非测绘专业RS和GIS一体化综合实习教学改革研究与实践——以湖南农业大学城规专业为例
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摘要
目前非测绘专业RS和GIS的实习在教学内容和教学组织上存在前后割裂的缺陷,具体表现为RS采集数据后,缺少进一步深入的空间分析和知识挖掘过程;而GIS操作的数据源现势性差,大多采用已经示例数据,既导致了数据资源的浪费,又使学生缺少对空间信息项目总体流程的把握。本文厘清了这两门课程的逻辑关系,提出了将这两门课程实习合并为空间数据采集和分析综合实习的思路,以解决城乡规划科学问题为目标,以项目实战过程为主线,对实习内容进行了一体化设计。即采用面向对象法对高分辨率遥感影像进行了解译,其成果作为GIS数据源;然后通过空间分析计算城市规划指标,并进行了建筑日照分析。在湖南农业大学城规专业进行了实践检验,结果表明,空间数据采集与分析实习包括空间数据的采集、空间数据建库和空间分析,逻辑清晰、可操作性强,提升了学生综合动手能力,实习效果较好,可为其他高校和专业的空间信息相关课程实习的教学改革提供可借鉴的思路和方案。
At present,gaps exist in the practice teaching content and teaching organization between GIS and RS in non-geomatics specialty.No further spatial analysis and knowledge mining after data extraction by RS,and data sources for GIS are out of date because of using sample data already done.Both of these phenomena not only lead the waste of data resources,but also make students short of the overall process of geomatics project.The logical relationship between the two courses was clarified and Spatial Data Collection and Analysis Integrated Practice teaching method was put forward to combine the practice teaching for the two courses.The teaching content was designed to solve scientific problems in urban and village plan field and featured as total project process:Spatial data was extracted from high resolution remote sensing imagery and taken as GIS data source,then urban plan indices were calculated through spatial analysis and solar radiance analysis was performed.The integrated practice teaching was applied in urban and village planning major in Hunan Agricultural University and the results showed that:Spatial Data Collection and Analysis Integrated Practice included spatial data collection,spatial database construction and spatial analysis with clear logic and strong operability.The integrated practice raised the students' s practical ability and provided reference for the teaching reforming for related courses in other universities and professionals.
At present,gaps exist in the practice teaching content and teaching organization between GIS and RS in non-geomatics specialty.No further spatial analysis and knowledge mining after data extraction by RS,and data sources for GIS are out of date because of using sample data already done.Both of these phenomena not only lead the waste of data resources,but also make students short of the overall process of geomatics project.The logical relationship between the two courses was clarified and Spatial Data Collection and Analysis Integrated Practice teaching method was put forward to combine the practice teaching for the two courses.The teaching content was designed to solve scientific problems in urban and village plan field and featured as total project process:Spatial data was extracted from high resolution remote sensing imagery and taken as GIS data source,then urban plan indices were calculated through spatial analysis and solar radiance analysis was performed.The integrated practice teaching was applied in urban and village planning major in Hunan Agricultural University and the results showed that:Spatial Data Collection and Analysis Integrated Practice included spatial data collection,spatial database construction and spatial analysis with clear logic and strong operability.The integrated practice raised the students' s practical ability and provided reference for the teaching reforming for related courses in other universities and professionals.
引文
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[4]游传金.非测绘专业院校开展航测教学的设想[J].测绘技术装备,2002(3):46.
[5]曹建农,焦莉.非专业GIS教育若干问题[J].测绘技术装备,2000(2):42-43.
[6]梁晓莉,李利伟,程钢,等.灰度共生矩阵和模糊分类的高分辨率光学影像欠发达村落提取[J].测绘通报,2015(8):25-29.
[7]姚君兰,王红,胡斌斌.基于矢量数据的城市建成区范围提取方法[J].测绘通报,2016(5):84-87.
[8]王庆国.测量学与GIS课程一体化教学的研究[J].测绘通报,2013(5):108-110.
[9]谢红霞,王翠红,王改兰,等.浅议本科实验课程整合设计研究——以湖南农大地理信息系统与资源环境分析技术实验课程为例[J].新西部,2010(6):204-205.
[10]谢红霞,王翠红,周清,等.高校人文地理与城乡规划专业不同实验模块整合设计[J].新西部,2015(17):43-44.
[11]韦玉春.遥感数字图像处理实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[12]汤国安,杨昕.Arc GIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2015.
[13]邓书斌,ENVI遥感图像处理方法[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2014.
[14]宋小冬.地理信息系统实习教程[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2013.
[15]谢小魁,陈青海,谢红霞,等.基于遥感和地理信息系统的建筑三维快速建模[J].绿色科技,2016(4):182-184.