添加绿汁发酵液和木聚糖酶对稻草青贮品质的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究绿汁发酵液和木聚糖酶对稻草青贮品质的影响。在常规水分(MC1)稻草青贮和低水分(MC2)稻草青贮中均设对照(CON)组及添加2 mL/kg绿汁发酵液(FGJ)组、20 mg/kg木聚糖酶(XYL)组、2 mL/kg绿汁发酵液与20mg/kg木聚糖酶的复合(MIX)组,每个处理组重复3次。常温下贮存60d开封,测定青贮的发酵品质和化学成分。结果表明,MC1青贮中,与CON组相比,MIX组水分和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著降低(P<0.05),FGJ、XYL、MIX组氨态氮(AN)含量极显著降低(P<0.01)、水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著或极显著增加(P<0.05;P<0.01),XYL、MIX组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著降低(P<0.05),FGJ组pH极显著降低(P<0.01);MC2青贮中,与CON组相比,FGJ组水分含量显著降低、水溶性碳水化合物含量及干物质回收率(DMR)显著增加(P<0.05),FGJ、MIX组氨态氮和中性洗涤纤维含量显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01)、pH极显著降低(P<0.01),MIX组酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05)。较MC1青贮,MC2青贮的pH和干物质回收率极显著增加(P<0.01),水溶性碳水化合物含量显著增加(P<0.05),氨态氮含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,在常规水分和低水分稻草青贮中,3种添加剂均有显著的添加效果,以绿汁发酵液与木聚糖酶复合添加的效果最佳,且低水分稻草青贮的效果优于常规水分稻草青贮。
This study aimed to prove up the effects of fermented green juice and xylanase on quality of rice straw silage.A control group(CON)and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice(FGJ),20 mg/kg xylanase(XYL),compound them(2mL/kg FGJ+20mg/kg XYL,MIX)respectively and were both set up with conventional moisture(MC1)and low moisture(MC2)of rice straw silage.Each treatment was repeated 3times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature and opened 60 days later.The results showed that in the MC1 silages,compared with the CON group,the contents of moisture and ADF in the MIX group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the content of AN in the FGJ、XYL and MIX groups was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),the content of WSC in the FGJ、XYL and MIX groups was significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05;P<0.01),the content of NDF in the XYL and MIX groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the pH in the FGJ group was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).In the MC2 silages,compared with the CON group,the content of moisture in the FGJ group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the content of WSC and DMR in the FGJ group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of AN and NDF in the FGJ and MIX groups were significantly or extremely significantly decreased(P<0.05;P<0.01),the pH in the FGJ,XYL and MIX groups was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),the content of ADF in the MIX group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the MC1,the pH and DMR in the MC2 were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),the content of WSC in the MC2 was significantly increased(P<0.05),the content of AN was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).In conclusion,three additive had significant effect in the MC1 silages and MC2 silages,especially the effect of the mixed addition of FGJ and XYL was the best,and the MC2 silages had higher quality than the MC1 silages.
This study aimed to prove up the effects of fermented green juice and xylanase on quality of rice straw silage.A control group(CON)and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice(FGJ),20 mg/kg xylanase(XYL),compound them(2mL/kg FGJ+20mg/kg XYL,MIX)respectively and were both set up with conventional moisture(MC1)and low moisture(MC2)of rice straw silage.Each treatment was repeated 3times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature and opened 60 days later.The results showed that in the MC1 silages,compared with the CON group,the contents of moisture and ADF in the MIX group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the content of AN in the FGJ、XYL and MIX groups was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),the content of WSC in the FGJ、XYL and MIX groups was significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05;P<0.01),the content of NDF in the XYL and MIX groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the pH in the FGJ group was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).In the MC2 silages,compared with the CON group,the content of moisture in the FGJ group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the content of WSC and DMR in the FGJ group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of AN and NDF in the FGJ and MIX groups were significantly or extremely significantly decreased(P<0.05;P<0.01),the pH in the FGJ,XYL and MIX groups was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),the content of ADF in the MIX group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the MC1,the pH and DMR in the MC2 were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),the content of WSC in the MC2 was significantly increased(P<0.05),the content of AN was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).In conclusion,three additive had significant effect in the MC1 silages and MC2 silages,especially the effect of the mixed addition of FGJ and XYL was the best,and the MC2 silages had higher quality than the MC1 silages.
引文
1 大島光昭,木村英司,横田浩臣,等.搾汁発酵液あるいは乳酸菌の添加がアルファルファサイレージの品質に及ぼす影響[J].日本草地学会誌,1996,42(別号):280~281.
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3 文奇男,张永根,王亮.不同发酵剂对水稻秸青贮发酵品质及营养价值的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,32(5):48~50.
4 王安,张淑芳,钟一民.纤维素复合酶作为青贮饲料添加剂的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,1997,28(4):358~365.
5 王成章,王恬.饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
6 王仪明,张兴,郁谦,等.稻草半干青贮工艺条件及饲用价值的研究[J].中国奶牛,2011,9:51~54.
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8 田瑞霞,安渊,梁金凤,等.添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地,2005,27(4):10~14.
9 刘建新,杨振海,叶均安,等.青贮饲料的合理调制和质量评定程序[J].饲料工业,1999,20(3):4~7.
10 华金玲,张永根,王德福.添加乳酸菌制剂对水稻秸秆青贮品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(4):473~477.
11 吕建敏,胡伟莲,刘建新.添加酶制剂和麸皮对稻草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2005,17(2):58~62.
12 安宅一夫.最新サイレージバイブル[M].日本北海道:酪農学園出版部,2012.
13 庄益芬,张文昌,张丽.绿汁发酵液、纤维素酶及其混合物对象草青贮品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007a,23(8):21~25.
14 庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.生物添加剂和含水率对紫花苜蓿和猫尾草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007b,38(12):1394~1400.
15 吴晓杰,韩鲁佳.乳酸菌制剂对早籼稻青贮饲料品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(3):35~39.
16 吴跃明,刘建新,刘丹,等.添加复合酶制剂与麸皮对玉米秸、稻草青贮发酵品质和养分消化率的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2004,24 (3):298~302.
17 张涛,崔宗均,高丽娟,等.绿汁发酵液和乳酸菌剂MMD3在不同含水率苜蓿青贮中的添加试验[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,9 (5):32~37.
18 李成云,宋铁镇,秦炜赜.不同添加剂处理对鲜稻草青贮营养价值及适口性的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006(9):59~60.
19 李旭华,刘海林,张石蕊.不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].湖南饲料,2006,6:29~31.
20 杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993.
21 连惠芗,汪世华.木聚糖酶的研究与应用[J].武汉工业学院学报,2006,25(1):42~45.
22 林仕欣,高承芳,李文杨,等.添加绿汁发酵液和四蚁酸铵对饲用甜高梁青贮品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(4):69~72.
23 梁永,陈中平,杨洪森.木聚糖酶在饲料应用上的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2012,4:30~31.
24 傅彤.微生物接种剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵进程及其品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
25 森本宏.家畜栄養実験法[M].東京:養賢堂発行,1971.
26 慕娟,问清江,党永,等.木聚糖酶的开发与应用[J].陕西农业科学,2012,1:111~115.
27 蔡義民,大桃定洋,熊井清雄.饲料作物·牧草に付着する乳酸菌の分布とその乳酸発酵特性[J].日本草地学会誌,1994,39 (4):420~428.
28 Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,33:64~75.
29 Han K J,Collins M,Vanzant E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914 ~919.
30 Ohshita T,Nakui T,Masaki S.Effect of moisture contents of herbages on fermentation and feeding value of alfalfa silage[J].Bulletin of Tohoku National Agricultural Experimental Station,1992,84:159~171.
31 Masuko T,Tsumurai S,Fujita N,et al.Effect of adding formic acid,bacterial inoculant or a mixture of bacterial inoculant,enzymes on the fermentation quality of wilted grass silage[J].Grassland Science,1999,44:347~355.
32 Muck R E,Kung Jr L.Effect of silage additives on ensiling[A].In Silage:Field to Feedbunk,NRAES-99[C].Houston:Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service,Ithaca,NY,1997.
2 马春晖,夏艳军,韩军,等.不同青贮添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):128~133.
3 文奇男,张永根,王亮.不同发酵剂对水稻秸青贮发酵品质及营养价值的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,32(5):48~50.
4 王安,张淑芳,钟一民.纤维素复合酶作为青贮饲料添加剂的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,1997,28(4):358~365.
5 王成章,王恬.饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
6 王仪明,张兴,郁谦,等.稻草半干青贮工艺条件及饲用价值的研究[J].中国奶牛,2011,9:51~54.
7 包万华,卜登攀,周凌云.青贮饲料添加剂应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(8):124~127.
8 田瑞霞,安渊,梁金凤,等.添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地,2005,27(4):10~14.
9 刘建新,杨振海,叶均安,等.青贮饲料的合理调制和质量评定程序[J].饲料工业,1999,20(3):4~7.
10 华金玲,张永根,王德福.添加乳酸菌制剂对水稻秸秆青贮品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(4):473~477.
11 吕建敏,胡伟莲,刘建新.添加酶制剂和麸皮对稻草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2005,17(2):58~62.
12 安宅一夫.最新サイレージバイブル[M].日本北海道:酪農学園出版部,2012.
13 庄益芬,张文昌,张丽.绿汁发酵液、纤维素酶及其混合物对象草青贮品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007a,23(8):21~25.
14 庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.生物添加剂和含水率对紫花苜蓿和猫尾草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007b,38(12):1394~1400.
15 吴晓杰,韩鲁佳.乳酸菌制剂对早籼稻青贮饲料品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(3):35~39.
16 吴跃明,刘建新,刘丹,等.添加复合酶制剂与麸皮对玉米秸、稻草青贮发酵品质和养分消化率的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2004,24 (3):298~302.
17 张涛,崔宗均,高丽娟,等.绿汁发酵液和乳酸菌剂MMD3在不同含水率苜蓿青贮中的添加试验[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,9 (5):32~37.
18 李成云,宋铁镇,秦炜赜.不同添加剂处理对鲜稻草青贮营养价值及适口性的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006(9):59~60.
19 李旭华,刘海林,张石蕊.不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].湖南饲料,2006,6:29~31.
20 杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993.
21 连惠芗,汪世华.木聚糖酶的研究与应用[J].武汉工业学院学报,2006,25(1):42~45.
22 林仕欣,高承芳,李文杨,等.添加绿汁发酵液和四蚁酸铵对饲用甜高梁青贮品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(4):69~72.
23 梁永,陈中平,杨洪森.木聚糖酶在饲料应用上的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2012,4:30~31.
24 傅彤.微生物接种剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵进程及其品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
25 森本宏.家畜栄養実験法[M].東京:養賢堂発行,1971.
26 慕娟,问清江,党永,等.木聚糖酶的开发与应用[J].陕西农业科学,2012,1:111~115.
27 蔡義民,大桃定洋,熊井清雄.饲料作物·牧草に付着する乳酸菌の分布とその乳酸発酵特性[J].日本草地学会誌,1994,39 (4):420~428.
28 Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,33:64~75.
29 Han K J,Collins M,Vanzant E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914 ~919.
30 Ohshita T,Nakui T,Masaki S.Effect of moisture contents of herbages on fermentation and feeding value of alfalfa silage[J].Bulletin of Tohoku National Agricultural Experimental Station,1992,84:159~171.
31 Masuko T,Tsumurai S,Fujita N,et al.Effect of adding formic acid,bacterial inoculant or a mixture of bacterial inoculant,enzymes on the fermentation quality of wilted grass silage[J].Grassland Science,1999,44:347~355.
32 Muck R E,Kung Jr L.Effect of silage additives on ensiling[A].In Silage:Field to Feedbunk,NRAES-99[C].Houston:Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service,Ithaca,NY,1997.