黑河中游荒漠生态系统归一化植被指数对降水的响应
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摘要
降水是荒漠生态系统主要的水分来源,是植被结构和功能变化的根本驱动力。该研究以黑河中游砾质荒漠(砾漠)和沙质荒漠(沙漠)为研究对象,基于2000–2012年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)获取的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据以及日降水数据,运用多元线性回归法,分析了砾漠和沙漠植被生长季(5–9月)、生长季早期(5–6月)和晚期(7–9月)累积NDVI(NDVIINT,INT表示某时间段的累积值)对冷季降水(Pc,前一年9月至当年2月累积降水)、暖季降水(Pw,当年3月至8月累积降水)、前一年生长季NDVIINT(NDVIINT-pys)以及干湿气候期(干旱期:2001–2003;湿润期:2004–2007年)的响应。研究结果表明:(1)砾漠植被生长季NDVIINT年际变化的影响因素排序为NDVIINT-pys>Pc>Pw,沙漠植被NDVIINT则为Pw>NDVIINT-pys;砾漠生长季NDVIINT早期NDVIINT年际变化的影响因素排序为NDVIINT-pys>Pc,晚期则为NDVIINT-pys>Pc=Pw;而沙漠生长季早期NDVIINT年际变化的影响因素为NDVIINT-pys,晚期是Pw。(2)在干湿气候期内,降水量并非是影响荒漠NDVIINT变化的关键因子。干湿气候期交替时,砾漠NDVIINT较沙漠增加明显;湿润期内,湿润期持续的长短是影响两种生境植被NDVIINT的关键因子,以沙漠较为明显。黑河中游砾漠和沙漠植被生产力对冷暖季降水及干湿气候期响应具有明显的差异,但总体显示出荒漠植被生产力对降水响应具有滞后性特征。以上结论可为揭示荒漠植被生产力对降水的响应机理提供参考。
Aims Precipitation is the major water source for desert ecosystems, with its temporal dynamics significantly driving the changes of ecosystem structure and function in desert regions. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the changes in normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) with seasonal precipitation and different climate years in two cover types(desert and dune). Methods Based on the daily rainfall dataset of 2000–2012 in the middle Heihe River Basin in Northwest China and the NDVI extracted from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) images, we performed linear regression analysis to examine the correlation of NDVIINT(accumulated NDVI) with precipitation in two cover types(desert and dune). Two measures of the precipitation are Pc(cool-season precipitation from last September to late February) and Pw(warm-season precipitation in between March and August), while NDVI was characterized with NDVIINT-pys(previous-year during the different climate years(dry: 2001–2003, wet: 2004–2007)) and the different periods of a growing season(i.e. whole growing season from May through September, early growing season in between May and June, and late growing season in between July and September). Important findings We found that:(1) the determinants of growing season NDVIINT and their order were NDVIINT-pys > Pc > Pw for the deserts, while the order was Pw > NDVIINT-pys for the dunes. The determinants and their order of NDVIINT in early growing season were NDVIINT-pys > Pc for the desert, while they were NDVIINT-pys > Pc =Pw for the late growing season. However, for the dunes, NDVIINT of the early and late growing season appeared determined by NDVIINT-pys and Pw, respectively.(2) During the dry and wet periods, precipitation was not a significant factor influencing NDVIINT for the desert and dune. However, significant increases in NDVIINT were observed at dune under wet condition. With the wet years continued, the length of the wet years become an important determinant of NDVIINT at both cove types, particularly at dune. In addition, it appeared that different changes in NDVI with precipitation existed between the two cover types, but with very similar effects of time-lag. These findings provide useful references for further understanding the mechanisms of NDVI changes with precipitation.
Aims Precipitation is the major water source for desert ecosystems, with its temporal dynamics significantly driving the changes of ecosystem structure and function in desert regions. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the changes in normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) with seasonal precipitation and different climate years in two cover types(desert and dune). Methods Based on the daily rainfall dataset of 2000–2012 in the middle Heihe River Basin in Northwest China and the NDVI extracted from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) images, we performed linear regression analysis to examine the correlation of NDVIINT(accumulated NDVI) with precipitation in two cover types(desert and dune). Two measures of the precipitation are Pc(cool-season precipitation from last September to late February) and Pw(warm-season precipitation in between March and August), while NDVI was characterized with NDVIINT-pys(previous-year during the different climate years(dry: 2001–2003, wet: 2004–2007)) and the different periods of a growing season(i.e. whole growing season from May through September, early growing season in between May and June, and late growing season in between July and September). Important findings We found that:(1) the determinants of growing season NDVIINT and their order were NDVIINT-pys > Pc > Pw for the deserts, while the order was Pw > NDVIINT-pys for the dunes. The determinants and their order of NDVIINT in early growing season were NDVIINT-pys > Pc for the desert, while they were NDVIINT-pys > Pc =Pw for the late growing season. However, for the dunes, NDVIINT of the early and late growing season appeared determined by NDVIINT-pys and Pw, respectively.(2) During the dry and wet periods, precipitation was not a significant factor influencing NDVIINT for the desert and dune. However, significant increases in NDVIINT were observed at dune under wet condition. With the wet years continued, the length of the wet years become an important determinant of NDVIINT at both cove types, particularly at dune. In addition, it appeared that different changes in NDVI with precipitation existed between the two cover types, but with very similar effects of time-lag. These findings provide useful references for further understanding the mechanisms of NDVI changes with precipitation.
引文
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Knapp AK,Smith MD(2001).Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production.Science,291,481-484.
Li F,Zhao WZ,Liu H(2013).The response of aboveground net primary productivity of desert vegetation to rainfall pulse in the temperate desert region of northwest China.PLOSONE,8,e73003.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073003.
Li F,Zhao WZ,Liu H(2015).Productivity responses of desert vegetation to precipitation patterns across a rainfall gradient.Journal of Plant Research,128,284-295.
Li XB,Wang Y,Li KR(2000).NDVI sensitivity to seasonal and interannual rainfall variations in northern China.Acta Geographica Sinica,55,82-89.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李晓兵,王瑛,李克让(2000).NDVI对降水季节性和年际变化的敏感性.地理学报,55,82-89.]
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Liu JL,Zhao WZ,Li FR(2015).Distribution of ground arthropod community in arid desert in the middle reaches of Heihe River.Arid Zone Research,32,1192-1200.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘继亮,赵文智,李锋瑞(2015).黑河中游荒漠地面节肢动物分布特征.干旱区研究,32,1192-1200.]
Liu YB,Zhang TG,Li XR,Zhang LJ,Bai Y,An LZ,Wang G(2006).Protective mechanism of desiccation tolerance in Reaumuria soongorica,Leaf abscission and sucrose accumulation in the stem.Science in China Series C,Life Science,36,328-333.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘玉冰,张腾国,李新荣,张丽静,白琰,安黎哲,王刚(2006).红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)忍耐极度干旱的保护机制:叶片脱落和茎中蔗糖积累.中国科学C辑:生命科学,36,328-333.]
Meng XJ,Zhang SF,Zhang YY(2012).The temporal and spatial change of temperature and precipitation in Hexi corridor in recent 57 years.Acta Geographica Sinica,67,1482-1492.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孟秀敬,张士锋,张永勇(2012).河西走廊57年来气温和降水时空变化特征.地理学报,67,1482-1492.]
Milchunas DG,Forwood JR,Lauenroth WK(1994).Productivity of long-term grazing treatments in response to seasonal precipitation.Journal Range Management,47,133-139.
Noy-Meir I(1973).Desert ecosystems,environment and producers.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,4,25-51.
Oesterheld M,Loreti J,Semmartin M,Sala OE(2001).Inter-annual variation in primary production of a semi-arid grassland related to previous-year production.Journal of Vegetation Science,12,137-142.
Ospina S,Rusch GM,Pezo D,Casanoves F,Sinclair FL(2012).More stable productivity of semi natural grasslands than sown pastures in a seasonally dry climate.PLOS ONE,7,e35555.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035555.
Peters D,Yao J,Browning D,Rango A(2014).Mechanisms of grass response in grasslands and shrublands during dry or wet periods.Oecologia,174,1323-1334.
Reichmann L,Sala OE,Peters D(2013).Precipitation legacies in desert grassland primary production occur through previous-year tiller density.Ecology,94,435-443.
Robertson TR,Bell CW,Zak JC,Tissue DT(2009).Precipitation timing and magnitude differentially affect aboveground annual net primary productivity in three perennial species in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland.The New Phytologist,181,230-242.
Robinson TM,La Pierre KJ,Vadeboncoeur MA,Byrne KM,Thomey ML,Colby SE(2013).Seasonal,not annual precipitation drives community productivity across ecosystems.Oikos,122,727-738.
Rustad LE(2008).The response of terrestrial ecosystems to global climate change:Towards an integrated approach.Science of the Total Environment,404,222-235.
Sala OE,Gherardi LA,Reichmann L,Jobbagy E,Peters D(2014).Legacies of precipitation fluctuations on primary production,theory and data synthesis.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society-Biological Sciences,367,3135-3144.
Shi Z,Thomey ML,Mowll W,Litvak M,Brunsell NA,Collins SL,Pockman WT,Smith MD,Knapp AK,Luo Y(2014).Differential effects of extreme drought on production and respiration,synthesis and modeling analysis.Biogeosciences,11,621-633.
Swetnam TW,Betancourt JL(1998).Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest.Journal of Climate,11,3128-3147.
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