绿汁发酵液、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对灵芝菌糟发酵饲料品质的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究绿汁发酵液、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对灵芝菌糟发酵饲料品质的影响,为利用菌糟生产优质发酵饲料提供理论依据。试验分为7个处理组,以添加蒸馏水为对照(CON组),灵芝菌糟中分别添加2 mL/kg绿汁发酵液(FGJ组)、2000U/kg纤维素酶(CEL组)、5000U/kg木聚糖酶(XYL组)、2mL/kg绿汁发酵液+2000U/kg纤维素酶(MIX1组)、2mL/kg绿汁发酵液+5000U/kg木聚糖酶(MIX2组)、2mL/kg绿汁发酵液+2000U/kg纤维素酶+5000U/kg木聚糖酶(MIX3组),每个处理组3个重复,常温下发酵60d开封,测定灵芝菌糟发酵饲料的化学成分和发酵品质。结果表明,与CON组相比,FGJ组、CEL组和XYL组可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量极显著升高(P<0.01),pH、气体损失率(GLR)及中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、半纤维素(HC)、氨态氮(AN)含量均极显著降低(P<0.01);与FGJ组相比,MIX1组和MIX2组乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),WSC含量极显著升高(P<0.01),AN含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与CEL组相比,MIX1组的干物质回收率(DMR)及NDF含量极显著降低(P<0.01),WSC、AN含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。与MIX1组和MIX2组相比,MIX3组pH、GLR极显著降低(P<0.01),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的效果均优于添加绿汁发酵液,但复合添加效果更佳,其中以MIX3组的添加效果最佳。
This study was aimed to prove up the effect on the quality of fermented ganodorma fungus chaff feed supplied by use the additive,and provided a theoretical basis for the production of high quality of fermented feed.Seven treatments such as2mL/kg fermented green juice,2000U/kg cellulase,5000U/kg xylanase,2mL/kg fermented green juice+2000U/kg cellulase,2mL/kg fermented green juice+5000U/kg xylanase,2mL/kg fermented green juice+2000U/kg cellulase+5000U/kg xylanase and to add distilled water as control group had been used in this experiment.Each treatment was repeated 3times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature and opened 60 days later,chemical composition and fermented quality of fungus chaff feed were determined.The results showed that compared with the CON group,the WSC of FGJ,CEL and XYL groups was highly significantly increased(P<0.01),the pH,GLR,NDF,HC and AN of FGJ,CEL and XYL groups were highly significantly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with the FGJ group,the LA and AA of MIX1 and MIX2groups were significantly or highly significantly reduced(P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively,the WSC of MIX1 and MIX2groups was highly significantly increased(P<0.01),the AN of MIX1 and MIX2groups was highly significantly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with the CEL group,the DMR and NDF of MIX1 group were highly significantly reduced(P<0.01),the WSC and AN of MIX1 group were highly significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the MIX1 and MIX2groups,the pH and GLR of MIX3 group were highly significantly reduced(P<0.01),the ADF of MIX3 group was significantly reduced(P<0.05).In conclusion,the effect of adding cellulose and adding xylanase were better than the effect of adding fermented green juice,and the effect of mixed them were better than just one,especially the best of adding effect was MIX3.
This study was aimed to prove up the effect on the quality of fermented ganodorma fungus chaff feed supplied by use the additive,and provided a theoretical basis for the production of high quality of fermented feed.Seven treatments such as2mL/kg fermented green juice,2000U/kg cellulase,5000U/kg xylanase,2mL/kg fermented green juice+2000U/kg cellulase,2mL/kg fermented green juice+5000U/kg xylanase,2mL/kg fermented green juice+2000U/kg cellulase+5000U/kg xylanase and to add distilled water as control group had been used in this experiment.Each treatment was repeated 3times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature and opened 60 days later,chemical composition and fermented quality of fungus chaff feed were determined.The results showed that compared with the CON group,the WSC of FGJ,CEL and XYL groups was highly significantly increased(P<0.01),the pH,GLR,NDF,HC and AN of FGJ,CEL and XYL groups were highly significantly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with the FGJ group,the LA and AA of MIX1 and MIX2groups were significantly or highly significantly reduced(P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively,the WSC of MIX1 and MIX2groups was highly significantly increased(P<0.01),the AN of MIX1 and MIX2groups was highly significantly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with the CEL group,the DMR and NDF of MIX1 group were highly significantly reduced(P<0.01),the WSC and AN of MIX1 group were highly significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the MIX1 and MIX2groups,the pH and GLR of MIX3 group were highly significantly reduced(P<0.01),the ADF of MIX3 group was significantly reduced(P<0.05).In conclusion,the effect of adding cellulose and adding xylanase were better than the effect of adding fermented green juice,and the effect of mixed them were better than just one,especially the best of adding effect was MIX3.
引文
1 大島光昭,木村英司,横田浩臣,等.搾汁発酵液あるいは乳酸菌の添加がアルファルファサイレージの品質に及ぼす影響[J].日本草地学会誌,1996,42(別号):280~281.
2 刘海燕,祁宏伟,于秀芳,等.不同处理对玉米秸秆青贮饲料中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消失率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(12):23~25.
3 华金玲,庞训胜,王立克.绿汁发酵液对水稻秸青贮品质影响的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(6):62~65.
4 安宅一夫.最新サイレージバイブル[M].北海道:酪農学園出版部,2012.
5 庄益芬,张文昌,陈鑫珠,等.绿汁发酵液及纤维素酶对菌糠发酵饲料品质的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报,2006,21(6):653 ~655.
6 李超,苏君伟,于希臣.基于化学处理及生物发酵的食用菌糠饲料化方法探讨[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(4):451~454.
7 李浩波,白存江,陈云杰.菌糠饲料对繁殖母猪生产性能的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(1):115~120.
8 李志香,王一鸣.废菌渣开发饲料蛋白质替代源的菌种筛选与多菌共同发酵[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(4):19~21.
9 李伟文.菌草鹿角灵芝多糖含量研究及其菌糠多糖应用初探[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
10 李海,蒋涛,王勇,等.用微贮菌糠料饲喂家兔实验[J].塔里木农垦大学学报,1999,11(2):28~29.
11 李静,高兰阳,沈益新,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(4):86~90.
12 李旭华,刘海林,张石蕊.不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2006(5):36~38.
13 李旭华.稻草与玉米秸秆或象草混合青贮及其对奶牛饲用价值研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.
14 杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993.
15 汪水平,王文娟,田渊.菌糠饲料的开发和利用[J].饲料研究,2003(5):28~30.
16 连惠芗,汪世华.木聚糖酶的研究与应用[J].武汉工业学院学报,2006,25(1):42~45.
17 林占嬉,高怀宾,林辉.菌草灵芝、菌糠和中草药饲料添加剂防治仔猪肠炎的效果[J].福建农林大学学报,2004,33(1):85~88.
18 林仕欣,高承芳,李文杨,等.添加绿汁发酵液和四蚁酸铵对饲用甜高梁青贮品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(4):69~72.
19 陶新.菌糠在动物日粮中的应用效果[J].广东饲料,2007,16(1):45 ~46.
20 黄坤艳.菌糠饲料的开发利用[J].四川草原,2004(11):42~43.
21 傅彤.微生物接种剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵进程及其品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
22 森本宏.家畜栄養実験法[M].東京:養賢堂発行,1971.
23 Bae J S,Jung S H,Kwak W S,et al.Evaluation on feed nutritional value of spent mushroom(pleurotus os teratus,pleurotus eryngii,flammulin a velutupes)substrates as aroughage source for ruminants[J].Animal Feed Sci Technol,2006,48(2):237~246.
24 Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,33:64~75.
25 Bureenok S,Namihira T,Kawamoto Y,et al.Additive effects of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentative quality of guineagrass(Panicum maximumJacq.)silage[J].Grassland Science,2005,51(3):243~248.
26 Han K J,Collins M,Vanzant E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914 ~919.
27 Ron S P.Fungi and sustainability[J].Fungi,2008(1):138~143.
28 Shao T,Zhang L,Shimojo M,et al.Fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)silages treated with encapsulated-glucose,glucose,sorbic acid and pre-fermented juices[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2007,20 (11):1699~1704.
29 Sun Z H,Liu S M,Tayo G O,et al.Effects of cellulase or lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and in vitro gas production of several morphological fractions of maize stover[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,152:219~231.
2 刘海燕,祁宏伟,于秀芳,等.不同处理对玉米秸秆青贮饲料中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消失率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(12):23~25.
3 华金玲,庞训胜,王立克.绿汁发酵液对水稻秸青贮品质影响的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(6):62~65.
4 安宅一夫.最新サイレージバイブル[M].北海道:酪農学園出版部,2012.
5 庄益芬,张文昌,陈鑫珠,等.绿汁发酵液及纤维素酶对菌糠发酵饲料品质的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报,2006,21(6):653 ~655.
6 李超,苏君伟,于希臣.基于化学处理及生物发酵的食用菌糠饲料化方法探讨[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(4):451~454.
7 李浩波,白存江,陈云杰.菌糠饲料对繁殖母猪生产性能的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(1):115~120.
8 李志香,王一鸣.废菌渣开发饲料蛋白质替代源的菌种筛选与多菌共同发酵[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(4):19~21.
9 李伟文.菌草鹿角灵芝多糖含量研究及其菌糠多糖应用初探[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
10 李海,蒋涛,王勇,等.用微贮菌糠料饲喂家兔实验[J].塔里木农垦大学学报,1999,11(2):28~29.
11 李静,高兰阳,沈益新,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(4):86~90.
12 李旭华,刘海林,张石蕊.不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2006(5):36~38.
13 李旭华.稻草与玉米秸秆或象草混合青贮及其对奶牛饲用价值研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.
14 杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993.
15 汪水平,王文娟,田渊.菌糠饲料的开发和利用[J].饲料研究,2003(5):28~30.
16 连惠芗,汪世华.木聚糖酶的研究与应用[J].武汉工业学院学报,2006,25(1):42~45.
17 林占嬉,高怀宾,林辉.菌草灵芝、菌糠和中草药饲料添加剂防治仔猪肠炎的效果[J].福建农林大学学报,2004,33(1):85~88.
18 林仕欣,高承芳,李文杨,等.添加绿汁发酵液和四蚁酸铵对饲用甜高梁青贮品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(4):69~72.
19 陶新.菌糠在动物日粮中的应用效果[J].广东饲料,2007,16(1):45 ~46.
20 黄坤艳.菌糠饲料的开发利用[J].四川草原,2004(11):42~43.
21 傅彤.微生物接种剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵进程及其品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
22 森本宏.家畜栄養実験法[M].東京:養賢堂発行,1971.
23 Bae J S,Jung S H,Kwak W S,et al.Evaluation on feed nutritional value of spent mushroom(pleurotus os teratus,pleurotus eryngii,flammulin a velutupes)substrates as aroughage source for ruminants[J].Animal Feed Sci Technol,2006,48(2):237~246.
24 Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,33:64~75.
25 Bureenok S,Namihira T,Kawamoto Y,et al.Additive effects of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentative quality of guineagrass(Panicum maximumJacq.)silage[J].Grassland Science,2005,51(3):243~248.
26 Han K J,Collins M,Vanzant E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914 ~919.
27 Ron S P.Fungi and sustainability[J].Fungi,2008(1):138~143.
28 Shao T,Zhang L,Shimojo M,et al.Fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)silages treated with encapsulated-glucose,glucose,sorbic acid and pre-fermented juices[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2007,20 (11):1699~1704.
29 Sun Z H,Liu S M,Tayo G O,et al.Effects of cellulase or lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and in vitro gas production of several morphological fractions of maize stover[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,152:219~231.