重金属胁迫对白三叶种子萌发的影响
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摘要
为了探讨重金属胁迫对白三叶(Trifolium repens)种子萌发的影响,本研究模拟4种不同浓度重金属离子(Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+))条件,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和相对胚根(芽)长等相关指标。结果表明:白三叶种子对Cd~(2+)的耐受能力最强,Zn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)次之,对Pb~(2+)的耐受能力最弱。总体上,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和相对胚根(芽)长随着重金属离子浓度的增加表现出不同程度的下降趋势。高浓度重金属离子对白三叶种子萌发及生长发育会产生严重的阻碍作用。然而,低浓度的Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)对胚的生长具有一定促进作用,表明白三叶对低浓度重金属环境有一定适应性。在本试验中,白三叶对Cd具有较强的耐受能力,5种不同浓度的Cd~(2+)条件下种子的发芽率均高于50%,且Cd~(2+)浓度为1mg/L时可促进种子的萌发。此外,进行过重金属处理的种子会表现出相对胚根长小于相对胚芽长,表明重金属胁迫首先影响种子根部的生长发育,从而抑制白三叶的生长。综上所述,白三叶对低浓度的Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和高浓度Cd~(2+)具有较好的耐受能力,可作为上述环境的绿化植被,并且在重金属Cd土壤污染中有良好修复前景。
In order to investigate the effect heavy metal stress on the seed germination of Trifolium repens,this study simulated the conditions of four different concentrations of heavy metal ions(Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+))and determined the germination rate,germination potential,germination index and relative radicle(germ)length.The results showed that the strongest tolerance of Trifolium repens seed was Cd~(2+),followed by Zn~(2+)and Cu~(2+),and the weakest tolerance was Pb~(2+).In general,the germination rate,germination potential,germination index and relative radicle(germ)length of seed showed different degrees of decline with the increase of heavy metal ion concentration.At high concentrations,heavy metal ions could concentration seriously hinder the germination and growth of Trifolium repens seeds.However,low concentrations of Zn~(2+),Cu~(2+)and Pb~(2+)had a certain promoting effect on embryo growth,indicated that Trifolium repens had certain adaptability to low concentration heavy metal environment.In this experiment,Trifolium repens had strong tolerance to cadmium environment.The germination rate of seeds were all higher than 50%,when the environmental concentration was 5different concentrations of Cd~(2+).And seed germination would be promoted under the Cd~(2+)concentration was 1mg/L.Inaddition,the seeds treated with heavy metal showed a relative radicle length less than the relative embryo length,it means that the heavy metal stress first affected the growth of the seed roots,and thereby inhibiting the growth of the Trifolium repens.Insummary,Trifolium repens had good tolerance to low concentrations of Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+) and high concentrations of Cd~(2+),which could be used as a green vegetation for the above environment,and had a good prospect for restoration in heavy metal Cd soil pollution.
In order to investigate the effect heavy metal stress on the seed germination of Trifolium repens,this study simulated the conditions of four different concentrations of heavy metal ions(Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+))and determined the germination rate,germination potential,germination index and relative radicle(germ)length.The results showed that the strongest tolerance of Trifolium repens seed was Cd~(2+),followed by Zn~(2+)and Cu~(2+),and the weakest tolerance was Pb~(2+).In general,the germination rate,germination potential,germination index and relative radicle(germ)length of seed showed different degrees of decline with the increase of heavy metal ion concentration.At high concentrations,heavy metal ions could concentration seriously hinder the germination and growth of Trifolium repens seeds.However,low concentrations of Zn~(2+),Cu~(2+)and Pb~(2+)had a certain promoting effect on embryo growth,indicated that Trifolium repens had certain adaptability to low concentration heavy metal environment.In this experiment,Trifolium repens had strong tolerance to cadmium environment.The germination rate of seeds were all higher than 50%,when the environmental concentration was 5different concentrations of Cd~(2+).And seed germination would be promoted under the Cd~(2+)concentration was 1mg/L.Inaddition,the seeds treated with heavy metal showed a relative radicle length less than the relative embryo length,it means that the heavy metal stress first affected the growth of the seed roots,and thereby inhibiting the growth of the Trifolium repens.Insummary,Trifolium repens had good tolerance to low concentrations of Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+) and high concentrations of Cd~(2+),which could be used as a green vegetation for the above environment,and had a good prospect for restoration in heavy metal Cd soil pollution.
引文
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[11]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.
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[14]孙晓梅,赵明珠,刘周莉,等.镉胁迫对白三叶萌发种子生理特性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014(4):52-56.
[15]于凤鸣,刘玉艳,张海荣.硫酸锌对黑麦草种子萌发的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(4):85-88.
[16]陆开形.盐胁迫对大豆光合作用和抗氧化系统的影响及其调控机制[D].浙江大学,2008.
[17]任秀娟,杨文平,程亚南.植物富集效应与污染土壤植物修复技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2015:89-97.
[18]赵玉红,拉巴曲吉,罗布,等.铜、镉、铅、锌对4种豆科植物种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2017,36(1):22-28.
[19]廖自基.环境中微量重金属元素的污染危害于迁移转化[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:238-245.
[20]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.
[21]宋凤鸣,刘建华,吴彩琼,等.五种重金属胁迫对白三叶和红三叶种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,2014(4):276-280.
[22]况武,田伟莉,高全喜.白三叶在铜、镉、铅复合污染土壤修复上的应用[J].能源工程,2012(6):53-56.
[2]Khan S,Aijun L,Zhang S,et al.Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals inlettuce grown in the soils contaminated with long-term wastewater irrigation.[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(2):506-515.
[3]孟格蕾,邰志娟,邓纪凤,等.重金属污染对植物的影响及植物修复技术[J].应用技术学报,2018,18(2):118-123.
[4]邵云,郝真真,王文斐,等.土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(17):193-196.
[5]王金泉.重金属污染土壤修复技术及其修复实践[J].工程技术:引文版,2016(6):00144-00144.
[6]朱阳春,张振华,钟小仙,等.牧草修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(4):1-6.
[7]闫成竹.白三叶(Trifoliumrepens L.)根对重金属Cd响应的研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2017.
[8]金山,朱婷,曹社会.锌胁迫对白三叶生理生化特性的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2013,59(4):34-37.
[9]韦新东,黄一格,王颖.镉、铅胁迫对白三叶种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(2):71-74.
[10]付融冰,郭小品,徐珍.国际重金属污染防治制度[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016:219-220.
[11]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.
[12]夏法刚,季彪俊,吴锋.引发处理对铜胁迫下番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].闽西职业技术学院学报,2017,19(2):104-108.
[13]于辉,王俊丽,向佐湘.镉胁迫对白三叶和马蹄金种子萌发的影响[J].草原与草坪,2012,32(1):39-41.
[14]孙晓梅,赵明珠,刘周莉,等.镉胁迫对白三叶萌发种子生理特性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014(4):52-56.
[15]于凤鸣,刘玉艳,张海荣.硫酸锌对黑麦草种子萌发的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(4):85-88.
[16]陆开形.盐胁迫对大豆光合作用和抗氧化系统的影响及其调控机制[D].浙江大学,2008.
[17]任秀娟,杨文平,程亚南.植物富集效应与污染土壤植物修复技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2015:89-97.
[18]赵玉红,拉巴曲吉,罗布,等.铜、镉、铅、锌对4种豆科植物种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2017,36(1):22-28.
[19]廖自基.环境中微量重金属元素的污染危害于迁移转化[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:238-245.
[20]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.
[21]宋凤鸣,刘建华,吴彩琼,等.五种重金属胁迫对白三叶和红三叶种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,2014(4):276-280.
[22]况武,田伟莉,高全喜.白三叶在铜、镉、铅复合污染土壤修复上的应用[J].能源工程,2012(6):53-56.