哀牢髭蟾生境选择研究
|
摘要
通过野外生境调查和实验室人工饲养相结合,对哀牢髭蟾(Leptobrachium ailaonicum)的生境选择进行了探究,并应用主成分分析法对其偏好的生境因子进行了综合评价。结果表明,哀牢髭蟾通常分布于地势平坦、地表枯枝落叶较多、地表相对湿度80%～92%、地表温度17～21℃、水温14～19℃、水体pH 6.1～7.0、水质较佳、远离大型水体(水库、河流、湖泊等)及居民点的小型水体(水沟、池塘、水坑)和(或)植被高度大于100 cm、盖度60%～80%的灌丛中。哀牢髭蟾偏好生境的变量主成分分析结果表明,植被特征(植被类型、高度及盖度)、空气(地表湿度及温度)、水体特征(深度、温度、流速、pH、离大型水体距离)、干扰强度(土地利用类型、离最近道路的距离、离最近农田的距离)、地形特征(地表基质类型、地形、坡向、坡位)是影响哀牢髭蟾生境选择的主要因素,综合体现了哀牢髭蟾对温度、湿度、食物及安全性的需求。
The habitat selection of Leptobrachium ailaonicum was investigated by field survey and indoor culture, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis. The results showed that, generally, Leptobrachium ailaonicum inhabited in flat terrain, more ground cover, ground relative air humidity of 80% to 92%, ground temperature of 17 ℃to 21 ℃, water temperature of 14 ℃ to 19 ℃, water pH of 6.1 to 7.0, higher water quality, small-scale water area(including gutterway, pond, puddle) where are far away from large-scale water area(including reservoir, river, lake) and residential area, or in bush which vegetation height is higher than 100 cm and coverage of 60% to 80%. The principal component analysis showed that vegetation characteristics(vegetation type, height and coverage), air(ground temperature and relative air humidity), water feature(water depth, temperature, flow rate, pH and distance from the nearest large-scale water area), disturbance intensity(land-use type, distance from the nearest road and cropland), topographic features(matrix type of ground, terrain, slop aspect and location) were the most important in determining the habitat selection of the Leptobrachium ailaonicum.Which reflected the needs of temperature, humidity, food and shelter of Leptobrachium ailaonicum.
The habitat selection of Leptobrachium ailaonicum was investigated by field survey and indoor culture, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis. The results showed that, generally, Leptobrachium ailaonicum inhabited in flat terrain, more ground cover, ground relative air humidity of 80% to 92%, ground temperature of 17 ℃to 21 ℃, water temperature of 14 ℃ to 19 ℃, water pH of 6.1 to 7.0, higher water quality, small-scale water area(including gutterway, pond, puddle) where are far away from large-scale water area(including reservoir, river, lake) and residential area, or in bush which vegetation height is higher than 100 cm and coverage of 60% to 80%. The principal component analysis showed that vegetation characteristics(vegetation type, height and coverage), air(ground temperature and relative air humidity), water feature(water depth, temperature, flow rate, pH and distance from the nearest large-scale water area), disturbance intensity(land-use type, distance from the nearest road and cropland), topographic features(matrix type of ground, terrain, slop aspect and location) were the most important in determining the habitat selection of the Leptobrachium ailaonicum.Which reflected the needs of temperature, humidity, food and shelter of Leptobrachium ailaonicum.
引文
[1]颜忠诚,陈永林.动物的生境选择[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(2):43-49.
[2]孟秀祥,潘世秀,栾晓峰,等.兴隆山自然保护区马麝春季生境选择[J].生态学报,2010,30(20):5509-5517.
[3]罗玉梅,朴正吉,王卓聪,等.长白山两栖类繁殖期路域水生境选择性分析[J].四川动物,2015,34(4):559-564.
[4]马建章,邹红菲,贾竞波.野生动物管理学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2004.50-63.
[5]杨忠庆,谢建荣,顾生贵.祁连山寺大隆林区甘肃马鹿夏季生境选择及垂直分布的研究[J].河西学院学报,2004,20(5):46-48.
[6]费梁,胡淑琴,叶昌媛,等.中国动物志两栖纲(中卷)无尾目[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[7]郑渝池,曾晓茂.髭蟾属研究回顾[J].四川动物,2003,22(4):268-271.
[8]郑中华,谢锋,江建平,等.峨眉髭蟾精子形态结构及分类学意义[J].动物学研究,2006,27(3):291-293.
[9]李晶尧,李丕鹏,侯勉,等.峨眉髭蟾在重庆的分布——蝌蚪在无尾类分类和多样性调查中的应用一例[J].四川动物,2010,29(1):63-65.
[10]许勤智,梅杰,沈正雄,等.梵净山峨眉髭蟾种群现状与保护建议[J].贵阳学院学报(自然科学版),2014,9(3):48-50.
[11]李扬,韩联宪,杨绍军,等.雷山髭蟾卵团自然状态下发育观察初报[J].四川动物,2009,28(5):700-703.
[12]陈继军,潘成坤,蒙春红,等.自然环境下雷山髭蟾卵群发育观察[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(5):882-885.
[13]陈继军,潘成坤,王英,等.雷山髭蟾生态初步观察[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(4):668-674.
[14]陈继军,潘成坤,王英,等.雷山髭蟾繁殖生态初步研究[J].四川动物,2017,36(5):548-551.
[15]胡淑琴,赵尔宓,刘承钊.贵州省两栖爬行动物调查及区系分析[J].动物学报,1973,19(2):149-178.
[16]金明芬,王继山,饶定齐.气候变化对云南极小种群物种哀牢髭蟾潜在分布的影响初步研究[J].林业建设,2016(3):28-34.
[17]彭琪云.世界稀有动物"哀牢髭蟾"惊现大理南涧[J].野生动物学报,2004,25(2):29.
[18]李树深,费梁,叶昌媛.两种髭蟾的Ag-NORs、C-带及核型的研究[J].遗传学报,1990,17(3):211-215.
[19]徐远杰,林敦梅,石明,等.云南哀牢山常绿阔叶林的空间分异及其影响因素[J].生物多样性,2017,25(1):23-33.
[20]戴建洪,戴强,张明,等.若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区三种无尾两栖类夏秋季生境选择[J].动物学研究,2005,26(3):263-271.
[21]鲁庆彬,王小明,胡锦矗,等.四川石渠县夏季藏原羚的分布和栖息地特征[J].兽类学报,2005,25(1):91-96.
[22]吴秀山.探访哀牢髭蟾[J].生命世界,2012(10):64-69.
[2]孟秀祥,潘世秀,栾晓峰,等.兴隆山自然保护区马麝春季生境选择[J].生态学报,2010,30(20):5509-5517.
[3]罗玉梅,朴正吉,王卓聪,等.长白山两栖类繁殖期路域水生境选择性分析[J].四川动物,2015,34(4):559-564.
[4]马建章,邹红菲,贾竞波.野生动物管理学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2004.50-63.
[5]杨忠庆,谢建荣,顾生贵.祁连山寺大隆林区甘肃马鹿夏季生境选择及垂直分布的研究[J].河西学院学报,2004,20(5):46-48.
[6]费梁,胡淑琴,叶昌媛,等.中国动物志两栖纲(中卷)无尾目[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[7]郑渝池,曾晓茂.髭蟾属研究回顾[J].四川动物,2003,22(4):268-271.
[8]郑中华,谢锋,江建平,等.峨眉髭蟾精子形态结构及分类学意义[J].动物学研究,2006,27(3):291-293.
[9]李晶尧,李丕鹏,侯勉,等.峨眉髭蟾在重庆的分布——蝌蚪在无尾类分类和多样性调查中的应用一例[J].四川动物,2010,29(1):63-65.
[10]许勤智,梅杰,沈正雄,等.梵净山峨眉髭蟾种群现状与保护建议[J].贵阳学院学报(自然科学版),2014,9(3):48-50.
[11]李扬,韩联宪,杨绍军,等.雷山髭蟾卵团自然状态下发育观察初报[J].四川动物,2009,28(5):700-703.
[12]陈继军,潘成坤,蒙春红,等.自然环境下雷山髭蟾卵群发育观察[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(5):882-885.
[13]陈继军,潘成坤,王英,等.雷山髭蟾生态初步观察[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(4):668-674.
[14]陈继军,潘成坤,王英,等.雷山髭蟾繁殖生态初步研究[J].四川动物,2017,36(5):548-551.
[15]胡淑琴,赵尔宓,刘承钊.贵州省两栖爬行动物调查及区系分析[J].动物学报,1973,19(2):149-178.
[16]金明芬,王继山,饶定齐.气候变化对云南极小种群物种哀牢髭蟾潜在分布的影响初步研究[J].林业建设,2016(3):28-34.
[17]彭琪云.世界稀有动物"哀牢髭蟾"惊现大理南涧[J].野生动物学报,2004,25(2):29.
[18]李树深,费梁,叶昌媛.两种髭蟾的Ag-NORs、C-带及核型的研究[J].遗传学报,1990,17(3):211-215.
[19]徐远杰,林敦梅,石明,等.云南哀牢山常绿阔叶林的空间分异及其影响因素[J].生物多样性,2017,25(1):23-33.
[20]戴建洪,戴强,张明,等.若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区三种无尾两栖类夏秋季生境选择[J].动物学研究,2005,26(3):263-271.
[21]鲁庆彬,王小明,胡锦矗,等.四川石渠县夏季藏原羚的分布和栖息地特征[J].兽类学报,2005,25(1):91-96.
[22]吴秀山.探访哀牢髭蟾[J].生命世界,2012(10):64-69.