中国山洪沟现状及防洪治理对策
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摘要
为了推动重点山洪沟治理项目更好地开展,与所在小流域的监测预警系统和群测群防体系等相结合,形成综合防御体系,通过数据分析、案例研究、现场调研、经验总结等方法,在阐述山洪沟定义的基础上,综述国内外山洪沟治理研究技术,介绍我国重点山洪沟治理项目的现状,共规划治理山洪灾害危害重的重点山洪沟1 664条,建设了适合我国国情的专群结合的山洪灾害防治体系,发挥了显著的防灾减灾效益,然后从治理特点、治理部署特点、治理技术特点等方面进行分析。结果表明:中国山洪沟的整体分布、危害情况等与山洪灾害防治区基本一致,具有覆盖范围广、投资力度大、治理任务重、发生灾害频繁、基础防御能力低、人类活动影响严重等特点。结合山洪沟治理存在的问题,提出密切结合非工程措施,管理和监督共同推进,多渠道筹集资金,建立激励机制,强化技术、法律、宣传等措施,以期实现最大限度地减少人民生命财产损失。
In order to better promote the development of the key flash flood gulley control project,a comprehensive defense system has been formed in combination with the monitoring and early warning system and mass observation and mass preparedness system in the small watersheds.Based on the data analysis,case study,field investigation,experience summarization etc.,the paper expounded the definition,summarized the research technology of flash flood gulley control at home and abroad and introduced the current situation of key flash flood gulley control project in China,which had planned to control a total of 1 664 key mountain flood gullies with severe floods.It had creatively constructed the special flash flood prevention system which played a significant role in flash flood disaster prevention.Then the paper analyzed from the governance characteristics,deployment characteristics and technology characteristics of the flash flood gulley.The results are as follows,the overall distribution of flash flood gullies is basically consistent with the flash flood prevention area.It has the characteristics of wide coverage,large investment,heavy management task,frequent occurrence of disasters,low basic defense capability and serious human activities etc.Finally,combining with the problems of the construction of flash flood gulley control,it puts forward that the measures such as nonproject construction,management and supervision should be carried out in close cooperation,raise funds through various channels,establish incentive mechanism,strengthen technology,law,and publicity etc,all of the above contributed to achieve the maximum reduction of people's lives and property losses.
In order to better promote the development of the key flash flood gulley control project,a comprehensive defense system has been formed in combination with the monitoring and early warning system and mass observation and mass preparedness system in the small watersheds.Based on the data analysis,case study,field investigation,experience summarization etc.,the paper expounded the definition,summarized the research technology of flash flood gulley control at home and abroad and introduced the current situation of key flash flood gulley control project in China,which had planned to control a total of 1 664 key mountain flood gullies with severe floods.It had creatively constructed the special flash flood prevention system which played a significant role in flash flood disaster prevention.Then the paper analyzed from the governance characteristics,deployment characteristics and technology characteristics of the flash flood gulley.The results are as follows,the overall distribution of flash flood gullies is basically consistent with the flash flood prevention area.It has the characteristics of wide coverage,large investment,heavy management task,frequent occurrence of disasters,low basic defense capability and serious human activities etc.Finally,combining with the problems of the construction of flash flood gulley control,it puts forward that the measures such as nonproject construction,management and supervision should be carried out in close cooperation,raise funds through various channels,establish incentive mechanism,strengthen technology,law,and publicity etc,all of the above contributed to achieve the maximum reduction of people's lives and property losses.
引文
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[22]张志彤.山洪灾害防治措施与成效[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(1):1-5.
[2]全国山洪灾害防治项目组.重点山洪沟防洪治理试点项目建设指导意见[R].北京:国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,2013:5-10.
[3]何秉顺,凌永玉,王文科,等.稳步推进重点山洪沟防洪治理项目的思考[J].中国防汛抗旱,2014,23(s1):12-14.
[4]方永庆.我国山洪沟治理模式探索[J].中国防汛抗旱,2014,23(s1):15-18.
[5]李瑛,黄建和.日本的山洪灾害防御体系[J].人民长江,2008,39(20):80-81.
[6]严黎,吴门伍,李杰.密西西比河的防洪经验及其启示[J].中国水利,2010(5):55-58.
[7]万洪涛.印度的洪水灾害与减灾措施[J].水利发展研究,2005,5(9):59-63.
[8]韦公远.国外防洪发展概述[J].水利天地,2003(5):32-33.
[9] F克里金,J迪吉克曼,马元顼.荷兰改变防洪策略[J].水利水电快报,2000(1):27-28.
[10]姜彤,王润.德国洪水管理战略指南评述[J].人民长江,2000,31(3):45-47.
[11]袁敬诚,张伶伶.欧洲洪水景观规划的原则与策略[C]//中国城市规划学会.规划创新:2010中国城市规划年会论文集.北京:中国城市规划学会,2010:10-12.
[12]王威,何志芸.长江流域防御山洪灾害对策浅探[J].人民长江,2003,34(10):14-15.
[13]孙晓英,王俊英.北京山区河道规划治理思路和方法[J].北京水务,2012(4):45-47.
[14]郑玉蓉.环县七里沟小流域综合治理工程规划新思路[J].农业科技与信息,2013(19):39-40.
[15]吴加宁,董福平.浙江省河道治理思路与措施[J].中国水利,2004(1):41-43.
[16]杨文虎.对青海省重点城镇河道治理的几点认识[J].现代农业,2010(9):75-77.
[17]杨丽波.西宁市城郊小流域综合治理措施及成效[J].中国水土保持,2011(9):53-55.
[18]陈涛.浅析辽宁省重点山洪沟防洪治理原则[J].湖南水利水电,2014(4):49-50.
[19]孙莉英,葛浩,庞占龙,等.长江流域不同类型山洪灾害受自然因素影响分析[J].人民长江,2016,47(14):1-6.
[20]何秉顺,黄先龙,张双艳.山洪沟治理工程设计要点探讨[J].中国水利,2012(23):13-15.
[21]张志彤.我国山洪灾害特点及其防治思路[J].中国水利,2007(14):14-15.
[22]张志彤.山洪灾害防治措施与成效[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(1):1-5.