基于组合绿色生态措施的北方城市雨雪径流削减模拟
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摘要
以北方城市雨雪径流削减控制为研究目标,通过构建SWMM雨雪径流模型对北方城市夏季降雨径流量和春季融雪径流量进行模拟.同时根据研究区气候特点和实际情况制定了符合研究区低影响开发(LID)绿色生态措施方案,通过加入简单式绿化屋顶、雨雪收集双用装置和下凹式绿地3种控制措施,模拟了组合绿色生态措施对研究区夏季降雨和春季融雪径流的削减以及对排水管网压力的缓解效果.结果表明:2016年5月24日、6月10日和7月18日3场实测降雨模拟的最大径流量分别为2.7、6.2和7.4 m~3·s~(-1),1、2、5、10年4种不同重现期降雨条件下的峰值流量分别为2.39、3.91、6.24和7.85 m~3·s~(-1);在融雪期,峰值流量出现在3月初.LID措施在雨季对削减峰值流量、延迟峰值时间和缓解排水压力具有很好的控制效果,削减率最高可达70%左右,而且通过加入雪收集装置,对春季融雪径流也有一定的控制效果.
With the aim to control and reduce rainfall and snowmelt runoff in northern cities in China,the summer runoff and spring snowmelt runoff in the studied area were simulated with the establishment of storm water management model( SWMM). According to the climate characteristics and the situation of the studied area,the low impact development( LID) green ecological strategies suitable for the studied area were established. There were three kinds of management strategies being used,including extended green roof,snow and rainwater harvesting devices,and grass-swales or trenches. We examined the impacts of those integrated green ecological measures on the summer rainfall and spring snowmelt runoff and their mitigation effects on the drainage network pressure. The results showed that the maximum flow rates of the measured rainfall in May 24 th,June 10 th and July 18 th 2016 were 2.7,6.2 and 7.4 m~3·s~(-1)respectively. The peak flow rates at different return periods of 1,2,5,10 years were 2. 39,3. 91,6. 24 and 7. 85 m~3·s~(-1),respectively. In the snowmelt period,the peak flow appeared at the beginning of March. The LID measures had positive effect on peak flow reduction,and thus delayed peak time and relieved drainage pressure. The flow reduction rate was as high as 70%. Moreover,the snow harvesting devices played a positive role in controlling snowmelt runoff in spring.
With the aim to control and reduce rainfall and snowmelt runoff in northern cities in China,the summer runoff and spring snowmelt runoff in the studied area were simulated with the establishment of storm water management model( SWMM). According to the climate characteristics and the situation of the studied area,the low impact development( LID) green ecological strategies suitable for the studied area were established. There were three kinds of management strategies being used,including extended green roof,snow and rainwater harvesting devices,and grass-swales or trenches. We examined the impacts of those integrated green ecological measures on the summer rainfall and spring snowmelt runoff and their mitigation effects on the drainage network pressure. The results showed that the maximum flow rates of the measured rainfall in May 24 th,June 10 th and July 18 th 2016 were 2.7,6.2 and 7.4 m~3·s~(-1)respectively. The peak flow rates at different return periods of 1,2,5,10 years were 2. 39,3. 91,6. 24 and 7. 85 m~3·s~(-1),respectively. In the snowmelt period,the peak flow appeared at the beginning of March. The LID measures had positive effect on peak flow reduction,and thus delayed peak time and relieved drainage pressure. The flow reduction rate was as high as 70%. Moreover,the snow harvesting devices played a positive role in controlling snowmelt runoff in spring.
引文
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[14]Che W(车伍),Zhao Y(赵杨),Li J-Q(李俊奇),et al.The basic concepts and comprehensive objectives of the construction guide of sponge City.China Water and Wastewater(中国给水排水),2015(8):1-5(in Chinese)
[15]Jia HF,Ma HT,Sun ZX,et al.A closed urban scenic river system using stormwater treated with LID-BMPtechnology in a revitalized historical district in China.Ecological Engineering,2014,71:448-457
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[17]Chen X-P(陈小平),Huang P(黄佩),Zhou Z-X(周志翔),et al.A review of green roof performance towards management of roof runoff.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(8):2581-2590(in Chinese)
[18]Dong X(董欣),Du P-F(杜鹏飞),Li Z-Y(李志一),et al.Parameter identification and validation of SWMM in simulation of impervious urban land surface runoff.Environmental Science(环境科学),2008,29(6):1495-1501(in Chinese)
[19]Huang P-F(黄鹏飞),Wang W-L(王文龙),Luo T(罗婷),et al.Analysis of hydrodynamics parameters of runoff erosion and sediment-yielding on unpaved road.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(2):497-502(in Chinese)
[20]Bao X(包信).Analysis of Urban Storm Runoff Pollution Characteristics and Load Calculation:The Study of Harbin City.Ph D Thesis.Harbin:Harbin Normal University,2016(in Chinese)
[21]He S(何爽),Liu J(刘俊),Zhu J-Q(朱嘉祺).Rainwater control and utilization effect assessment and simulation of low impact development based on SWMM.International Journal Hydroelectric Energy(水电能源科学),2013(12):42-45(in Chinese)
[22]Zaghloul NA,Kiefa MAA.Neural network solution of inverse parameters used in the sensitivity-calibration analyses of the SWMM model simulations.Advances in Engineering Software,2000,32:587-595
[23]Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部).Sponge City Construction Technology Guide:Low Impact Development Rainwater System Building(Trail).Beijing:Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,People’s Republic of China,2014(in Chinese)
[24]Liu W(刘文),Chen W-P(陈卫平),Peng C(彭驰).Advances in low impact development technology for urban stormwater management.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(6):1901-1912(in Chinese)
[25]Jia H,Lu Y,Yu SL,et al.Planning of LID-BMPs for urban runoff control:The case of Beijing Olympic Village.Separation&Purification Technology,2012,84:112-119
[26]Yan J(严晶).Landscape Design of Green Roof in Cold Area of North China.Ph D Thesis.Xi’an:Northwest University,2016(in Chinese)
[27]Jin C-T(晋存田),Zhao S-Q(赵树旗),Yan X-L(闫肖丽),et al.Impacts of permeable brick and sunken lawn on urban stormwater.China Water and Wastewater(中国给水排水),2010,26(1):40-42(in Chinese)
[2]Sui J-L(睢晋玲),Liu M(刘淼),Li C-L(李春林),et al.Design of sponge city and its inspiration to landscape ecology:A case of Liaodong Bay area of Panjin City,Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(3):975-982(in Chinese)
[3]Ma X-Y(马晓宇),Zhu Y-L(朱元励),Mei K(梅琨),et al.Application of SWMM in the simulation of non-point source pollution load in urban residential area.Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),2012,25(1):95-102(in Chinese)
[4]Jia H,Yao H,Tang Y,et al.LID-BMPs planning for urban runoff control and the case study in China.Journal of Environmental Management,2015,149:65,doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.003
[5]Liu W(刘文),Chen W-P(陈卫平),Peng C(彭驰).Modeling the effects of green infrastructure on storm water runoff reduction at community scale.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2016,36(6):1686-1697(in Chinese)
[6]Li H-E(李怀恩),Liu Z-C(刘增超),Qin Y-M(秦耀民),et al.Characteristics of snowmelt runoff pollution and comparison with rainfall runoff pollution in Xi’an City.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2012,32(11):2795-2802(in Chinese)
[7]Zoller JH,Lenz A.Snowmelt runoff.Journal of the Hydraulics Division,2015,84:1-31
[8]Xiong L-J(熊丽君),Huang F(黄飞),Xu Z-X(徐祖信),et al.Characteristics of rainfall and runoff in urban drainage based on the SWMM model.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(11):3659-3666(in Chinese)
[9]Ahiablame LM,Engel BA,Chaubey I.Effectiveness of low impact development practices:Literature review and suggestions for future research.Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2012,223:4253-4273
[10]Liu Y,Ahiablame LM,Bralts VF,et al.Enhancing a rainfall-runoff model to assess the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on storm runoff.Journal of Environmental Management,2015,147:12-23
[11]Wang S-M(王书敏),Li X-Y(李兴扬),Zhang J-H(张峻华),et al.Influence of green roof application on water quantity in urban region.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(7):2026-2032(in Chinese)
[12]Palla A,Gnecco I.Hydrologic modeling of low impact development systems at the urban catchment scale.Journal of Hydrology,2015,528:361-368
[13]Chui TFM,Liu X,Zhan W.Assessing cost-effectiveness of specific LID practice designs in response to large storm events.Journal of Hydrology,2016,533:353-364
[14]Che W(车伍),Zhao Y(赵杨),Li J-Q(李俊奇),et al.The basic concepts and comprehensive objectives of the construction guide of sponge City.China Water and Wastewater(中国给水排水),2015(8):1-5(in Chinese)
[15]Jia HF,Ma HT,Sun ZX,et al.A closed urban scenic river system using stormwater treated with LID-BMPtechnology in a revitalized historical district in China.Ecological Engineering,2014,71:448-457
[16]Xu P(许萍),He J-C(何俊超),Ren X-X(任心欣),et al.Optimization of LID design parameters of urban road based on SWMM Model.International Journal of Hydroelectric Energy(水电能源科学),2016(2):21-25(in Chinese)
[17]Chen X-P(陈小平),Huang P(黄佩),Zhou Z-X(周志翔),et al.A review of green roof performance towards management of roof runoff.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(8):2581-2590(in Chinese)
[18]Dong X(董欣),Du P-F(杜鹏飞),Li Z-Y(李志一),et al.Parameter identification and validation of SWMM in simulation of impervious urban land surface runoff.Environmental Science(环境科学),2008,29(6):1495-1501(in Chinese)
[19]Huang P-F(黄鹏飞),Wang W-L(王文龙),Luo T(罗婷),et al.Analysis of hydrodynamics parameters of runoff erosion and sediment-yielding on unpaved road.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(2):497-502(in Chinese)
[20]Bao X(包信).Analysis of Urban Storm Runoff Pollution Characteristics and Load Calculation:The Study of Harbin City.Ph D Thesis.Harbin:Harbin Normal University,2016(in Chinese)
[21]He S(何爽),Liu J(刘俊),Zhu J-Q(朱嘉祺).Rainwater control and utilization effect assessment and simulation of low impact development based on SWMM.International Journal Hydroelectric Energy(水电能源科学),2013(12):42-45(in Chinese)
[22]Zaghloul NA,Kiefa MAA.Neural network solution of inverse parameters used in the sensitivity-calibration analyses of the SWMM model simulations.Advances in Engineering Software,2000,32:587-595
[23]Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部).Sponge City Construction Technology Guide:Low Impact Development Rainwater System Building(Trail).Beijing:Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,People’s Republic of China,2014(in Chinese)
[24]Liu W(刘文),Chen W-P(陈卫平),Peng C(彭驰).Advances in low impact development technology for urban stormwater management.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(6):1901-1912(in Chinese)
[25]Jia H,Lu Y,Yu SL,et al.Planning of LID-BMPs for urban runoff control:The case of Beijing Olympic Village.Separation&Purification Technology,2012,84:112-119
[26]Yan J(严晶).Landscape Design of Green Roof in Cold Area of North China.Ph D Thesis.Xi’an:Northwest University,2016(in Chinese)
[27]Jin C-T(晋存田),Zhao S-Q(赵树旗),Yan X-L(闫肖丽),et al.Impacts of permeable brick and sunken lawn on urban stormwater.China Water and Wastewater(中国给水排水),2010,26(1):40-42(in Chinese)