北京市肢残人对一刻钟社区服务圈的无障碍需求与满意度研究
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摘要
肢残人由于身体机能受限,难以共享一刻钟社区服务圈建设成果。根据问卷调查分析得出,肢残人对一刻钟社区服务圈无障碍环境的需求呈金字塔结构,医院、银行、菜市场、大超市和公交站5类公共服务设施是肢残人生活与出行的刚性需求,需要优先进行无障碍环境建设。对肢残人群体特征进行解构后发现,残疾程度、是否有人照看、是否乘坐轮椅是影响肢残人使用及评价社区公共服务设施最主要的因素。此外,还需加强一刻钟社区服务圈无障碍环境系统性建设,打通居家、下楼、社区内公共服务设施、社区外出行4个空间层级,才能让肢残人真正共享一刻钟社区服务圈建设成果。
The physically disabled people are not able to share the service the 15-minute community life circle because of their physical limitations. Based on the questionnaire survey analysis, the physically disabled’s accessibility needs show a pyramid shape, and a rigid demand of 5 kinds of public service facilities: hospital, bank, vegetable market, supermarket, and bus station,and these facilities shall be prioritized in construction. A deep analysis of the characteristics of physically disabled population reveals that the main factors affecting the use of public services and the satisfaction of physically disabled are: degree of disability, state of being taken care of, equipment of wheelchair. Furthermore, the systematic accessibility environment construction of the 15-minute community service circle shall be improved, and 4 spatial levels including living at home, downstairs, public service facilities in the community, travelling out of the community shall be integrated for the physically disabled to enjoy 15-minute community service.
The physically disabled people are not able to share the service the 15-minute community life circle because of their physical limitations. Based on the questionnaire survey analysis, the physically disabled’s accessibility needs show a pyramid shape, and a rigid demand of 5 kinds of public service facilities: hospital, bank, vegetable market, supermarket, and bus station,and these facilities shall be prioritized in construction. A deep analysis of the characteristics of physically disabled population reveals that the main factors affecting the use of public services and the satisfaction of physically disabled are: degree of disability, state of being taken care of, equipment of wheelchair. Furthermore, the systematic accessibility environment construction of the 15-minute community service circle shall be improved, and 4 spatial levels including living at home, downstairs, public service facilities in the community, travelling out of the community shall be integrated for the physically disabled to enjoy 15-minute community service.
引文
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[2]民政部.2015年社会服务发展统计公报[R].2016.
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[13]袁周,邵磊.基于街景地图数据北京五环内公交站点无障碍环境研究[J].住区,2018(1):42-46.
[14]袁京.本市今年建100个”一刻钟社区服务圈”[N].北京日报,2016-02-28.
[15]孙超,王波,张云龙,等.基于通用设计思考的深圳市无障碍交通体系规划探索[J].城市规划学刊,2012(3):63-69.
(1)资料来自首都之窗,http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/zwzt/2017zxh/2017zxhmcjs/t1466116.htm。
[2]民政部.2015年社会服务发展统计公报[R].2016.
[3]佚名.北京朝阳打造“一刻钟便民生活圈”[J].领导决策信息,2011(1):20-21.
[4]登峰.一项基层社会管理的创新之举——探访朝阳区朝外街道“一刻钟社区服务圈”[J].北京人大,2012(1):53-55.
[5]邵磊,袁周,詹浩.保障性住区公共服务设施的不同人群需求特征与满意度分析[J].规划师,2016(8):106-111.
[6]李萌.基于居民行为需求特征的“15分钟社区生活圈”规划对策研究[J].城市规划学刊,2017(1):111-118.
[7]柴彦威,张雪,孙道胜.基于时空间行为的城市生活圈规划研究——以北京市为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(3):61-69.
[8]Amita B, Jenny P. Making Space for Disability in Eco-homes and EcoCommuniies[J]. The Geographical Journal,2016(4):406-417.
[9]吴岩.重庆城市社区适老公共空间环境研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[10]蒋瑞明,王兴平.社区残疾人基本公共服务均等化初探:国际经验及借鉴[C]//中国城市规划学会国外城市规划学术委员会及国际城市规划杂志编委会2009年会论文集,2009.
[11]王凌瑾,浦钰,李若冰,等.残疾人休闲活动空间使用研究——以济南市五里牌坊社区为例[C]//2016中国城市规划年会论文集,2016.
[12]邵磊.通用无障碍发展的理念与挑战——《通用无障碍发展北京宣言》侧记[J].残疾人研究,2018(4):22-26.
[13]袁周,邵磊.基于街景地图数据北京五环内公交站点无障碍环境研究[J].住区,2018(1):42-46.
[14]袁京.本市今年建100个”一刻钟社区服务圈”[N].北京日报,2016-02-28.
[15]孙超,王波,张云龙,等.基于通用设计思考的深圳市无障碍交通体系规划探索[J].城市规划学刊,2012(3):63-69.
(1)资料来自首都之窗,http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/zwzt/2017zxh/2017zxhmcjs/t1466116.htm。