革:模式、争鸣与出路.经济体制改革,2014(6):72~76
4.傅晨.论农村社区型股份合作制制度变迁的起源.中国农村观察,1999(2):3~10
5.顾建列.“苏南模式”需要创新——关于农村集体经济科学发展的思考.江苏农村经济,2007(6):47~48
6.黄延信,余葵,师高康,王刚,黎阳,胡顺平,王安琪.对农村集体产权制度改革若干问题的思考.农业经济问题,2014(4):8~14
7.金文龙.早期工业化、决策自由度与集体资产认知-对村集体资产股份合作制改革的观察.上海大学,2016
8.李宽,熊万胜.农村集体资产产权改革何以稳妥进行——以上海松江农村集体资产产权改革为例.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(2):8~16
9.李鑫.周村股份合作制改革试验及其初步效应.中国农村经济,1993(3):29~32
10.刘东.乡镇企业改制的产权理论分析.产业经济研究,2003(2):14~18
11.农业部经管总站体系与信息处.2016年农村集体经济组织运行情况.农村经营管理,2017(8):42~43
12.农业部课题组,贺军伟.推进农村集体经济组织产权制度改革.中国发展观察,2006(12):29~36
13.农业部农村经济体制与经营管理司调研组.浙江省农村集体产权制度改革调研报告.农业经济问题,2013(10):4~9
14.谭秋成.乡镇集体企业中经营者持大股:特征及解释.经济研究,1999(4):47~53
15.王敬尧,李晓鹏.城乡统筹进程中的农村集体产权改革——以温州“三分三改”为蓝本.求是学刊,2012,39(6):68~75
16.王旭章.乡镇企业转制后“经营性集体资产”的治理和发展.江南论坛,2001(8):20~22
17.王琢.中国农村土地产权制度新论——南海创新土地产权制度的试验.中国农村经济,1994(5):16~21
18.张新华,刘锐强,陈恩林,陈土日.佛山市农村集体经济发展与分配的调查和思考.南方农村,2004(1):30~34
19.卢文.搞好农村集体资产的经营管理.农业经济问题,1999(1):8~13
20.钟桂荔,夏英.农村集体资产股份权能改革的关键问题——基于8县(市、区)试点的调研观察.农业经济问题,2017(6):30~35
*村集体资产包括资源类资产、村经营性资产和村非经营性资产。资源类资产在本次调研中包括林木、池塘、耕地、草原、盐碱地、荒山和石矿,经营类资产包括机器设备、村办企业、出租和闲置的校舍、小水电和小产权房,非经营类资产则是集体使用的校舍
*因样本村仅涉及非经营性资产41项,观测数量小,模型不易拟合,这里不对非经营性资产确权进度的影响因素作分析
2.Po,Lanchih Po.Redefining Rural Collectives in China:Land Conversion and the Emergence of Rural Shareholding Co-operatives.Urban Studies,2008,45(8):1603~1623
3.段龙龙,刘晓茜.农村集体资产股份量化改革:模式、争鸣与出路.经济体制改革,2014(6):72~76
4.傅晨.论农村社区型股份合作制制度变迁的起源.中国农村观察,1999(2):3~10
5.顾建列.“苏南模式”需要创新——关于农村集体经济科学发展的思考.江苏农村经济,2007(6):47~48
6.黄延信,余葵,师高康,王刚,黎阳,胡顺平,王安琪.对农村集体产权制度改革若干问题的思考.农业经济问题,2014(4):8~14
7.金文龙.早期工业化、决策自由度与集体资产认知-对村集体资产股份合作制改革的观察.上海大学,2016
8.李宽,熊万胜.农村集体资产产权改革何以稳妥进行——以上海松江农村集体资产产权改革为例.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(2):8~16
9.李鑫.周村股份合作制改革试验及其初步效应.中国农村经济,1993(3):29~32
10.刘东.乡镇企业改制的产权理论分析.产业经济研究,2003(2):14~18
11.农业部经管总站体系与信息处.2016年农村集体经济组织运行情况.农村经营管理,2017(8):42~43
12.农业部课题组,贺军伟.推进农村集体经济组织产权制度改革.中国发展观察,2006(12):29~36
13.农业部农村经济体制与经营管理司调研组.浙江省农村集体产权制度改革调研报告.农业经济问题,2013(10):4~9
14.谭秋成.乡镇集体企业中经营者持大股:特征及解释.经济研究,1999(4):47~53
15.王敬尧,李晓鹏.城乡统筹进程中的农村集体产权改革——以温州“三分三改”为蓝本.求是学刊,2012,39(6):68~75
16.王旭章.乡镇企业转制后“经营性集体资产”的治理和发展.江南论坛,2001(8):20~22
17.王琢.中国农村土地产权制度新论——南海创新土地产权制度的试验.中国农村经济,1994(5):16~21
18.张新华,刘锐强,陈恩林,陈土日.佛山市农村集体经济发展与分配的调查和思考.南方农村,2004(1):30~34
19.卢文.搞好农村集体资产的经营管理.农业经济问题,1999(1):8~13
20.钟桂荔,夏英.农村集体资产股份权能改革的关键问题——基于8县(市、区)试点的调研观察.农业经济问题,2017(6):30~35
*村集体资产包括资源类资产、村经营性资产和村非经营性资产。资源类资产在本次调研中包括林木、池塘、耕地、草原、盐碱地、荒山和石矿,经营类资产包括机器设备、村办企业、出租和闲置的校舍、小水电和小产权房,非经营类资产则是集体使用的校舍
*因样本村仅涉及非经营性资产41项,观测数量小,模型不易拟合,这里不对非经营性资产确权进度的影响因素作分析