缘事诗学与中国古代挽诗创作初探
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摘要
从中国诗学发展史看,有"事"之诗学,亦有"情"之诗学,中国文化抑事扬情在文学理论中形成了"缘情说",但"诗缘情"的过度阐释使"诗缘事"的诗歌创作观念被严重遮蔽。挽诗是人们对死者进行追念、哀悼以表悲情的诗歌创作,由于"情"的牵引,一般认为,挽诗的创作与"诗缘情"紧密相关。然而,人们并未发现"情"只有在"事"的观照下才能合情合理,挽诗"悲情"的抒发亦是在"事"的基础上衍生。因此,缘事而发是挽诗创作遵守的原则,挽诗的创作方法主要体现为托事于物、用事、事对等。
From the perspective of the development history of ancient Chinese literary theories, there are poetics of "event"and poetics of"emotion". Chinese culture suppresses"events"and raises"feelings", so it has formed"emotion-reasoning"in literary theory.However, the excessive interpretation of "emotion-reasoning"has seriously obscured the concept of poetry creation of"event-reasoning".Elegy is a kind of poetic that expressing the mourn and remember for the dead people. As a result of the emotion, people generally think that the creation of elegy is more related to the"emotion-reasoning". However, people have not found that"emotion"can only be justified under the consideration of "event". Moreover, expressing sadness of elegy is derived from the "event". Therefore, elegy writing should obey the principles of event-orientation. The creative methods of elegy is mainly embodied in "holding event to the object"and eventutilizing and dual-thing quotation.
From the perspective of the development history of ancient Chinese literary theories, there are poetics of "event"and poetics of"emotion". Chinese culture suppresses"events"and raises"feelings", so it has formed"emotion-reasoning"in literary theory.However, the excessive interpretation of "emotion-reasoning"has seriously obscured the concept of poetry creation of"event-reasoning".Elegy is a kind of poetic that expressing the mourn and remember for the dead people. As a result of the emotion, people generally think that the creation of elegy is more related to the"emotion-reasoning". However, people have not found that"emotion"can only be justified under the consideration of "event". Moreover, expressing sadness of elegy is derived from the "event". Therefore, elegy writing should obey the principles of event-orientation. The creative methods of elegy is mainly embodied in "holding event to the object"and eventutilizing and dual-thing quotation.
引文
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[8]朱金城.白居易集笺校:卷四五[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1988:2792.
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[11]彭定求.全唐诗[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1986.
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[16]匏夫.啁啾漫记[M].上海:甲寅杂志社,1916:1.
[17]何文焕.历代诗话[M].北京:中华书局,1981:735.
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[21]曾慥.类说校注:上[M].王汝涛,校.福州:福建人民出版社,1996:801.
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[23]王士祯.渔洋精华录集释:卷八[M].李毓芙,整理.上海:上海古籍出版社,1999:1161-1174.
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[25]查慎行.苏诗补注[M].王友胜,校点.南京:凤凰出版社,2013:426.
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