摘要
在青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室"鳌山计划"支持下,本项目围绕黄海大规模浒苔绿潮的防控减灾,联合山东和江苏两地多个单位协作攻关,于2016年到2018年展开了多学科交叉研究,通过对绿潮藻浒苔(Ulva prolifera)的附着、入海等行为的加密观测,在大规模浒苔绿潮成因机制和防控策略方面取得了重要进展,确认了苏北浅滩源地,确认本海区大量紫菜(Pyropiayezoensis)栽培筏架提供的大面积合适附着基、典型的富营养化环境特点以及北向风生流是黄海大规模浒苔绿潮形成的重要条件。本项目解决了以下几方面的问题:1.锁定关键时段和海域并开展打捞船与无人机配合打捞;2.发现苏北浅滩存在独特浒苔种源;3.定量化研究了紫菜筏架拆除时人为去除筏架及绠绳上的附生绿藻量,明确这一过程大大促进了浒苔大量集中入海,成为浒苔绿潮形成的重要环节;4.定量化研究了浒苔在向北漂移,生物量和分布不断增加的过程;5.依据对浒苔緑潮的源头及其早期发生、发展几个关键过程的科学认识,提出了设置三道防线进行浒苔绿潮防控的策略以及在苏北浅滩开展浒苔绿潮初始生物量源头控制的具体建议。6.评价了浒苔绿潮对生态环境和养殖业危害的同时,关注了高生物量输入对受灾地可能带来生物北侵的生态风险。7.为保障2018年青岛上合峰会,项目组先期提交了绿潮防控建议,部署和开展的各项研究和现场调查结果为绿潮的预测防控提供了有力支撑。同时本项目还针对浒苔绿潮灾害的年际变化、马尾藻(Sargassumsp.)金潮灾害加剧、南黄海"三潮齐发"的复杂态势等新问题展开了观测与研究,为进一步制订更科学高效的防灾减灾方案,阐明全球变化和人类活动影响下的我国近海藻华灾害的演变奠定了基础。
This "Green Tide" Project funded by the "Aoshan Program" of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology has been carried out in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in 2016—2018, focusing on the disaster mitigation of green tides(induced mainly by Ulva prolifera) in the south Yellow Sea. Significant progress has been made on the mechanism of formation and the strategy of mitigation of the green tides in multidisciplinary studies, during which more than 20 cruises in the South Yellow Sea were conducted and multiple research methods applied, including on-site investigation, satellite remote sensing, and simulation experiment, etc. The results show that the massive floating U. prolifera could be traced back to the offshore aquaculture areas in Subei Shoal, North Jiangsu. Under appropriate conditions of temperature and nutrition supply, U. prolifera could grow quickly and move into Qingdao offshore regions by favorable winds and oceanographic conditions. The green tide outbreaks are closely due to the unique nature of U. prolifera for bloom-forming, favorable ambient conditions of the Subei Shoal, and massive aquaculture activities in the origination areas. Based on the key factors of the origination, the algal attachment/de-attachment, the early stage of the greed tide formation, the environmental and ecological impacts, and the prevention strategy by three front lines setup have been suggested to mitigate the green tide development from the offshore areas of Subei Shoal to the Shandong Peninsula, and countermeasures were proposed to minimize the algal biomass at the source area of the Subei Shoal.
引文
丁月旻,2014.黄海浒苔绿潮中生源要素的迁移转化及对生态环境的影响.青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所博士学位论文,82-84
孔凡洲,姜鹏,魏传杰等,2018.2017年春夏季黄海35°N共发的绿潮、金潮和赤潮.海洋与湖沼,49(5):1021-1030
刘峰,刘兴凤,金柘等,2018.苏北浅滩沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性.海洋与湖沼,49(5):983-990
张清春,孔凡洲,颜天等,2018.苏北浅滩养殖筏架附生绿藻入海过程在黄海绿潮形成中的作用.海洋与湖沼,49(5):1014-1020
郑阵兵,高山,王广策,2018.2017年绿潮浒苔(Ulva prolifera)生理特征及孢子囊形成情况分析.海洋与湖沼,49(5):999-1005
姜鹏,赵瑾,2018.黄海绿潮浒苔漂浮生态型的发现与启示.海洋与湖沼,49(5):959-966
Han W,Chen L P,Zhang J H,et al,2013.Seasonal variation of dominant free-floating and attached Ulva species in Rudong coastal area,China.Harmful Algae,28:46-54
Liu D Y,Keesing J K,He P M,et al,2013.The world's largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea,China:Formation and implications.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,129:2-10
Smetacek V,Zingone A,2013.Green and golden seaweed tides on the rise.Nature,504(7478):84-88
Sun S,Wang F,Li C L,et al,2008.Emerging challenges:Massive green algae blooms in the Yellow Sea.Nature Preceedings,http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2266/version/1c
Wang Z L,Xiao J,Fan S L,et al,2015.Who made the world’s largest green tide in China?-an integrated study on the initiation and early development of the green tide in Yellow Sea,Limnology and Oceanography,60(4):1105-1117
Zhao J,Jiang P,Qiu R,et al,2018.The Yellow Sea green tide:Arisk of macroalgae invasion.Harmful Algae,77:11-17
Zhou M J,Liu D Y,Anderson D M,et al,2015.Introduction to the special issue on green tides in the Yellow Sea.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,163:3-8