间接驱动内爆物理实验研究进展
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摘要
激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究具有十分重要的实际价值和科学意义,同时也是依赖整体国力的大科学工程.内爆实验,集成理论、制靶、诊断和驱动器等多方面工作,是ICF研究水平的最终体现.我国从20世纪80年代实现激光驱动内爆出中子,到90年代至21世纪头十年实现以冲击压缩为主的近一维内爆,并且惯性压缩开始起作用,直至近期实现中等收缩比、方波驱动、以惯性压缩为主的近一维内爆,内爆实验水平不断进步,内能性能显著提升.随着神光-Ⅲ(SG-Ⅲ)装置的建成,同时在美国点火实验受挫的形势下,我国内爆实验向更高收缩比、更低燃料熵增的点火参数区间迈进,将面临重大机遇与挑战.
Achieving ignition via inertial confinement approach is of strong application value and important science significance. It is also a project of large scale that depends on the national strength. Involving theory, target fabrication, diagnostics, and laser facilities, integrated implosion experiment plays an important role in the research of ICF. Since the first successful neutron production with directly driven implosion in the 80's, the quasi one-dimensional implosion performance dominated by shock compression was demonstrated in the period of 1990–2010, and the quasi one-dimensional implosion performance dominated by inertial compression was achieved in recent years. All of these facts definitely show the progress on improving the performance of integrated implosion. With the completion of SG-Ⅲ laser facility,and in the situation of facing frustration in the US ignition program, there is grand opportunity and challenge when we are exploring toward the ignition parameter space with higher convergence ratio and lower adiabat.
Achieving ignition via inertial confinement approach is of strong application value and important science significance. It is also a project of large scale that depends on the national strength. Involving theory, target fabrication, diagnostics, and laser facilities, integrated implosion experiment plays an important role in the research of ICF. Since the first successful neutron production with directly driven implosion in the 80's, the quasi one-dimensional implosion performance dominated by shock compression was demonstrated in the period of 1990–2010, and the quasi one-dimensional implosion performance dominated by inertial compression was achieved in recent years. All of these facts definitely show the progress on improving the performance of integrated implosion. With the completion of SG-Ⅲ laser facility,and in the situation of facing frustration in the US ignition program, there is grand opportunity and challenge when we are exploring toward the ignition parameter space with higher convergence ratio and lower adiabat.
引文
1 Peng H S.ICF and related laser programs in China.In:Proceedings of the Laser Optics’ 93 the International Society for Optics and Photonics.St.Petersburg,1993
2 Peng H S.Inertial confinement fusion program at CAEP.In:Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena.Osaka,1995
3 Peng H S.Progress in the CAEP ICF program.In:Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Laser Interactions and Related Plasma Phenomena.Chengdu,1997
4 Lindl J.Development of the indirect-drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain.Phys Plasmas,1995,2:3933–4024
5 Zheng Z J,Guo Q,Cheng J X,et al.Implosion performance of laser driven exploding pusher targets(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,1989,1:139–144[郑志坚,郭秦,成金秀,等.激光驱动爆推靶特性研究.强激光与粒子束,1989,1:139–144]
6 Zheng Z J,Tang D Y,Xie P.First indirectly driven implosion experiments in China(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,1991,2:146,148[郑志坚,唐道源,谢平.我国首次间接驱动内爆出中子实验成功.强激光与粒子束,1991,2:146,148]
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8 Lin Z Q,Wang S J,Fang D Y,et al.Successful operation of 8 beam SG-Ⅱ laser facility for both 1ω0 and 3ω0 output.High Power Laser Part Beams,2002,3:403–407
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10 Wu J F,Miao W Y,Wang L F,et al.Indirect-drive ablative Rayleigh-Taylor growth experiments on the Shenguang-Ⅱ laser facility.Phys Plasmas,2014,21:042707
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12 Zheng W G,Wei X F,Zhu Q H,et al.SG-Ⅲ laser facility has successfully achieved 60 TW/180 kJ ultraviolet laser(351 nm)output(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2016,28:019901[郑万国,魏晓峰,朱启华,等.神光-Ⅲ主机装置成功实现60 TW/180 kJ三倍频输出.强激光与粒子束,2016,28:019901]
13 Lindl J,Landen O,Edwards J,et al.Review of the national ignition campaign 2009–2012.Phys Plasmas,2009,21:020501
14 2015 Review of the Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Energy Density Science Portfolio.Review Report,National Nuclear Security Administration,Department of Energy,2016
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27 Pu Y,Huang T,Wei M,et al.Spectroscopic studies of shell mix in directly driven implosion on SGⅢ prototype laser facility.Phys Plasmas,2014,21:122707
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29 Cao Z R,Ding Y K,Dong J J,et al.Researches and applications of X-ray high-spatial-resolution multi-energy microscope system(in Chinese).High Power and Particle Beams,2015,27:100–114[曹柱荣,丁永坤,董建军,等.X射线高空间分辨多色显微成像系统研制及应用.强激光与粒子束,2015,27:100–114]
30 Wang F,Peng X,Liu S,et al.A line-imaging velocity interferometer technique for shock diagnostics without X-ray preheat limitation.Rev Sci Instruments,2011,82:103108
31 Peng H S,Zheng Z J,Zhang B H,et al.Direct-drive implosion experiments on the SG-Ⅱ laser facility.J Fusion Energy,2000,19:81–85
32 Cheng J X,Zhen Z J,Chen H S,et al.Implosion compression characteristic of direct-driven ablation target with 1.06μm laser(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2004,53:3419–3423[成金秀,郑志坚,陈红素,等,1.06μm激光直接驱动烧蚀靶内爆压缩特性.物理学报,2004,53:3419–3423]
33 Luo P Q,Zhang Y H,Zhang W Y,et al.Theoretical study of directly driven ablation on SGⅡ using 1ω0 laser(in Chinese).Annu Rep ICF Prog China(1999–2000),2001,21[罗平庆,张永慧,张维岩,等.神光Ⅱ基频激光烧蚀靶实验的理论研究.ICF年报汇编1999–2000,2001,21]
34 Luo P Q,Yu R,Zhang Y H,et al.Theoretical study of exploding pusher implosion on SGⅡ using 1ω0 laser(in Chinese).Annu Rep ICF Prog China(1999–2000),2001,29[罗平庆,于仁,张永慧,等.神光Ⅱ基频爆推靶实验的理论研究.ICF年报汇编1999–2000,2001,29]
35 Pu Y D,Kang D G,Huang T X,et al.Experimental studies of low-convergence-ratio implosions(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2014,63:125211[蒲昱东,康洞国,黄天晅,等.小收缩比内爆实验初步研究.物理学报,2014,63:125211]
36 Sheng J T,Miao W Y,Li Y S,et al.Influence of non-LTE radiation ablation on imploding neutron yield(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2005,3:386–390[盛家田,缪文勇,李沄生,等.非平衡辐射烧蚀对内爆中子产额的影响.强激光与粒子束,2005,3:386–390]
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2 Peng H S.Inertial confinement fusion program at CAEP.In:Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena.Osaka,1995
3 Peng H S.Progress in the CAEP ICF program.In:Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Laser Interactions and Related Plasma Phenomena.Chengdu,1997
4 Lindl J.Development of the indirect-drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain.Phys Plasmas,1995,2:3933–4024
5 Zheng Z J,Guo Q,Cheng J X,et al.Implosion performance of laser driven exploding pusher targets(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,1989,1:139–144[郑志坚,郭秦,成金秀,等.激光驱动爆推靶特性研究.强激光与粒子束,1989,1:139–144]
6 Zheng Z J,Tang D Y,Xie P.First indirectly driven implosion experiments in China(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,1991,2:146,148[郑志坚,唐道源,谢平.我国首次间接驱动内爆出中子实验成功.强激光与粒子束,1991,2:146,148]
7 Ding Y N.Current state of experimental study of laser fusion in China(in Chinese).Trends in Nucl Phys,1995,12:21–26[丁耀南.我国激光核聚变实验研究概述.核物理动态,1995,12:21–26]
8 Lin Z Q,Wang S J,Fang D Y,et al.Successful operation of 8 beam SG-Ⅱ laser facility for both 1ω0 and 3ω0 output.High Power Laser Part Beams,2002,3:403–407
9 Li S W,Song T M,Yi R Q,et al.Quantitative study of radiation temperature for gold hohlraum on SG-Ⅱ laser facility(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2011,60:055207[李三伟,宋天明,易荣清,等.神光Ⅱ激光装置黑腔辐射温度定量研究.物理学报,2011,60:055207]
10 Wu J F,Miao W Y,Wang L F,et al.Indirect-drive ablative Rayleigh-Taylor growth experiments on the Shenguang-Ⅱ laser facility.Phys Plasmas,2014,21:042707
11 Zheng Z J,Ding Y K,Ding Y N,et al.Recent progress and application of diagnostic technique in laser fusion(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2003,15:1073–1078[郑志坚,丁永坤,丁耀南,等.激光惯性约束聚变综合诊断系统.强激光与粒子束,2003,15:1073–1078]
12 Zheng W G,Wei X F,Zhu Q H,et al.SG-Ⅲ laser facility has successfully achieved 60 TW/180 kJ ultraviolet laser(351 nm)output(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2016,28:019901[郑万国,魏晓峰,朱启华,等.神光-Ⅲ主机装置成功实现60 TW/180 kJ三倍频输出.强激光与粒子束,2016,28:019901]
13 Lindl J,Landen O,Edwards J,et al.Review of the national ignition campaign 2009–2012.Phys Plasmas,2009,21:020501
14 2015 Review of the Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Energy Density Science Portfolio.Review Report,National Nuclear Security Administration,Department of Energy,2016
15 Park H S,Hurricane O A,Callahan D A,et al.High-adiabat high-foot inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments on the national ignition facility.Phys Rev Lett,2014,112:055001
16 Zheng Z J,Xie P,Sun K X,et al.Elementary explorations for hohlraum physics(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,1993,5:575–580[郑志坚,谢平,孙可熙,等.黑腔物理实验的定标规律.强激光与粒子束,1993,5:575–580]
17 Ding Y K,Zheng Z J,Tang D Y,et al.0.53μm laser-plasma interaction(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,1996,5:215–220[丁永坤,郑志坚,唐道源,等.0.53μm激光与等离子体相互作用实验研究.强激光与粒子束,1996,5:215–220]
18 Zhang J,Jiang R H,Zeng X C,et al.A theoretical model of exploding pusher targets(in Chinese).Nucl Fusion Plasma Phys,1988,8:207–211[张均,姜荣洪,曾先才,等.爆炸推进层靶的理论模型.核聚变与等离子体物理,1988,8:207–211]
19 Jiang R H,Li Y S,Ding S R,et al.“Mixing”influence on radiation driven implosion(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,1996,8:221–226[姜荣洪,李云生,丁生荣,等.“混合”对辐射驱动内爆的影响.强激光与粒子束,1996,8:221–226]
20 Li S W,Yi R Q,Jiang X H et al.Experimental study of radiation temperature for gold hohlraum heated with 1 ns,0.35μm lasers on SG-Ⅲ prototype laser facility(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2009,58:3255[李三伟,易荣清,蒋小华,等.神光Ⅲ原型1 ns激光驱动黑腔辐射温度实验研究.物理学报,2009,58:3255]
21 Ding Y K,Jiang S E,Liu S Y,et al.Recent progress on physical experiment and target diagnostics in Research Center of Laser Fusion(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2013,25:3077–3081[丁永坤,江少恩,刘慎业,等.激光聚变研究中心聚变靶物理实验和诊断技术研究进展.强激光与粒子束,2013,25:3077–3081]
22 Jiang S E,Ding Y K,Miao W Y,et al.Recent progress of inertial confinement fusion experiments in China(in Chinese).Sci China Ser G-Phys Mech Astron,2009,39:1571–1583[江少恩,丁永坤,缪文勇,等.我国激光惯性约束聚变实验研究进展.中国科学G辑:物理学力学天文学,2009,39:1571–1583]
23 Pu Y D,Chen B L,Huang T X,et al.Experimental studies of implosion physics in the research of indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2015,27:032015[蒲昱东,陈伯伦,黄天晅,等.激光间接驱动惯性约束聚变内爆物理实验研究.强激光与粒子束,2015,27:032015]
24 Chen B L,Jiang W,Jing L F,et al.Reemission technique for early time,hohlraum radiation symmetry measurements on SGⅡfacility(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2013,25:385–388[陈伯伦,蒋炜,景龙飞,等.再发射技术测量SGⅡ黑腔靶早期对称性.强激光与粒子束,2013,25:385–388]
25 Liu S Y,Yang G H,Zhang J Y,et al.Experimental research of capsule implosion by X-ray backlighting radiography at Shenguang Ⅱ(in Chinese).High Power Laser Part Beams,2011,23:3333–3337[刘慎业,杨国洪,张继彦,等.神光Ⅱ装置靶丸内爆过程X射线背光照相实验研究.强激光与粒子束,2011,23:3333–3337]
26 Li H,Pu Y D,Jing L F,et al.Variation of implosion asymmetry with hohlraum length and time in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2013,62:225204[黎航,蒲昱东,景龙飞,等.间接驱动的内爆不对称性随腔长和时间变化的研究.物理学报,2013,62:225204]
27 Pu Y,Huang T,Wei M,et al.Spectroscopic studies of shell mix in directly driven implosion on SGⅢ prototype laser facility.Phys Plasmas,2014,21:122707
28 Chen B,Yang Z,Wei M,et al.Implosion dynamics measurements by monochromatic X-ray radiography in inertial confinement fusion.Phys Plasmas,2014,21:122705
29 Cao Z R,Ding Y K,Dong J J,et al.Researches and applications of X-ray high-spatial-resolution multi-energy microscope system(in Chinese).High Power and Particle Beams,2015,27:100–114[曹柱荣,丁永坤,董建军,等.X射线高空间分辨多色显微成像系统研制及应用.强激光与粒子束,2015,27:100–114]
30 Wang F,Peng X,Liu S,et al.A line-imaging velocity interferometer technique for shock diagnostics without X-ray preheat limitation.Rev Sci Instruments,2011,82:103108
31 Peng H S,Zheng Z J,Zhang B H,et al.Direct-drive implosion experiments on the SG-Ⅱ laser facility.J Fusion Energy,2000,19:81–85
32 Cheng J X,Zhen Z J,Chen H S,et al.Implosion compression characteristic of direct-driven ablation target with 1.06μm laser(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2004,53:3419–3423[成金秀,郑志坚,陈红素,等,1.06μm激光直接驱动烧蚀靶内爆压缩特性.物理学报,2004,53:3419–3423]
33 Luo P Q,Zhang Y H,Zhang W Y,et al.Theoretical study of directly driven ablation on SGⅡ using 1ω0 laser(in Chinese).Annu Rep ICF Prog China(1999–2000),2001,21[罗平庆,张永慧,张维岩,等.神光Ⅱ基频激光烧蚀靶实验的理论研究.ICF年报汇编1999–2000,2001,21]
34 Luo P Q,Yu R,Zhang Y H,et al.Theoretical study of exploding pusher implosion on SGⅡ using 1ω0 laser(in Chinese).Annu Rep ICF Prog China(1999–2000),2001,29[罗平庆,于仁,张永慧,等.神光Ⅱ基频爆推靶实验的理论研究.ICF年报汇编1999–2000,2001,29]
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