绿汁发酵液和纤维素酶对灵芝菌糟发酵饲料品质和发酵过程的影响
|
摘要
试验旨在研究绿汁发酵液和纤维素酶对灵芝菌糟发酵饲料品质和发酵过程的影响,为利用菌糟生产优质发酵饲料提供理论依据。试验分为4处理组,以添加蒸馏水为对照组,灵芝菌糟中分别添加2mL/kg绿汁发酵液(FGJ组)、添加纤维素酶2000U/kg(CEL组)、复合添加绿汁发酵液2ml/kg与纤维素酶2000U/kg(MIX组)。每个处理组12个重复,常温下贮存7d、14d、30d和60d各分别开封3个重复,测定灵芝菌糟发酵饲料的化学成分和发酵品质。结果表明:绿汁发酵液降低灵芝菌糟的pH,降低酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量、氨态氮,提高碳水化合物。纤维素酶降低灵芝菌糟的pH、氨态氮及气体损失率,提高碳水化合物含量,且随着发酵时间的延长发酵效果越显著。与FGJ组相比,MIX组的水分、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著提高(P<0.05),氨态氮(AN)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与CEL组相比,MIX组的水分、WSC含量显著提高(P<0.05),NDF含量显著降低(P<0.05)。总之,单独添加绿汁发酵液、纤维素酶和复合添加绿汁发酵液与纤维素酶均能改善发酵品质和化学成分,以复合组的添加效果最佳。
To investigate the effect of green liquid to feed quality and fermentation proces of fermented ganodorma fungus feed by additive,and provide a theoretical basis for the production of high quality of fermented feed,four treatments with 12 replicates in each of 2mL/kg fermented green juice(FGJ),2 000U/kg cellulase(CEL),2mL/kg fermented and 2 000U/kg cellulase enzyme mixture(MIX)added in distilled water(control group)was used in this experiment.At room temperature,every three repeats were opened after 7d,14 d,30d,60 dto determine its feed fermentation quality and chemical composition.The results showed that,fermented green juice reduced the pH value,acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and ammoniacal nitrogen(AN),while increased the water soluble carbohydrate(WSC).Cellulase reduced the pH value,ammoniacal nitrogen(AN)and gas loss rate(GLR),while increased the water soluble carbohydrate(WSC),and with the prolongation of fermentation,the effect revealed more obvious.Compared with the FGJ group,the moisture and WSC of MIX group were increased significantly(P<0.05),the AN of MIX group had reduced significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CEL group,the moisture and WSC of MIX group had increased significantly(P<0.05),the NDF of MIX group had reduced significantly(P<0.05).In all,the effect of adding fermented green juice(FGJ),cellulose(CEL)and MIX improved the fermented quality and chemical composition,and MIX performed the best.
To investigate the effect of green liquid to feed quality and fermentation proces of fermented ganodorma fungus feed by additive,and provide a theoretical basis for the production of high quality of fermented feed,four treatments with 12 replicates in each of 2mL/kg fermented green juice(FGJ),2 000U/kg cellulase(CEL),2mL/kg fermented and 2 000U/kg cellulase enzyme mixture(MIX)added in distilled water(control group)was used in this experiment.At room temperature,every three repeats were opened after 7d,14 d,30d,60 dto determine its feed fermentation quality and chemical composition.The results showed that,fermented green juice reduced the pH value,acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and ammoniacal nitrogen(AN),while increased the water soluble carbohydrate(WSC).Cellulase reduced the pH value,ammoniacal nitrogen(AN)and gas loss rate(GLR),while increased the water soluble carbohydrate(WSC),and with the prolongation of fermentation,the effect revealed more obvious.Compared with the FGJ group,the moisture and WSC of MIX group were increased significantly(P<0.05),the AN of MIX group had reduced significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CEL group,the moisture and WSC of MIX group had increased significantly(P<0.05),the NDF of MIX group had reduced significantly(P<0.05).In all,the effect of adding fermented green juice(FGJ),cellulose(CEL)and MIX improved the fermented quality and chemical composition,and MIX performed the best.
引文
[1]兰良程.中国食用菌产业现状与发展[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(5):37-39.
[2]李玉.中国食用菌产业现状及前瞻[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):446-450.
[3]吴琼,单安山,白兆鹏.菌糠饲料及其在养殖业中的应用[J].饲料博览,2003(12):35-36.
[4]王永军,田秀娥,李浩波.菌糠的营养价值与开发利用[J].中国饲料,2003(12):30-31.
[5]卫智涛,周国英,胡清秀.食用菌菌渣利用研究现状[J].中国食用菌,2010,29(5):3-6.
[6]吕亚军,张永第,李浩波,等.高营养水平日粮添加不同菌糠量对瘦肉型猪育肥效果的影响.[J].河南畜牧兽医,2003,24(12):44-47.
[7]石明生,焦镭,李进杰,等.平菇菌糠喂羊增重试验[J].食用菌,2004(3):77-79.
[8]董志国,胡建伟.棉籽壳菌糠的饲用价值及其利用[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2001(1):44-47.
[9]李志香,王一鸣.废菌渣开发饲料蛋白质替代源的菌种筛选与多菌共同发酵[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(4):19-21.
[10]李伟文.菌草鹿角灵芝多糖含量研究及其菌糠多糖应用初探[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[11]大島光昭,木村英司,横田浩臣,等.搾汁発酵液あるいは乳酸菌の添加がアルファルファサイレージの品質に及ぼす影響[J].日本草地学会誌,1996,42(別号):280-281.
[12]傅彤.微生物接种剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵进程及其品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
[13]Han K J,Collins M,Vanzant E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914-919.
[14]Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[15]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993:19-33.
[16]森本宏.家畜栄養実験法[M].東京:養賢堂発行,1971.
[17]蔡義民,大桃定洋,熊井清雄.饲料作物o牧草に付着する乳酸菌の分布とその乳酸発酵特性[J].日本草地学会誌,1994,39(4):420-428.
[18]庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.生物添加剂和含水率对紫花苜蓿和猫尾草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(12):1 394-1 400.
[19]侯晓静,沈益新,许能祥,等.不同添加物对稻草青贮品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(6):356-360.
[20]刘海燕,祁宏伟,于秀芳,等.不同处理对玉米秸秆青贮饲料中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消失率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(12):23-25.
[21]李静,高兰阳,沈益新,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(4):86-90.
[22]安宅一夫.最新サイレージバイブル[M].日本北海道:酪農学園出版部,2012:47-51.
[23]Bureenok S,Namihira T,Kawamoto Y,et al.Additive effects of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentative quality of guineagrass(Panicum maximum Jacq.)silage[J].Grassland Science,2005,51(3):243-248.
[24]朱旺生,陈双梅.乳酸菌、纤维素酶、甲酸及其复合添加剂对皇竹草青贮品质的影响[J].中国草食动物,2009,29(6):42-44.
[25]王继成,晏和平.不同水平纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对青贮高粱品质的影响[J].酶制剂与微生态制剂,2006(50):57-61.
[26]赵政,李旭.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对早籼稻秸秆青贮饲料品质的试验[J].饲料工业,2010,31(17):22-25.
[27]Sun Z H,Liu S M,Tayo G O,et al.Effects of cellulase or lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and in vitro gas production of several morphological fractions of maize stover[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,152(3):219-231.
[2]李玉.中国食用菌产业现状及前瞻[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):446-450.
[3]吴琼,单安山,白兆鹏.菌糠饲料及其在养殖业中的应用[J].饲料博览,2003(12):35-36.
[4]王永军,田秀娥,李浩波.菌糠的营养价值与开发利用[J].中国饲料,2003(12):30-31.
[5]卫智涛,周国英,胡清秀.食用菌菌渣利用研究现状[J].中国食用菌,2010,29(5):3-6.
[6]吕亚军,张永第,李浩波,等.高营养水平日粮添加不同菌糠量对瘦肉型猪育肥效果的影响.[J].河南畜牧兽医,2003,24(12):44-47.
[7]石明生,焦镭,李进杰,等.平菇菌糠喂羊增重试验[J].食用菌,2004(3):77-79.
[8]董志国,胡建伟.棉籽壳菌糠的饲用价值及其利用[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2001(1):44-47.
[9]李志香,王一鸣.废菌渣开发饲料蛋白质替代源的菌种筛选与多菌共同发酵[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(4):19-21.
[10]李伟文.菌草鹿角灵芝多糖含量研究及其菌糠多糖应用初探[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[11]大島光昭,木村英司,横田浩臣,等.搾汁発酵液あるいは乳酸菌の添加がアルファルファサイレージの品質に及ぼす影響[J].日本草地学会誌,1996,42(別号):280-281.
[12]傅彤.微生物接种剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵进程及其品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.
[13]Han K J,Collins M,Vanzant E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914-919.
[14]Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[15]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993:19-33.
[16]森本宏.家畜栄養実験法[M].東京:養賢堂発行,1971.
[17]蔡義民,大桃定洋,熊井清雄.饲料作物o牧草に付着する乳酸菌の分布とその乳酸発酵特性[J].日本草地学会誌,1994,39(4):420-428.
[18]庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.生物添加剂和含水率对紫花苜蓿和猫尾草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(12):1 394-1 400.
[19]侯晓静,沈益新,许能祥,等.不同添加物对稻草青贮品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(6):356-360.
[20]刘海燕,祁宏伟,于秀芳,等.不同处理对玉米秸秆青贮饲料中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消失率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(12):23-25.
[21]李静,高兰阳,沈益新,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(4):86-90.
[22]安宅一夫.最新サイレージバイブル[M].日本北海道:酪農学園出版部,2012:47-51.
[23]Bureenok S,Namihira T,Kawamoto Y,et al.Additive effects of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentative quality of guineagrass(Panicum maximum Jacq.)silage[J].Grassland Science,2005,51(3):243-248.
[24]朱旺生,陈双梅.乳酸菌、纤维素酶、甲酸及其复合添加剂对皇竹草青贮品质的影响[J].中国草食动物,2009,29(6):42-44.
[25]王继成,晏和平.不同水平纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对青贮高粱品质的影响[J].酶制剂与微生态制剂,2006(50):57-61.
[26]赵政,李旭.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对早籼稻秸秆青贮饲料品质的试验[J].饲料工业,2010,31(17):22-25.
[27]Sun Z H,Liu S M,Tayo G O,et al.Effects of cellulase or lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and in vitro gas production of several morphological fractions of maize stover[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,152(3):219-231.