绿汁发酵液和纤维素酶对稻草青贮及稻草、甘蔗梢混合青贮品质的影响
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摘要
本研究以稻草和甘蔗梢为青贮原料,调制稻草青贮及稻草与甘蔗梢混合青贮(混合比例为6∶4(m/m))。在稻草青贮及稻草、甘蔗梢混合青贮中均设计添加2 mL/kg的绿汁发酵液组(FGJ)、3 mL/kg的纤维素酶组(CEL)、2mL/kg绿汁发酵液+3mL/kg纤维素酶的复合组(MIX)和对照组(CON),每个处理重复3次,室温条件下贮存60d后开封,测定青贮的发酵品质和化学成分。结果显示,青贮原料稻草干物质中的可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)和粗蛋白质(CP)含量均低于甘蔗梢,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均高于甘蔗梢。稻草单独青贮后,与CON组相比,FGJ组的NDF、ADF、pH和氨态氮均极显著降低(P<0.01),WSC极显著增加(P<0.01),干物质回收率(DMR)升高;MIX组的NDF、ADF、pH、气体损失率(GLR)和氨态氮均极显著降低(P<0.01),乳酸、WSC及DMR升高;CEL组中除ADF显著降低外,其他指标也有不同程度的改善。与稻草青贮相比,稻草、甘蔗梢混合青贮的pH、氨态氮、NDF和半纤维素(HC)均降低,而DMR和WSC均明显升高。综上所述,绿汁发酵液及其与纤维素酶的复合添加剂对改善稻草青贮及稻草、甘蔗梢混合青贮品质的效果相近,且优于纤维素酶;稻草、甘蔗梢混合青贮的品质优于稻草青贮。
Rice straw and sugarcane tip were used as the silage materials in this research,and there were two groups:Rice straw silage and mixed silage of rice straw and sugarcane tip with the mixed ratio 6∶4(m/m).Four treatment groups were set up in each silage:Control group(CON)and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice(FGJ),3 mL/kg cellulase(CEL)and 2 mL/kg FGJ+3 mL/kg CEL(MIX),and treatment was repeated 3 times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature for 60 days,and the fermentation quality and chemical compositions were tested.The result showed that for the two kinds of raw silage materials,the contents of WSC and CP in rice straw were lower than those in sugarcane tip,while the contents of NDF and ADF in rice straw were higher than those of sugarcane tip.Compared with the CON group,the NDF,ADF,pH and NH3-N in FGJ group were extremely significantly decreased when rice straw was silaged alone(P<0.01),while WSC was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and DMR was increased.The NDF,ADF,pH,GLR and NH3-N in MIX group were ex-tremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),while lactic acid,WSC and DMR were increased.In CEL group,the ADF was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and other indicators also had improved in different degrees.Compared with rice straw silage,the NDF,HC,pH and NH3-N of mixed silage were lower,while DMR and WSC were obviously increased.In conclusion,the fermented green juice and it compound with cellulase had the similar effects on improving the fermentation quality,and the effects were both better than that of cellulase.The fermentation quality of rice straw with sugarcane tip mixed silage was better than rice straw silage.
Rice straw and sugarcane tip were used as the silage materials in this research,and there were two groups:Rice straw silage and mixed silage of rice straw and sugarcane tip with the mixed ratio 6∶4(m/m).Four treatment groups were set up in each silage:Control group(CON)and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice(FGJ),3 mL/kg cellulase(CEL)and 2 mL/kg FGJ+3 mL/kg CEL(MIX),and treatment was repeated 3 times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature for 60 days,and the fermentation quality and chemical compositions were tested.The result showed that for the two kinds of raw silage materials,the contents of WSC and CP in rice straw were lower than those in sugarcane tip,while the contents of NDF and ADF in rice straw were higher than those of sugarcane tip.Compared with the CON group,the NDF,ADF,pH and NH3-N in FGJ group were extremely significantly decreased when rice straw was silaged alone(P<0.01),while WSC was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and DMR was increased.The NDF,ADF,pH,GLR and NH3-N in MIX group were ex-tremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),while lactic acid,WSC and DMR were increased.In CEL group,the ADF was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and other indicators also had improved in different degrees.Compared with rice straw silage,the NDF,HC,pH and NH3-N of mixed silage were lower,while DMR and WSC were obviously increased.In conclusion,the fermented green juice and it compound with cellulase had the similar effects on improving the fermentation quality,and the effects were both better than that of cellulase.The fermentation quality of rice straw with sugarcane tip mixed silage was better than rice straw silage.
引文
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[14]侯美玲,格根图,孙林,等.甲酸、纤维素酶、乳酸菌剂对典型草原天然牧草青贮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2977-2986.
[15]Wang J,Wang J Q,Zhou H,et al.Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,2009,151(3-4):280-290.
[16]Dean D B,Adesogan A K,Krueger N,et al.Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on the fermentation characteristics,aerobic stability,and digestibility of bermudagrass silage[J].Jounal of Dairy Science,2005,83(3):994-1003.
[17]Guo G,Yuan X,Li L,et al.Effects of fibrolytic enzymes,molasses and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed silage of corn and hulless-barely straw in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Grass Land Science,2014,60(40):240-246.
[18]徐然,陈鹏飞,白史且,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对光叶紫花苕青贮发酵品质的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(3):420-425.
[19]叶杭,张文昌,张国轶,等.绿汁发酵液和纤维素酶对香蕉茎玉米面粉混合青贮品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2014,35(8):28-33.
[20]兴丽,韩鲁佳,刘贤,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对全株玉米青贮发酵品质和微生物菌落的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,9(5):38-41.
[2]郭海明,夏天婵,朱雯,等.青贮添加剂对稻草青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(2):190-196.
[3]田瑞霞,安渊,梁金凤,等.添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地,2005,27(4):10-14.
[4]张英,周汉林,刘国道,等.绿汁发酵液与纤维素酶对王草青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(10):1640-1647
[5]庄益芬,陈国富,叶杭,等.纤维素酶对灵芝菌糟发酵饲料品质和发酵进程的影响[J].饲料研究,2015,3:21-25.
[6]大島光昭,木村英司,横田浩臣,等.搾汁発酵液あるいは乳酸菌の添加がアルファルファサイレージの品質に及ぼす影響[J].日本草地学会誌,1996,42(別号):280-281.
[7]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[8]森本宏.家畜栄養実験法[M].東京:養賢堂発行,1971.
[9]Han K J,Collins M,Vanzant E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914-919.
[10]Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,36(1):64-75.
[11]傅彤.微生物接种剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵进程及其品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
[12]安宅一夫.最新サイレージバイブル[M].日本:酪農学園出版部,2012.
[13]陈国富,张文昌,江伟伟,等.绿汁发酵液、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对灵芝菌糟发酵饲料品质的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(12):146-151.
[14]侯美玲,格根图,孙林,等.甲酸、纤维素酶、乳酸菌剂对典型草原天然牧草青贮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2977-2986.
[15]Wang J,Wang J Q,Zhou H,et al.Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,2009,151(3-4):280-290.
[16]Dean D B,Adesogan A K,Krueger N,et al.Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on the fermentation characteristics,aerobic stability,and digestibility of bermudagrass silage[J].Jounal of Dairy Science,2005,83(3):994-1003.
[17]Guo G,Yuan X,Li L,et al.Effects of fibrolytic enzymes,molasses and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed silage of corn and hulless-barely straw in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Grass Land Science,2014,60(40):240-246.
[18]徐然,陈鹏飞,白史且,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对光叶紫花苕青贮发酵品质的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(3):420-425.
[19]叶杭,张文昌,张国轶,等.绿汁发酵液和纤维素酶对香蕉茎玉米面粉混合青贮品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2014,35(8):28-33.
[20]兴丽,韩鲁佳,刘贤,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对全株玉米青贮发酵品质和微生物菌落的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,9(5):38-41.