坦桑尼亚某绿岩带型金矿床中黄铁矿的标型特征及意义
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摘要
黄铁矿是金矿床中主要的贯通性载金矿物,通过对坦桑尼亚某绿岩带型金矿床中黄铁矿的形态、化学组成和物理性质等标型特征进行详细研究,能够从某种程度上识别出含金矿体,对野外勘查工作具有重要指导意义。通过野外地质观察和室内分析对绿岩带型金矿床中的黄铁矿标型特征进行了详细研究,结果表明:该矿床中黄铁矿呈浅黄—黄色,以细粒为主,具有半自形和碎裂结构的黄铁矿含金性最好;主矿体即金矿化强烈区域黄铁矿晶形以五角十二面体和五角十二面体与其他单形的聚形为主。主成矿阶段的黄铁矿主量元素整体表现出亏S、富Fe的特点,而微量元素富As、Sb,表明形成了载金能力较好的P型黄铁矿;主矿体附近黄铁矿的热电性主要表现为P为矿脉浅部,向深部矿脉仍有较大的延伸,由此推断该矿床深部具有良好的找矿前景。
The greenstone belt around Victoria Lake in Northwest Tanzania is one of the world famous gold metallogenic belts,but its overall research level is relatively low,especially lack of research on major goldbearing minerals.Pyrite is mainly connectivity gold-bearing mineral in gold deposit,through observing,analyzing and studying the typomorphic characteristics such as morphology,chemical composition and physical properties of pyrite in greenstone belt type gold deposits around Victoria Lake in Tanzania,the organic relationship between typomorphic characteristics and gold grade is found out and applied to the field gold exploration.It is helpful for geologists to distinguish the characteristics of gold-bearing ore bodies in time and accurately,and it has an important guiding significance for field exploration to some extent recognition gold ore body. In this paper,the typomorphic characteristics of pyrite in the greenstone belt type gold deposit have been studied in detail by means of field observation,microscopic observation,electron probe analysis and ICP-MS.The results show that the pyrite in the deposit is light yellow-yellow,mainly fine particles and it has best gold-bearing for pyrite with subhedral and cataclastic structure. It is mainly composed of pentagonal dodecahedron,pentagonal dodecahedron and other monomorphic polygons in the main ore body which gold mineralization is strong.The S/Fe average value of pyrite in the main metallogenic period is 1.96,and it shows that the characteristics of the main content elements of pyrite in the main metallogenic stage,with deficient S and rich Fe as a whole,and showing the sulfur fugacity of the hydrothermal system in the main metallogenic period is low,while the trace elements are rich in As and Sb,which is positively correlated with the content of Au element. It shows that these elements displace S element in pyrite and form P-type pyrite with better gold-carrying capacity.Pyroelectricity of pyrite near the main ore body is P-type pyrite,it mainly shows the lower denudation extent of overall gold vein,and the exposed vein is only shallow,and there is still a large extension to the deep of the vein,thus it has a good prospecting for deep.
The greenstone belt around Victoria Lake in Northwest Tanzania is one of the world famous gold metallogenic belts,but its overall research level is relatively low,especially lack of research on major goldbearing minerals.Pyrite is mainly connectivity gold-bearing mineral in gold deposit,through observing,analyzing and studying the typomorphic characteristics such as morphology,chemical composition and physical properties of pyrite in greenstone belt type gold deposits around Victoria Lake in Tanzania,the organic relationship between typomorphic characteristics and gold grade is found out and applied to the field gold exploration.It is helpful for geologists to distinguish the characteristics of gold-bearing ore bodies in time and accurately,and it has an important guiding significance for field exploration to some extent recognition gold ore body. In this paper,the typomorphic characteristics of pyrite in the greenstone belt type gold deposit have been studied in detail by means of field observation,microscopic observation,electron probe analysis and ICP-MS.The results show that the pyrite in the deposit is light yellow-yellow,mainly fine particles and it has best gold-bearing for pyrite with subhedral and cataclastic structure. It is mainly composed of pentagonal dodecahedron,pentagonal dodecahedron and other monomorphic polygons in the main ore body which gold mineralization is strong.The S/Fe average value of pyrite in the main metallogenic period is 1.96,and it shows that the characteristics of the main content elements of pyrite in the main metallogenic stage,with deficient S and rich Fe as a whole,and showing the sulfur fugacity of the hydrothermal system in the main metallogenic period is low,while the trace elements are rich in As and Sb,which is positively correlated with the content of Au element. It shows that these elements displace S element in pyrite and form P-type pyrite with better gold-carrying capacity.Pyroelectricity of pyrite near the main ore body is P-type pyrite,it mainly shows the lower denudation extent of overall gold vein,and the exposed vein is only shallow,and there is still a large extension to the deep of the vein,thus it has a good prospecting for deep.
引文
[1]崔小军,王建光,彭俊,等.坦桑尼亚维多利亚湖东部绿岩带金矿床地质特征及成因浅析[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(4):789-794.Cui Xiaojun,Wang Jianguang,Peng Jun,et al.Geological characteristics and metallogeny of the gold deposits in the East Victoria greenstone belt of Tanzania[J].Geology and Exploration,2014,50(4):789-794.
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[4]沈保丰.太古宙绿岩带中金矿床的地质特征和找矿标志[J].国外前寒武纪地质,1987(2):1-35.Shen Baofeng.Geological characteristics and prospecting criteria of gold deposits in Archean greenstone belts[J].International Precambrian Geology,1987(2):1-35.
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[7]宫丽,马光.黄铁矿的成分标型特征及其在金属矿床中的指示意义[J].地质找矿论丛,2011,26(2):162-166.Gong Li,Ma Guang.The characteristic typomorphic composition of pyrite and its indicative meaning to metal deposits[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2011,26(2):162-166.
[8]高凤,李和平,徐丽萍,等.黄铁矿形貌标型特征的研究进展[J].矿物学报,2014,34(3):379-384.Gao Feng,Li Heping,Xu Liping,et al.Research progress on typomorphic features of pyrite[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2014,34(3):379-384.
[9]卿敏,韩先菊.金矿床主要矿物标型特征研究综述[J].黄金地质,2003,9(4):39-45.Qing Min,Han Xianju.A summarize of the typomorphic features of minerals in gold deposit[J].Gold Geology,2003,9(4):39-45.
[10]李逸凡,李洪奎,汤启云,等.山东旧店金矿黄铁矿标型特征及其地质意义[J].黄金科学技术,2015,23(2):45-50.Li Yifan,Li Hongkui,Tang Qiyun,et al.Typomorphic characteristics and geological significance of pyrite in Jiudian gold deposit,Shandong Province[J].Gold Science and Technology,2015,23(2):45-50.
[11]李勇.辽南上达子堡金矿化区黄铁矿标型特征及意义[J].吉林地质,2015,34(2):37-43.Li Yong.The typomorphic characteristics and significance of pyrite in Shangdazibao gold mineralization zone,Southern Liaodong Peninsula[J].Jilin Geology,2015,34(2):37-43.
[12]王晓青,杨兴科,芮会超.内蒙古岱王山金矿黄铁矿形态标型及其变化规律与找矿意义[J].黄金科学技术,2017,25(5):39-46.Wang Xiaoqing,Yang Xingke,Rui Huichao.The crystal form typomorphism of pyrite and its variation regularity and prospecting significance in Daiwangshan gold deposit,Inner Mongolia[J].Gold Science and Technology,2017,25(5):39-46.
[13]高振敏,杨竹森,李红阳,等.黄铁矿载金的原因和特征[J].高校地质学报,2000,6(2):156-162.Gao Zhenmin,Yang Zhusen,Li Hongyang,et al.Genesis and characteristics of gold hosted by pyrite[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2000,6(2):156-162.
[14]薛建玲,李胜荣,孙文燕,等.胶东邓格庄金矿黄铁矿成因矿物学特征及其找矿意义[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(11):1857-1873.Xue Jianling,Li Shengrong,Sun Wenyan,et al.Characteristics of the genetic mineralogy of pyrite and its significance for prospecting in the Denggezhuang gold deposit[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,43(11):1857-1873.
[15]李勇.辽南上达子堡金矿化区黄铁矿标型特征及意义[J].吉林地质,2015,34(2):37-43.Li Yong.The typomorphic characteristics and significance of pyrite in Shangdazibao gold mineralization zone,Southern Liaodong Peninsula[J].Jilin Geology,2015,34(2):37-43.
[16]刘文化,张殿龙,杨晋升,等.山东埠上金矿黄铁矿成因矿物学研究[J].黄金科学技术,2011,19(2):47-51.Liu Wenhua,Zhang Dianlong,Yang Jinsheng,et al.Study on genetic minerageny of pyrite in Bushang gold mine,Shandong Province[J].Gold Science and Technology,2011,19(2):47-51.
[17]李胜荣,陈光远,邵伟,等.胶东乳山金矿黄铁矿形态研究[J].地质找矿论丛,1994,9(1):79-86.Li Shengrong,Chen Guangyuan,Shao Wei,et al.Study on morphology of pyrite from Rushan gold mines,Jiaodong region[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,1994,9(1):79-86.
[18]刘腾飞.桂东金矿黄铁矿标型特征及找矿意义[J].黄金地质,1996,2(1):70-76.Liu Tengfei.Typomorphic characteristic of pyrite and its prospecting implication in gold deposits,Eastern Guangxi[J].Gold Geology,1996,2(1):70-76.
[19]Liu Y S,Hu Z C,Gao S,et al.In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MSwithout applying an internal standard[J].Chemical Geology,2008,257(1/2):34-43.
[20]申俊峰,李胜荣,马广钢,等.玲珑金矿黄铁矿标型特征及其大纵深变化规律与找矿意义[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):55-75.Shen Junfeng,Li Shengrong,Ma Guanggang,et al.Typomorphic characteristics of pyrite from the Linglong gold deposit:Its vertical variation and prospecting significance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(3):55-75.
[21]邵伟,陈光远,孙岱生.黄铁矿热电性研究方法及其在胶东金矿的应用[J].现代地质,1990,4(1):46-57.Shao Wei,Chen Guangyuan,Sun Daisheng.Method of investigating thermoelrctricity of pyrite and its application to pyrites from gold deposits in Jiaodong region[J].Geoscience,1990,4(1):46-57.
[22]李胜荣,陈光远,邵伟,等.胶东乳山金矿田成因矿物学[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.Li Shengrong,Chen Guangyuan,Shao Wei,et al.Genetic Mineralogy of the Rushan Gold Field in Jiaodong[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.
[23]陈光远,孙岱生,殷辉安.成因矿物学与找矿矿物学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1987.Chen Guangyuan,Sun Daisheng,Yin Hui’an.Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,1987.
[24]Chen G Y,Sun D S,ShaoW,et al.Atlas of Mineralog-ical Mapping in East Jiaodong Gold Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:73-95,119-125.
[25]李红兵,曾凡治.金矿中的黄铁矿标型特征[J].地质找矿论丛,2005,20(3):199-203.Li Hongbing,Zeng Fanzhi.The pyrite’s typomorphic characteristics in gold deposit[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2005,20(3):199-203.
[2]Borg G,Krogh T.Isotopic age data of single zircons from the Archean Sukuma land greenstone belt,Tanzania[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,1999,29(2):301-312.
[3]Borg G,吴礼道.坦桑尼亚盖塔和朱比利里夫太古代条带状铁建造中金矿床的成因探讨[J].国外火山地质,1992(1):32-43.Borg G,Wu Lidao.Discussion on the genesis of gold deposits in Archean BIF in Getia and Jubilee Reef of Tanzania[J].International Volcanology,1992(1):32-43.
[4]沈保丰.太古宙绿岩带中金矿床的地质特征和找矿标志[J].国外前寒武纪地质,1987(2):1-35.Shen Baofeng.Geological characteristics and prospecting criteria of gold deposits in Archean greenstone belts[J].International Precambrian Geology,1987(2):1-35.
[5]沈保丰,骆辉,胡小蝶,等.中国绿岩带金矿资源的现状特色和展望[J].矿产地质,1991(8):14-17.Shen Baofeng,Luo Hui,Hu Xiaodie,et al.The present situation and prospect of the gold deposits of greenstone belt in China[J].Mineral Geology,1991(8):14-17.
[6]沈保丰,毛德宝,李俊健.中国绿岩带型金矿床类型和地质特征[J].前寒武纪研究进展,1997,20(4):1-12.Shen Baofeng,Mao Debao,Li Junjian.Type and geological character of Chinese greenstone belts gold deposits[J].Progress in Precambrian Research,1997,20(4):1-12.
[7]宫丽,马光.黄铁矿的成分标型特征及其在金属矿床中的指示意义[J].地质找矿论丛,2011,26(2):162-166.Gong Li,Ma Guang.The characteristic typomorphic composition of pyrite and its indicative meaning to metal deposits[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2011,26(2):162-166.
[8]高凤,李和平,徐丽萍,等.黄铁矿形貌标型特征的研究进展[J].矿物学报,2014,34(3):379-384.Gao Feng,Li Heping,Xu Liping,et al.Research progress on typomorphic features of pyrite[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2014,34(3):379-384.
[9]卿敏,韩先菊.金矿床主要矿物标型特征研究综述[J].黄金地质,2003,9(4):39-45.Qing Min,Han Xianju.A summarize of the typomorphic features of minerals in gold deposit[J].Gold Geology,2003,9(4):39-45.
[10]李逸凡,李洪奎,汤启云,等.山东旧店金矿黄铁矿标型特征及其地质意义[J].黄金科学技术,2015,23(2):45-50.Li Yifan,Li Hongkui,Tang Qiyun,et al.Typomorphic characteristics and geological significance of pyrite in Jiudian gold deposit,Shandong Province[J].Gold Science and Technology,2015,23(2):45-50.
[11]李勇.辽南上达子堡金矿化区黄铁矿标型特征及意义[J].吉林地质,2015,34(2):37-43.Li Yong.The typomorphic characteristics and significance of pyrite in Shangdazibao gold mineralization zone,Southern Liaodong Peninsula[J].Jilin Geology,2015,34(2):37-43.
[12]王晓青,杨兴科,芮会超.内蒙古岱王山金矿黄铁矿形态标型及其变化规律与找矿意义[J].黄金科学技术,2017,25(5):39-46.Wang Xiaoqing,Yang Xingke,Rui Huichao.The crystal form typomorphism of pyrite and its variation regularity and prospecting significance in Daiwangshan gold deposit,Inner Mongolia[J].Gold Science and Technology,2017,25(5):39-46.
[13]高振敏,杨竹森,李红阳,等.黄铁矿载金的原因和特征[J].高校地质学报,2000,6(2):156-162.Gao Zhenmin,Yang Zhusen,Li Hongyang,et al.Genesis and characteristics of gold hosted by pyrite[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2000,6(2):156-162.
[14]薛建玲,李胜荣,孙文燕,等.胶东邓格庄金矿黄铁矿成因矿物学特征及其找矿意义[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(11):1857-1873.Xue Jianling,Li Shengrong,Sun Wenyan,et al.Characteristics of the genetic mineralogy of pyrite and its significance for prospecting in the Denggezhuang gold deposit[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,43(11):1857-1873.
[15]李勇.辽南上达子堡金矿化区黄铁矿标型特征及意义[J].吉林地质,2015,34(2):37-43.Li Yong.The typomorphic characteristics and significance of pyrite in Shangdazibao gold mineralization zone,Southern Liaodong Peninsula[J].Jilin Geology,2015,34(2):37-43.
[16]刘文化,张殿龙,杨晋升,等.山东埠上金矿黄铁矿成因矿物学研究[J].黄金科学技术,2011,19(2):47-51.Liu Wenhua,Zhang Dianlong,Yang Jinsheng,et al.Study on genetic minerageny of pyrite in Bushang gold mine,Shandong Province[J].Gold Science and Technology,2011,19(2):47-51.
[17]李胜荣,陈光远,邵伟,等.胶东乳山金矿黄铁矿形态研究[J].地质找矿论丛,1994,9(1):79-86.Li Shengrong,Chen Guangyuan,Shao Wei,et al.Study on morphology of pyrite from Rushan gold mines,Jiaodong region[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,1994,9(1):79-86.
[18]刘腾飞.桂东金矿黄铁矿标型特征及找矿意义[J].黄金地质,1996,2(1):70-76.Liu Tengfei.Typomorphic characteristic of pyrite and its prospecting implication in gold deposits,Eastern Guangxi[J].Gold Geology,1996,2(1):70-76.
[19]Liu Y S,Hu Z C,Gao S,et al.In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MSwithout applying an internal standard[J].Chemical Geology,2008,257(1/2):34-43.
[20]申俊峰,李胜荣,马广钢,等.玲珑金矿黄铁矿标型特征及其大纵深变化规律与找矿意义[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):55-75.Shen Junfeng,Li Shengrong,Ma Guanggang,et al.Typomorphic characteristics of pyrite from the Linglong gold deposit:Its vertical variation and prospecting significance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(3):55-75.
[21]邵伟,陈光远,孙岱生.黄铁矿热电性研究方法及其在胶东金矿的应用[J].现代地质,1990,4(1):46-57.Shao Wei,Chen Guangyuan,Sun Daisheng.Method of investigating thermoelrctricity of pyrite and its application to pyrites from gold deposits in Jiaodong region[J].Geoscience,1990,4(1):46-57.
[22]李胜荣,陈光远,邵伟,等.胶东乳山金矿田成因矿物学[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.Li Shengrong,Chen Guangyuan,Shao Wei,et al.Genetic Mineralogy of the Rushan Gold Field in Jiaodong[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.
[23]陈光远,孙岱生,殷辉安.成因矿物学与找矿矿物学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1987.Chen Guangyuan,Sun Daisheng,Yin Hui’an.Genetic Mineralogy and Prospecting Mineralogy[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,1987.
[24]Chen G Y,Sun D S,ShaoW,et al.Atlas of Mineralog-ical Mapping in East Jiaodong Gold Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:73-95,119-125.
[25]李红兵,曾凡治.金矿中的黄铁矿标型特征[J].地质找矿论丛,2005,20(3):199-203.Li Hongbing,Zeng Fanzhi.The pyrite’s typomorphic characteristics in gold deposit[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2005,20(3):199-203.