适用于直流开断的IGCT串联均压技术
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摘要
电力电子器件的串并联是目前解决和实现高压、大功率直流断路器、电力电子变换器的主要组合方式。为此,围绕适用于高压直流开断的电力电子器件串并联技术,开展了面向瞬态开断的多器件静态及动态均压技术研究。首先,分析了集成门极换流晶闸管(integrated gate-commutated thyristor,IGCT)串联不均压原因及IGCT串联均压技术,以给出适用于直流开断的IGCT串联均压方案;其次,分析了缓冲电容、缓冲电阻和关断触发时间的差异对均压特性的影响;最后,搭建4个IGCT串联的电力电子阀组并进行实验验证。研究结果表明:(1)适用于直流开断的IGCT串联静态均压可通过并联静态均压电阻实现,负载侧动态均压可通过并联缓冲阻容电路的无源缓冲方法实现;(2)缓冲电容越大、缓冲电阻越小,过电压就越小;触发信号时间差越大,不均压程度就越大;(3)10.5 k V/1.5 k A阀组开断实验不均压系数为5.71%,均压效果良好;(4)基于模块化电力电子串联阀组,进行了混合式直流断路器整体联调实验,3.0 ms时间后关断短路电流为3.6 k A,关断产生过电压为21 k V。通过实验验证了适用于高压直流开断的IGCT串联阀组均压方案的可行性,可以为实现瞬态开断的模块化电力电子串联阀组工程应用提供技术基础。
The series and parallel connection of power electronic devices is the main combination way of solving and realizing high voltage, high power direct current(DC) circuit breakers, and power electronic converters. We researched the static and dynamic voltage-sharing technology of the power electronic devices for high voltage DC breaking. Firstly, the causes of the uneven voltage-sharing of IGCT in series and the voltage-sharing technology of IGCT in series were analyzed to give the voltage-sharing scheme of IGCT in series for DC breaking. Then, the influence of the difference between the buffer capacitance, the buffer resistance and the turn-off trigger time on the voltage-sharing characteristic were analyzed. Finally, a power electronic valve was set up with four IGCTs in series for experimental verification. Research results indicate that,(1) the static voltage-sharing can adopt the static voltage-sharing resistance in parallel, and the dynamic voltage-sharing in load side can adopt the passive buffer method with buffer circuit in parallel;(2) the larger the buffer capacitance is, the smaller the buffer resistance is, then the smaller the over-voltage is, and the greater the time difference between the trigger signal is, the greater the degree of non voltage-sharing will be;(3) the uneven voltage-sharing coefficient of the breaking tests of 10.5 k V/1.5 k A is 5.71%, and the voltage-sharing is effective;(4) Based on the modular power electronic series valve, the integrated experiments of the hybrid DC circuit breaker are completed, the short circuit current 3.6 k A and the over-voltage 21 k V are turned off within 3 ms. The feasibility of the voltage-sharing scheme of IGCT in series for high voltage DC breaking is verified by experiments, which provides the technical basis for the application of modular power electronic series valve in DC breaking.
The series and parallel connection of power electronic devices is the main combination way of solving and realizing high voltage, high power direct current(DC) circuit breakers, and power electronic converters. We researched the static and dynamic voltage-sharing technology of the power electronic devices for high voltage DC breaking. Firstly, the causes of the uneven voltage-sharing of IGCT in series and the voltage-sharing technology of IGCT in series were analyzed to give the voltage-sharing scheme of IGCT in series for DC breaking. Then, the influence of the difference between the buffer capacitance, the buffer resistance and the turn-off trigger time on the voltage-sharing characteristic were analyzed. Finally, a power electronic valve was set up with four IGCTs in series for experimental verification. Research results indicate that,(1) the static voltage-sharing can adopt the static voltage-sharing resistance in parallel, and the dynamic voltage-sharing in load side can adopt the passive buffer method with buffer circuit in parallel;(2) the larger the buffer capacitance is, the smaller the buffer resistance is, then the smaller the over-voltage is, and the greater the time difference between the trigger signal is, the greater the degree of non voltage-sharing will be;(3) the uneven voltage-sharing coefficient of the breaking tests of 10.5 k V/1.5 k A is 5.71%, and the voltage-sharing is effective;(4) Based on the modular power electronic series valve, the integrated experiments of the hybrid DC circuit breaker are completed, the short circuit current 3.6 k A and the over-voltage 21 k V are turned off within 3 ms. The feasibility of the voltage-sharing scheme of IGCT in series for high voltage DC breaking is verified by experiments, which provides the technical basis for the application of modular power electronic series valve in DC breaking.
引文
[1]CHATROUX D,LAFORE D,SCHANEN J.Series and parallel connections of MOS and IGBT[M].Washington,USA:ISTE,2010:133-183.
[2]于华龙,鲁挺,姬世奇,等.高压IGBT串联均压控制电路阈值电压设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1357-1365.YU Hualong,LU Ting,JI Shiqi,et al.Active clamping circuit threshold voltage design for series-connected HV IGBTs[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1357-1365.
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[10]药韬,温家良,李金元,等.基于IGBT串联技术的混合式高压直流断路器方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2484-2489.YAO Tao,WEN Jialiang,LI Jinyuan,et al.A hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker design plan with series-connected IGBTs[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2484-2489.
[11]徐政,刘高任,张哲任.柔性直流输电网的故障保护原理研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):1-8.XU Zheng,LIU Gaoren,ZHANG Zheren.Research on fault protection principle of DC Grids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):1-8.
[12]廖敏夫,黄金强,葛国伟,等.国内外混合式断路器发展与研究现状[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1688-1694.LIAO Minfu,HUANG Jinqiang,GE Guowei,et al.Development and research of native and foreign hybrid circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1688-1694.
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[14]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[15]吕纲,曾嵘,黄瑜珑,等.10 k V自然换流型混合式直流断路器中真空电弧电流转移特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,7(4):1012-1020.LüGang,ZENG Rong,HUANG Yulong,et al.Researches on commutating characteristics of mechanical vacuum switch in 10 k V natural-commutate hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1012-1020.
[16]温伟杰,黄瑜珑,吕纲,等.应用于混合式直流断路器的电流转移方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):4005-4012.WEN Weijie,HUANG Yulong,LüGang,et al.Current commutation method in hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):4005-4012.
[17]NAKAJIMA T,SUZUKI H,TAMURA Y,et al.Development of IEGT series and parallel connection technology for high power converter[C]∥International Conference on Power Electronic(IPEC’2000).Tokey,Japan:IEEE,2000:670-675.
[18]BUSATTO G.,CASCONE B,FRATELLI L,et al.Series connection of IGBTs in hard-switching applications[C]∥Proceedings of the 33rd IAS Annual Meeting.Washington,USA:IEEE,2002:825-830.
[19]BIJLENGA B.Protective circuit for series-connected power semiconductors:US5946178[P].1999-08-31.
[20]吴家林.一种IGBT串联直接的高压桥臂:CN00223733[P].2001-05-02.WU Jialin.An IGBT series direct high voltage bridge arm:CN00223733[P].2001-05-02.
[21]张国荣,苏建徽,峁美琴,等.功率开关的有源串联均压控制装置:CN200710019270.7[P].2007-09-05.ZHANG Guorong,SU Jianhui,MAO Meiqin,et al.Active series voltage sharing control device for power switch:CN200710019270.7[P].2007-09-05.
[22]ROBINSON F V,HAMIDI V.Series connection devices for high-voltage powewr conversion[C]∥Universities Power Engineering Conference.Sydney,Australia:IEEE,2007:1205-1210.
[23]CASTAGNO S,CURRY R D,LOREE E.Analysis and comparison of a fast turn-On series IGBT stack and high-voltage-rated commercial IGBTS[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2006,34(5):1692-1696.
[24]陈政宇,余占清,吕纲,等.基于IGCT串联的10 k V直流混合断路器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):317-326.CHEN Zhengyu,YU Zhanqing,LüGang,et al.Researches on 10 k V DC hybrid circuit breaker based on IGCT series[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(2):317-326.
[2]于华龙,鲁挺,姬世奇,等.高压IGBT串联均压控制电路阈值电压设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1357-1365.YU Hualong,LU Ting,JI Shiqi,et al.Active clamping circuit threshold voltage design for series-connected HV IGBTs[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1357-1365.
[3]DAI Y,ZHANG M,FAN K,et al.Investigation of series-connected IGBTs in fast high-voltage circuit breaker[J].Journal of Fusion Energy,2015,34(6):1406-1410.
[4]张帆,杨旭,任宇,等.一种适用于固态直流断路器的IGBT串联均压电路[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):656-663.ZHANG Fan,YANG Xu,REN Yu,et al.Voltage balancing circuit for series-connected IGBTs in solid-state breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):656-663.
[5]查申森,郑建勇.混合式断路器的IGBT串联均压技术[J].电网技术,2010,34(4):177-182.ZHA Shensen,ZHENG Jianyong.Study on technology of voltage sharing in series for IGBT-based hybrid crcuit breaker[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(4):177-182.
[6]MEYER J,RUFER A.A DC hybrid circuit breaker with ultra-fast contact opening and integrated gate-commutated thyristors(IGCTs)[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):646-651.
[7]JüRGEN H,BJ?RN J.Proactive hybrid HVDC breakers:a key innovation for reliable HVDC grids[C]∥Electric Power System of the Future-integrating Supergrids and Microgrids on the International Symposium.Bologna,Italy:[s.n.],2011:13-15.
[8]魏晓光,罗湘,曹均正,等.一种直流断路器及其开断方法:CN103178486[P].2013-06-26.WEI Xiaoguang,LUO Xiang,CAO Junzheng,et al.A DC circuit breaker and its breaking method:CN10317848[P].2013-06-26.
[9]张弛.高压直流断路器及其关键技术[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.ZHANG Chi.High voltage DC circuit breaker and its key technology[D].Hangzhou,China:Zhejiang University,2014.
[10]药韬,温家良,李金元,等.基于IGBT串联技术的混合式高压直流断路器方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2484-2489.YAO Tao,WEN Jialiang,LI Jinyuan,et al.A hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker design plan with series-connected IGBTs[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2484-2489.
[11]徐政,刘高任,张哲任.柔性直流输电网的故障保护原理研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):1-8.XU Zheng,LIU Gaoren,ZHANG Zheren.Research on fault protection principle of DC Grids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):1-8.
[12]廖敏夫,黄金强,葛国伟,等.国内外混合式断路器发展与研究现状[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1688-1694.LIAO Minfu,HUANG Jinqiang,GE Guowei,et al.Development and research of native and foreign hybrid circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1688-1694.
[13]FRANCK C.HVDC circuit breakers:a review identifying future research needs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):998-1007.
[14]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[15]吕纲,曾嵘,黄瑜珑,等.10 k V自然换流型混合式直流断路器中真空电弧电流转移特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,7(4):1012-1020.LüGang,ZENG Rong,HUANG Yulong,et al.Researches on commutating characteristics of mechanical vacuum switch in 10 k V natural-commutate hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1012-1020.
[16]温伟杰,黄瑜珑,吕纲,等.应用于混合式直流断路器的电流转移方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):4005-4012.WEN Weijie,HUANG Yulong,LüGang,et al.Current commutation method in hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):4005-4012.
[17]NAKAJIMA T,SUZUKI H,TAMURA Y,et al.Development of IEGT series and parallel connection technology for high power converter[C]∥International Conference on Power Electronic(IPEC’2000).Tokey,Japan:IEEE,2000:670-675.
[18]BUSATTO G.,CASCONE B,FRATELLI L,et al.Series connection of IGBTs in hard-switching applications[C]∥Proceedings of the 33rd IAS Annual Meeting.Washington,USA:IEEE,2002:825-830.
[19]BIJLENGA B.Protective circuit for series-connected power semiconductors:US5946178[P].1999-08-31.
[20]吴家林.一种IGBT串联直接的高压桥臂:CN00223733[P].2001-05-02.WU Jialin.An IGBT series direct high voltage bridge arm:CN00223733[P].2001-05-02.
[21]张国荣,苏建徽,峁美琴,等.功率开关的有源串联均压控制装置:CN200710019270.7[P].2007-09-05.ZHANG Guorong,SU Jianhui,MAO Meiqin,et al.Active series voltage sharing control device for power switch:CN200710019270.7[P].2007-09-05.
[22]ROBINSON F V,HAMIDI V.Series connection devices for high-voltage powewr conversion[C]∥Universities Power Engineering Conference.Sydney,Australia:IEEE,2007:1205-1210.
[23]CASTAGNO S,CURRY R D,LOREE E.Analysis and comparison of a fast turn-On series IGBT stack and high-voltage-rated commercial IGBTS[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2006,34(5):1692-1696.
[24]陈政宇,余占清,吕纲,等.基于IGCT串联的10 k V直流混合断路器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):317-326.CHEN Zhengyu,YU Zhanqing,LüGang,et al.Researches on 10 k V DC hybrid circuit breaker based on IGCT series[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(2):317-326.