缩节胺对黄河流域机采棉农艺性状、产量和品质的影响及化控技术研究
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摘要
为探讨缩节胺(DPC)化控对黄河流域机采棉农艺性状、产量及品质的影响,明确合理的化控时期和缩节胺用量原则,以机采棉新品系衡棉HD008为试材,设置3个不同DPC剂量处理。结果表明:DPC显著降低株高和果枝长度,减小果枝夹角和叶片面积,合理化控可有效塑造机采棉理想株型。DPC对产量及产量组分有显著的影响,适量DPC可增加伏桃和秋桃从而增加总铃数,增加铃重和子指,但衣分降低,适量DPC可增加产量。DPC显著提高纤维的断裂比强度,适控可提高纤维的整齐度,其他指标无显著影响。根据机采对棉花农艺性状的要求及棉株生长特点,可在棉花现蕾后开始化控,每10天左右化控一次,根据主茎日生长量控制喷施量,株高日增长量控制在1.5~1.8 cm之间,株高控制在75~90 cm之内。
To investigate the effect of DPC chemical treatment on agronomic traits, yield and quality ofmachine-harvested cotton in the Yellow River valley of China, and clarify the reasonable control period andthe application amount of DPC, a new machine-harvested cotton variety Hengmian HD008 was used as the testmaterial, and 3 different DPC treatments were set. The results showed that DPC significantly reduced plantheight and branch length, reduced branch angle and leaf area, so the rational control could effectively shapethe ideal plant type of machine-harvested cotton. DPC had significant effects on yield and yield components,the proper amount of DPC could increase the number of pre-hot seasonal boll and autumn boll, thus toincrease the total boll number, the boll weight and the seed index, but the lint percentage decreased, and theproper amount of DPC could increase the yield. DPC significantly increased the fracture ratio of the fiber, andproper control could improve the uniformity of fibers, but other indexes had no significant change. According tothe requirements of machine harvest to the agronomic traits of cotton and the growth characteristics of cotton,chemical control could begin after cotton floral bud emergence, once about every 10 days, and the spraying amount could be controlled according to the growth amount of the main stem. The daily growth amount of plantheight should be controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm, and the plant height should be within 75-90 cm.
To investigate the effect of DPC chemical treatment on agronomic traits, yield and quality ofmachine-harvested cotton in the Yellow River valley of China, and clarify the reasonable control period andthe application amount of DPC, a new machine-harvested cotton variety Hengmian HD008 was used as the testmaterial, and 3 different DPC treatments were set. The results showed that DPC significantly reduced plantheight and branch length, reduced branch angle and leaf area, so the rational control could effectively shapethe ideal plant type of machine-harvested cotton. DPC had significant effects on yield and yield components,the proper amount of DPC could increase the number of pre-hot seasonal boll and autumn boll, thus toincrease the total boll number, the boll weight and the seed index, but the lint percentage decreased, and theproper amount of DPC could increase the yield. DPC significantly increased the fracture ratio of the fiber, andproper control could improve the uniformity of fibers, but other indexes had no significant change. According tothe requirements of machine harvest to the agronomic traits of cotton and the growth characteristics of cotton,chemical control could begin after cotton floral bud emergence, once about every 10 days, and the spraying amount could be controlled according to the growth amount of the main stem. The daily growth amount of plantheight should be controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm, and the plant height should be within 75-90 cm.
引文
[1]何钟佩,奚恵达,杨秉芳,等.DPC效应的定向、定量诱导及其在棉花丰产栽培中的应用[J].北京农业大学学报,1984,10(1):19-28.
[2]何钟佩,李丕明,奚惠达,等.DPC化控技术在棉花上的应用和发展—从防止徒长到系统的定向诱导[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17:58-63.
[3]何钟佩,杨秉芳.缩节安对棉花生长发育的调控[J].植物杂志,1983(3):8-9.
[4]马素钧.棉花喷施缩节胺的机理与技术[J].河北农业科技,1993,7.
[5]苗凡修,申海防.抗虫杂交棉田间化学调控技术[J].中国棉花,2006(10):37.
[6]李丕明,奚惠达,何钟佩,等.农作物化控栽培工程技术的发展与中国农业现代化前景[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17(増刊):15.
[7]李莉,田长彦,吕昭智,等.缩节胺对棉花苗期主茎生长的影响干旱地区农业研究[J].2003,21(4):26-30.
[8]周运刚,王俊刚,马天文,等.不同DPC(缩节胺)处理对棉花生理生化特性的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(6):1142-1146.
[9]何钟佩,闽样佳,李丕明,等.植物生长延缓剂DPC对棉化根系活力的生理作用[J].北京农业大学学报,1988,14(3):235-241.
[10]金子渔,倪竹如,赵妙珍.用同位素示踪研究DPC对棉花生理作用的影响[J].北京农业大学学报,1984,10(3):245-253.
[11]马宗斌,李伶俐,谢德意,等.施肥与缩节胺配合对麦后直播夏棉光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2006,14(4):94-97.
[12]杨长琴,张国伟,刘瑞显.种植密度与缩节胺(DPC)对麦后直播机采棉产量和品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(6):1288-1293.
[13]严根土,马宗斌,黄群,等.黄河中游滩区植棉适宜的缩节胺用量研究[J].中国棉花,2014,41(7):23-26.
[14]罗宏海,赵瑞海,韩春丽,等.缩节胺(DPC)对不同密度下棉花冠层结构特征与产量性状的影响[J].棉花学报,2011,23(4):334-340.
[15]任晓明,杜明伟,田晓莉,等.种植密度、缩节胺及脱叶催熟剂对黄河流域棉区棉花产量和早熟性的影响[C].中国棉花学会2012年年会论文汇编,2012:178.
[16]任晓明,杜明伟,田晓莉,等.黄淮海棉区适宜机械采收棉田的种植密度和化学调控技术[C].中国棉花学会2013年年会论文汇编,2013:311.
[17]赵文超.黄河流域棉区棉花缩节安(DPC)定位定量及与其他因素的互作效应的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[18]姜秀红.机采棉技术推广中存在的问题及解决措施[J].中国棉花加工,2011,5:11-16.
[19]徐立华,杨长琴,李国锋,等.缩节胺对高品质棉成铃与品质的影响[J].棉花学报,2006,18(5):294-298.
[2]何钟佩,李丕明,奚惠达,等.DPC化控技术在棉花上的应用和发展—从防止徒长到系统的定向诱导[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17:58-63.
[3]何钟佩,杨秉芳.缩节安对棉花生长发育的调控[J].植物杂志,1983(3):8-9.
[4]马素钧.棉花喷施缩节胺的机理与技术[J].河北农业科技,1993,7.
[5]苗凡修,申海防.抗虫杂交棉田间化学调控技术[J].中国棉花,2006(10):37.
[6]李丕明,奚惠达,何钟佩,等.农作物化控栽培工程技术的发展与中国农业现代化前景[J].北京农业大学学报,1991,17(増刊):15.
[7]李莉,田长彦,吕昭智,等.缩节胺对棉花苗期主茎生长的影响干旱地区农业研究[J].2003,21(4):26-30.
[8]周运刚,王俊刚,马天文,等.不同DPC(缩节胺)处理对棉花生理生化特性的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(6):1142-1146.
[9]何钟佩,闽样佳,李丕明,等.植物生长延缓剂DPC对棉化根系活力的生理作用[J].北京农业大学学报,1988,14(3):235-241.
[10]金子渔,倪竹如,赵妙珍.用同位素示踪研究DPC对棉花生理作用的影响[J].北京农业大学学报,1984,10(3):245-253.
[11]马宗斌,李伶俐,谢德意,等.施肥与缩节胺配合对麦后直播夏棉光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2006,14(4):94-97.
[12]杨长琴,张国伟,刘瑞显.种植密度与缩节胺(DPC)对麦后直播机采棉产量和品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(6):1288-1293.
[13]严根土,马宗斌,黄群,等.黄河中游滩区植棉适宜的缩节胺用量研究[J].中国棉花,2014,41(7):23-26.
[14]罗宏海,赵瑞海,韩春丽,等.缩节胺(DPC)对不同密度下棉花冠层结构特征与产量性状的影响[J].棉花学报,2011,23(4):334-340.
[15]任晓明,杜明伟,田晓莉,等.种植密度、缩节胺及脱叶催熟剂对黄河流域棉区棉花产量和早熟性的影响[C].中国棉花学会2012年年会论文汇编,2012:178.
[16]任晓明,杜明伟,田晓莉,等.黄淮海棉区适宜机械采收棉田的种植密度和化学调控技术[C].中国棉花学会2013年年会论文汇编,2013:311.
[17]赵文超.黄河流域棉区棉花缩节安(DPC)定位定量及与其他因素的互作效应的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[18]姜秀红.机采棉技术推广中存在的问题及解决措施[J].中国棉花加工,2011,5:11-16.
[19]徐立华,杨长琴,李国锋,等.缩节胺对高品质棉成铃与品质的影响[J].棉花学报,2006,18(5):294-298.