缺氧-好氧连续流亚硝化颗粒污泥反应器的启动及稳定运行
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摘要
在室温下(17~19℃),通过接种成熟的亚硝化颗粒污泥于缺氧-好氧连续流反应器中,研究连续流亚硝化颗粒污泥的启动及稳定运行.结果表明,在启动阶段,颗粒污泥系统的亚硝态氮积累率(NAR)平均超过95%,成功启动了缺氧-好氧连续流亚硝化颗粒污泥系统.将好氧区溶解氧(DO)由(3±0.2) mg·L~(-1)提高到(4.5±0.2) mg·L~(-1),探究DO对于该连续流系统的影响.结果表明,在较高DO下,缺氧-好氧连续流亚硝化颗粒污泥系统仍能保持良好的亚硝化性能,平均NAR大于95%.另外,通过改变进水的水力停留时间(HRT),探究HRT对于该连续流系统的影响.较短的水力停留时间(8.4 h)会加快污泥颗粒在系统中的循环,使破碎的颗粒污泥不能及时重组,致使污泥颗粒沉淀性变差,造成污泥颗粒的流失.HRT增加到12.2h时,颗粒污泥系统得到了恢复,并且可以稳定运行.在运行末(166 d),氨氮去除率和NAR分别为86.7%和96.2%.
Matured nitrosation granules were inoculated to an anoxic-aerobic continuous-flow reactor at room temperature(17-19℃).The startup and stabilization of nitrosation with granules were studied.The results show that the nitrosation of the continuous-flow was successfully achieved with an average nitrite accumulation rate(NAR) above 95%.With the increase of the dissolved oxygen(DO)content from(3±0.2) to(4.5±0.2) mg·L~(-1) in the aerobic zone,the NAR remained above 95%.The effect of the hydraulic retention time(HRT) of the continuous-flow reactor was investigated.The short HRT(8.4 h) sped up the circulation of the sludge particles in the continuous-flow system such that the broken granular sludge could not be integrated in time,resulting in the deterioration of granular sludge settling and the loss of sludge granules.The performance of the system was restored with the increase of the HRT to 12.2 h and the continuous-flow system stabilized.The ammonia removal efficiency and NAR were 86.7% and 96.2% on day 166,respectively.
Matured nitrosation granules were inoculated to an anoxic-aerobic continuous-flow reactor at room temperature(17-19℃).The startup and stabilization of nitrosation with granules were studied.The results show that the nitrosation of the continuous-flow was successfully achieved with an average nitrite accumulation rate(NAR) above 95%.With the increase of the dissolved oxygen(DO)content from(3±0.2) to(4.5±0.2) mg·L~(-1) in the aerobic zone,the NAR remained above 95%.The effect of the hydraulic retention time(HRT) of the continuous-flow reactor was investigated.The short HRT(8.4 h) sped up the circulation of the sludge particles in the continuous-flow system such that the broken granular sludge could not be integrated in time,resulting in the deterioration of granular sludge settling and the loss of sludge granules.The performance of the system was restored with the increase of the HRT to 12.2 h and the continuous-flow system stabilized.The ammonia removal efficiency and NAR were 86.7% and 96.2% on day 166,respectively.
引文
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[28]Zekker I,Ri kmann E,Tenno T,et al.Nitritating-anammox biomass tolerant to high dissolved oxygen concentration and C/Nratio in treatment of yeast factory wastewater[J].Environmental Technology,2014,35(12):1565-1576.
[2]Schmidt I,Sliekers O,Schmid M,et al.New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater[J].Fems Microbiology Reviews,2006,27(4):481-492.
[3]Vlaeminck S E,De Clippeleir H,Verstraete W.Microbial resource management of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox[J].Microbial Biotechnology,2012,5(3):433-448.
[4]Li X J,Sung S W.Development of the combined nitritationanammox process in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor with anammox granules[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,281:837-843.
[5]Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al.Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey[J].Water Research,2014,55:292-303.
[6]Ni B J,Fang F,Xie W M,et al.Growth,maintenance and product formation of autotrophs in activated sludge:taking the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria as an example[J].Water Research,2008,42(16):4261-4270.
[7]Bian W,Zhang S Y,Zhang Y Z,et al.Achieving nitritation in a continuous moving bed biofilm reactor at different temperatures through ratio control[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,226:73-79.
[8]Feng Y J,Tseng S K,Hsia T H,et al.Partial nitrification of ammonium-rich wastewater as pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)using membrane aeration bioreactor[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2007,104(3):182-187.
[9]Tsuneda S,Nagano T,Hoshino T,et al.Characterization of nitrifying granules produced in an aerobic upflow fluidized bed reactor[J].Water Research,2003,37(20):4965-4973.
[10]Juang Y C,Adav S S,Lee D J,et al.Stable aerobic granules for continuous-flow reactors:precipitating calcium and iron salts in granular interiors[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(21):8051-8057.
[11]Ruiz G,Jeison D,Chamy R.Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration[J].Water Research,2003,37(6):1371-1377.
[12]Kishida N,Saeki G,Tsuneda S,et al.Rapid start-up of a nitrifying reactor using aerobic granular sludge as seed sludge[J].Water Science and Technology:A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2012,65(3):581-588.
[13]Wan C L,Sun S P,Lee D J,et al.Partial nitrification using aerobic granules in continuous-flow reactor:rapid startup[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,142:517-522.
[14]Peng Y Z,Zhu G B.Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2006,73(1):15-26.
[15]Spieck E,Hartwig C,Mccormack I,et al.Selective enrichment and molecular characterization of a previously uncultured Nitrospira-like bacterium from activated sludge[J].Environmental Microbiology,2006,8(3):405-415.
[16]包鹏,王淑莹,马斌,等.不同溶解氧间歇曝气对亚硝酸盐氧化菌的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2696-2702.Bao P,Wang S Y,Ma B,et al.Effect of dissolve oxygen on the microbial community of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in an intermittent aeration reactor[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(9):2696-2702.
[17]Gilbert E M,Agrawal S,Brunner F,et al.Response of different Nitrospira species to anoxic periods depends on operational DO[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(5):2934-2941.
[18]Ge S J,Peng Y Z,Qiu S,et al.Complete nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via partial nitrification by appropriately alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions in a continuous plug-flow step feed process[J].Water Research,2014,55:95-105.
[19]Zeng W,Li L,Yang Y Y,et al.Nitritation and denitritation of domestic wastewater using a continuous anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic(A2O)process at ambient temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(21):8074-8082.
[20]张艳辉,李冬,梁瑜海,等.缺氧/好氧比对连续流半亚硝化稳定性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(6):1724-1731.Zhang Y H,Li D,Liang Y H,et al.Influence of anoxic/aerobic ratio on stability of partial nitritation in a continuous flow process[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(6):1724-1731.
[21]Li D,Lv Y F,Cao M Z,et al.Optimized hydraulic retention time for phosphorus and COD removal from synthetic domestic sewage with granules in a continuous-flow reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:1083-1087.
[22]Shi Y J,Wang X H,Yu H B,et al.Aerobic granulation for nitrogen removal via nitrite in a sequencing batch reactor and the emission of nitrous oxide[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2536-2541.
[23]Wan J F,Bessière Y,Spérandio M.Alternating anoxic feast/aerobic famine condition for improving granular sludge formation in sequencing batch airlift reactor at reduced aeration rate[J].Water Research,2009,43(20):5097-5108.
[24]Li D,Lv Y F,Zeng H P,et al.Startup and long term operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal in continuous-flow reactor with granules[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,212:92-99.
[25]Pijuan M,Werner U,Yuan Z G.Reducing the startup time of aerobic granular sludge reactors through seeding floccular sludge with crushed aerobic granules[J].Water Research,2011,45(16):5075-5083.
[26]de Kreuk M K,van Loosdrecht M C.Selection of slow growing organisms as a means for improving aerobic granular sludge stability[J].Water Science and Technology:A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2004,49(11-12):9-17.
[27]Broc kmann D,Morgenroth E.Evaluating operating conditions for outcompeting nitrite oxidizers and maintaining partial nitrification in biofilm systems using biofilm modeling and Monte Carlo filtering[J].Water Research,2010,44(6):1995-2009.
[28]Zekker I,Ri kmann E,Tenno T,et al.Nitritating-anammox biomass tolerant to high dissolved oxygen concentration and C/Nratio in treatment of yeast factory wastewater[J].Environmental Technology,2014,35(12):1565-1576.