NaCl盐度对A~2/O工艺缺氧区胞外聚合物及生物絮凝性的影响
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摘要
为了提高含盐废水的生物脱氮除磷效率和生物絮凝性,考察NaCl盐度对A~2/O工艺缺氧区脱氮除磷效率的影响,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)与X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)分析缺氧区活性污泥胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)组分与结构变化,以期揭示盐度对生物絮凝性的影响.结果表明,当NaCl盐度为0~5 g·L~(-1)时,A~2/O缺氧区生物絮凝性良好,重絮凝性(flocculation ability,FA)约为44%,污泥粒径约为45.5μm,EPS含量为52.3~62 mg·L~(-1),PN/PS维持在2.1左右;当NaCl盐度由10 g·L~(-1)增加至40g·L~(-1)时,A~2/O缺氧区生物絮凝性显著降低,FA由40%下降至22%,污泥粒径由43.7μm减小至32.1μm,EPS含量由76.5 mg·L~(-1)增加至101.0 mg·L~(-1),PN/PS由1.5下降至1.3.随着NaCl盐度的增加,通过FTIR分析可知,EPS主要组成基团未发生明显变化,以氨基、酰胺Ⅰ和羧基为主;由XPS分析可知,EPS和Na+相互作用过程中部分基团(如C、O、N基团)发生电荷转移,但其存在形态未发生变化.
In order to improve the biological removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and bioflocculation performance of saltcontaining wastewater,the effect of NaCl salinity on the efficiency of denitrification and phosphorus removal in the anoxic zone of an A~2/O process was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to analyze the composition and structure of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) in activated sludge of the anoxic zone,to discern the effect of salinity on bioflocculation. Results showed that when NaCl salinity was 0-5 g·L~(-1),flocculation ability(FA) in A~2/O anoxic zone was about 44% and the sludge particle size was 45. 5 μm. EPS content increased from 52. 3 mg·L~(-1) to 62 mg·L~(-1) and protein(PN)/polysaccharide(PS) remained at 2. 1. When NaCl salinity increased from 10 g·L~(-1) to 40 g·L~(-1),bioflocculation of sludge significantly decreased. FA decreased from 40% to 22% and sludge particle size decreased from 43. 7 μm to 32. 1 μm. EPS content increased from 76. 5 mg·L~(-1) to 101. 0 mg·L~(-1) and PN/PS decreased from 1. 5 to 1. 3. Based on FTIR analysis,with increase in salinity,the main components of EPS were always amino,amideⅠ,and carboxyl. Based on XPS analysis,increasing salinity led to charge transfer of some groups(such as C,O,and N groups) during the interaction between EPS and Na+,but its form did not change.
In order to improve the biological removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and bioflocculation performance of saltcontaining wastewater,the effect of NaCl salinity on the efficiency of denitrification and phosphorus removal in the anoxic zone of an A~2/O process was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to analyze the composition and structure of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) in activated sludge of the anoxic zone,to discern the effect of salinity on bioflocculation. Results showed that when NaCl salinity was 0-5 g·L~(-1),flocculation ability(FA) in A~2/O anoxic zone was about 44% and the sludge particle size was 45. 5 μm. EPS content increased from 52. 3 mg·L~(-1) to 62 mg·L~(-1) and protein(PN)/polysaccharide(PS) remained at 2. 1. When NaCl salinity increased from 10 g·L~(-1) to 40 g·L~(-1),bioflocculation of sludge significantly decreased. FA decreased from 40% to 22% and sludge particle size decreased from 43. 7 μm to 32. 1 μm. EPS content increased from 76. 5 mg·L~(-1) to 101. 0 mg·L~(-1) and PN/PS decreased from 1. 5 to 1. 3. Based on FTIR analysis,with increase in salinity,the main components of EPS were always amino,amideⅠ,and carboxyl. Based on XPS analysis,increasing salinity led to charge transfer of some groups(such as C,O,and N groups) during the interaction between EPS and Na+,but its form did not change.
引文
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[33]邹小玲,丁丽丽,赵明宇,等.高盐度废水生物处理研究[J].工业水处理,2008,28(9):1-4.Zou X L,Ding L L,Zhao M Y,et al.Study on the treatment of wastewater with high salinity[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2008,28(9):1-4.
[2]刘子森,肖恩荣,张丽萍,等.EPS及其测定方法分析[J].膜科学与技术,2015,35(4):103-109,122.Liu Z S,Xiao E R,Zhang L P,et al.Analysis on the determination methods of EPS[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2015,35(4):103-109,122.
[3]唐海,刘桂中.好氧颗粒污泥SBR处理实际含盐废水的研究[J].工业水处理,2013,33(7):33-35.Tang H,Liu G Z.Research on the treatment of real saltcontaining wastewater by SBR seeded with aerobic granular sludge[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2013,33(7):33-35.
[4]Zhao Y Y,Park H D,Park J H,et al.Effect of different salinity adaptation on the performance and microbial community in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:808-816.
[5]Palmeiro-Sánchez T,Fra-Vázquez A,Rey-Martínez N,et al.Transient concentrations of Na Cl affect the PHA accumulation in mixed microbial culture[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,306:332-339.
[6]She Z L,Zhao L T,Zhang X L,et al.Partial nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor treating high-salinity wastewater[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,288:207-215.
[7]Raynaud M,Vaxelaire J,Olivier J,et al.Compression dewatering of municipal activated sludge:effects of salt and p H[J].Water Research,2012,46(14):4448-4456.
[8]He D Q,Zhang Y J,He C S,et al.Changing profiles of bound water content and distribution in the activated sludge treatment by Na Cl addition and p H modification[J].Chemosphere,2017,186:702-708.
[9]Cui Y W,Su H,Chen Y F,et al.Mechanism of activated sludge floc disintegration induced by excess addition of Na Cl[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2015,43(8):1197-1206.
[10]Arabi S,Nakhla G.Impact of cation concentrations on fouling in membrane bioreactors[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2009,343(1-2):110-118.
[11]Hwang K L,Bang C H,Zoh K D.Characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the wastewater treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,214:881-884.
[12]刘振超.胞外聚合物对活性污泥沉降性能影响机制研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2015.11-12.Liu Z C.Mechanism study on the effect of extracellular polymer substance to the settleability of activated sludge[D].Qingdao:Qingdao Technological University,2015.11-12.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.200-281.
[14]Wilén B M,Jin B,Lant P.The influence of key chemical constituents in activated sludge on surface and flocculating properties[J].Water Research,2003,37(9):2127-2139.
[15]何志江,赵媛,张源凯,等.活性污泥表面性质对絮凝沉降性能与出水悬浮物的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):3135-3143.He Z J,Zhao Y,Zhang Y K,et al.Influence of activated sludge surface properties on flocculating settling and effluent suspend solid[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(8):3135-3143.
[16]张兰河,李军,郭静波,等.EPS对活性污泥絮凝沉降性能与表面性质的影响[J].化工学报,2012,63(6):1865-1871.Zhang L H,Li J,Guo J B,et al.Effect of EPS on flocculationsedimentation and surface properties of activated sludge[J].CIESC Journal,2012,63(6):1865-1871.
[17]Chen Y J,He H J,Liu H Y,et al.Effect of salinity on removal performance and activated sludge characteristics in sequencing batch reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,249:890-899.
[18]Corsino S F,Capodici M,Morici C,et al.Simultaneous nitritation-denitritation for the treatment of high-strength nitrogen in hypersaline wastewater by aerobic granular sludge[J].Water Research,2016,88:329-336.
[19]Uygur A,KargF.Salt inhibition on biological nutrient removal from saline wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2004,34(3-4):313-318.
[20]Wang Z W,Van Loosdrecht M C M,Saikaly P E.Gradual adaptation to salt and dissolved oxygen:Strategies to minimize adverse effect of salinity on aerobic granular sludge[J].Water Research,2017,124:702-712.
[21]Zhang Y,Li B,Xu R X,et al.Effects of pressurized aeration on organic degradation efficiency and bacterial community structure of activated sludge treating saline wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,222:182-189.
[22]Tomska A.Influence of selected pharmaceuticals on activated sludge dehydrogenase activity[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,48:214-218.
[23]Reid E,Liu X R,Judd S J.Effect of high salinity on activated sludge characteristics and membrane permeability in an immersed membrane bioreactor[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2006,283(1):164-171.
[24]Hong J M,Li W B,Lin B,et al.Deciphering the effect of salinity on the performance of submerged membrane bioreactor for aquaculture of bacterial community[J].Desalination,2013,316:23-30.
[25]文湘华,占新民,王建龙,等.含盐废水的生物处理研究进展[J].环境科学,1999,20(3):104-106.Wen X H,Zhan X M,Wang J L,et al.Review of the biological treatment of salinity wastewater[J].Environmental Science,1999,20(3):104-106.
[26]Abbasi A,Amiri S.Emulsifying behavior of an exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter cloacae[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2008,7(10):1574-1576.
[27]崔有为,王淑莹,宋学起,等.Na Cl盐度对活性污泥处理系统的影响[J].环境工程,2004,22(1):19-21,35.Cui Y W,Wang S Y,Song X Q,et al.Effects of Na Cl salinity on activated sludge treatment system[J].Environmental Engineering,2004,22(1):19-21,35.
[28]赵昕,倪晋仁,叶正芳.盐度对固定化曝气生物滤池中微生物的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1553-1559.Zhao X,Ni J R,Ye Z F.Effect of salinity on immobilized microorganisms in biological aerated filter(BAF)[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(7):1553-1559.
[29]Zhu L,Qi H Y,Lv M L,et al.Component analysis of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)during aerobic sludge granulation using FTIR and 3D-EEM technologies[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,124:455-459.
[30]Hu X W,Chen K,Lai X K,et al.Effects of Fe(Ⅲ)on biofilm and its extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)in fixed bed biofilm reactors[J].Water Science and Technology,2016,73(9):2060-2066.
[31]崔飞剑.垃圾渗滤液生物处理过程污泥胞外聚合物的变化及对污泥特性的影响[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.24-27.Cui F J.The changes of extracellular polymeric sludge and their effects on the characteristics of the sludge in the process of biological treatment of landfill leachate[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2016.24-27.
[32]Badireddy A R,Chellam S,Gassman P L,et al.Role of extracellular polymeric substances in bioflocculation of activated sludge microorganisms under glucose-controlled conditions[J].Water Research,2010,44(15):4505-4516.
[33]邹小玲,丁丽丽,赵明宇,等.高盐度废水生物处理研究[J].工业水处理,2008,28(9):1-4.Zou X L,Ding L L,Zhao M Y,et al.Study on the treatment of wastewater with high salinity[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2008,28(9):1-4.