城市河道“一河一策”方案编制方法探讨——以北京市清河流域为例
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摘要
城市河道水文过程受人类活动严重干扰、河道岸线侵占严重加之水环境容量小而脆弱,使得水危机日趋严重。为了维持河道功能永续利用,本文以北京市清河流域为例,在系统分析河流存在突出问题的基础上,围绕水资源、水域岸线管理、水污染、水环境、水生态和执法监管六大内容编制适合当地实际的"一河一策"方案,形成问题、目标、任务、项目及责任4大清单。同时对城市河道落实河长制中可能遇到的共性问题进行凝练总结,提出各部门统筹协调查清问题、切合实际制定目标、量化任务指标、明晰河长任务及构建方案编制支撑体系等解决措施,供北京市及其他地区"一河(湖)一策"方案编制参考,以期为扎实推进河长制、实现江河湖库永续健康发展提供技术支撑。
The hydrological process of urban rivers is seriously disturbed by human activities and the river bank nearby region is seriously explored. Furthermore, the water environment in urban river is fragile, and it makes the water crisis increasingly serious. In order to maintain the health of the urban river systems, a case study is carried out in the Qing River in Beijing City to find out integrated solutions of urban river problems. The systematic analysis of the problems of urban rivers focuses on six major contents such as water resources, waterfront shoreline management, river pollution, river environment, water ecology and law enforcement supervision. The solutions are compiled into a "One River, One Solution" Plan which is suitable for local conditions, forming a list of 4 major issues such as objectives, tasks, projects and responsibilities. Furthermore, the common problems are summarized during the compiling process for "One River, One Solution" in urban region and the solutions are proposed for all departments to coordinate each other and to solve problems. The solutions include establishing practical targets, quantifying task indicators, clarifying the tasks of the river chief, and building support systems for the project. The case study is helpful to giving suggestions to promote the River Governor System and to maintain the sustainable development of river systems in urban areas.
The hydrological process of urban rivers is seriously disturbed by human activities and the river bank nearby region is seriously explored. Furthermore, the water environment in urban river is fragile, and it makes the water crisis increasingly serious. In order to maintain the health of the urban river systems, a case study is carried out in the Qing River in Beijing City to find out integrated solutions of urban river problems. The systematic analysis of the problems of urban rivers focuses on six major contents such as water resources, waterfront shoreline management, river pollution, river environment, water ecology and law enforcement supervision. The solutions are compiled into a "One River, One Solution" Plan which is suitable for local conditions, forming a list of 4 major issues such as objectives, tasks, projects and responsibilities. Furthermore, the common problems are summarized during the compiling process for "One River, One Solution" in urban region and the solutions are proposed for all departments to coordinate each other and to solve problems. The solutions include establishing practical targets, quantifying task indicators, clarifying the tasks of the river chief, and building support systems for the project. The case study is helpful to giving suggestions to promote the River Governor System and to maintain the sustainable development of river systems in urban areas.
引文
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[2] 张建云, 宋晓猛, 王国庆, 等. 变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战——I.城市水文效应[J].水科学进展, 2014,25(4):594-605.
[3] 马海峰, 孙淑华, 周志轩. 基于水量水质双控制的艾依河补水机制研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2014,(3):16-19,24.
[4] 中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于全面推进河长制的意见》的通知(厅字[2016]42号)[R]. 2016.
[5] 水利部办公厅印发《“一河(湖)一策”方案编制指南(试行)》(水建管函[2017]1071号)[R]. 2017.
[6] 河南省河长制办公室印发《河南省“一河(湖)一策”方案编制技术大纲》(厅字[2017]21号)[R]. 2017.
[7] 北京市政府印发《北京市进一步全面推进河长制工作方案》(京办字[2017]12号)[R]. 2017.
[8] 吴志广.“一河(湖)一策”方案编制经验浅析[J]. 中国水利, 2018,(14):8-9,11.
[9] 黄军. 安徽省长江干流“一河一策”实施方案编制主要内容探讨[J]. 水利发展研究, 2018,18(6):1-5,11.
[10] 罗竣. 蕲春县“一河一策”方案编制方法探讨[J]. 中国水利, 2018,(12):30-32.
[11] 陈德业, 饶伟民, 谢海旗, 等. 海南省文昌市“一河一策”实践与探索——以文教河为例[J]. 水利发展研究, 2018,18(8):30-34,40.
[12] 李伟生. 城市河道工程安全管理问题探讨[J]. 海河水利, 2013,(3):16-18.
[13] 郑杰. 适应多功能的城市河道整治[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2009,(11): 34-36.
[14] 朱闻博, 胡仁贵, 洪忠. 深圳市河道水环境综合治理的典型案例——新洲河生态景观改造[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2006,(9):28-31,35.
[15] 左其亭, 韩春华, 韩春辉, 等. 河长制理论基础及支撑体系研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2017,39(6):1-6,15.