低强度超声波强化A~2/O工艺处理猪场养殖废水
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摘要
规模化猪场养殖排放的废水对周边水环境的影响不容忽视。该研究采用复合处理的方法,探索了以低强度超声波强化A2/O生物反应器高效处理规模化猪场养殖废水的新工艺。经检测,通过间歇超声的强化模式对水质改善有明显作用但波动性较大;而采用连续超声模式,处理后出水中各污染物的去除率在原有A2/O生物反应器处理的基础上大大提高,COD、BOD5、氨氮、总磷的浓度分别下降到了41~57、3~8、6~12、0.09~0.8 mg/L的范围内,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B的水质要求。猪场养殖废水处理的实际运行效果表明,该强化方法处理效果良好,运行稳定,可实现猪场养殖废水的达标排放。
With the development of large-scale pig farms in recent years,swine wastewater discharged from these farms has already polluted the water environment heavily. This study investigated the purification of the swine wastewater from a pig farm in Inner Mongolia with combined process of low- intensity ultrasonic activation chamber enhanced biological A2/O reactor. A new technology was built in the advanced treatment of wastewaters from large-scale pig farms and the technological process and procedures were described as well. COD,BOD5,ammonia-nitrogen,and total phosphorus were detected through intermittent ultrasound and continuous ultrasound in the treated water through the whole process. Based on the experimental results,ultrasonic enhancement in batch mode worked with instability. The intensified effect was not stable in the whole process. However,when ultrasonic enhancement was applied in a continuous mode,removal rate of COD,BOD5,ammonia-nitrogen and total phosphorus in the effluent of swine wastewater was increased obviously and stably compared with that of the original biological A2/O reactor. Concentrations of COD,BOD5,ammonia-nitrogen and total phosphorus were reduced to 41~57,3~8,6~12 and 0.09~0.8 mg/L,respectively,which could fully meet the requirements of Grade B in GB18918-2002 Standard for Discharge of Pollutants from Sewage Treatment Works in Towns and Cities. In conclusion,the combination process of low-intensity ultrasonic enhanced biological A2/O reactor showed outstanding and stable purification ability on the swine wastewater based on the bench-scale operation experiments on the pig farm. It has important significance to reduce the pollution caused by the swine wastewater and improve the natural water environment.
With the development of large-scale pig farms in recent years,swine wastewater discharged from these farms has already polluted the water environment heavily. This study investigated the purification of the swine wastewater from a pig farm in Inner Mongolia with combined process of low- intensity ultrasonic activation chamber enhanced biological A2/O reactor. A new technology was built in the advanced treatment of wastewaters from large-scale pig farms and the technological process and procedures were described as well. COD,BOD5,ammonia-nitrogen,and total phosphorus were detected through intermittent ultrasound and continuous ultrasound in the treated water through the whole process. Based on the experimental results,ultrasonic enhancement in batch mode worked with instability. The intensified effect was not stable in the whole process. However,when ultrasonic enhancement was applied in a continuous mode,removal rate of COD,BOD5,ammonia-nitrogen and total phosphorus in the effluent of swine wastewater was increased obviously and stably compared with that of the original biological A2/O reactor. Concentrations of COD,BOD5,ammonia-nitrogen and total phosphorus were reduced to 41~57,3~8,6~12 and 0.09~0.8 mg/L,respectively,which could fully meet the requirements of Grade B in GB18918-2002 Standard for Discharge of Pollutants from Sewage Treatment Works in Towns and Cities. In conclusion,the combination process of low-intensity ultrasonic enhanced biological A2/O reactor showed outstanding and stable purification ability on the swine wastewater based on the bench-scale operation experiments on the pig farm. It has important significance to reduce the pollution caused by the swine wastewater and improve the natural water environment.
引文
[1]环保部,国家统计局,农业部.第一次全国污染源普查公报[R].2010.Ministry of Environmental Protection,National Bureau of Statistics,Ministry of Agriculture.The First National Census of Pollution Sources Communique[R].2010.(in Chinese)
[2]马国霞,於方,曹东,等.中国农业面源污染物排放量计算及中长期预测[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):490-498.Ma Guoxia,Yu Fang,Cao Dong,et al.Calculation of agricultural non-point source pollution emission in China and its long-term forecast[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(2):490-498.(in Chinese)
[3]张克强,高怀友.畜禽养殖业污染物处理与处置[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:22-24.Zhang Keqiang,Gao Huaiyou.Treatment and Disposal of Pollutants from Poultry Breeding Industries[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004:22-24.(in Chinese)
[4]潘霞,李双来,胡诚,等.猪场废水处理技术研究进展与应用[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(1):69-72.Pan Xia,Li Shuanglai,Hu Cheng,et al.Advance and utilization of treatment technology on wastewater from piggery[J].Hubei Agricultural Science,2011,50(1):69-72.(in Chinese)
[5]高春芳,刘超翔,王振,等.人工湿地组合生态工艺对规模化猪场养殖废水的净化效果研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):154-159.Gao Chunfang,Liu Chaoxiang,Wang Zhen,et al.Purification performance of a constructed three-stage wetland system for ecological treatment of piggery wastewater[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2011,20(1):154-159.(in Chinese)
[6]闫立龙,王晓辉,梁海晶,等.UASB去除猪场废水有机物影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):61-65.Yan Lilong,Wang Xiaohui,Liang Haijing,et al.On the factors influencing COD removal in piggery sewage by UASB[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(3):61-65.(in Chinese)
[7]石利军,刘慧芬,郝建朝.HBR反应器处理畜禽养殖废水实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(1):148-151.Shi Lijun,Liu Huifen,Hao Jianchao.Experimental study on treatment of livestock and poultry farm wastewaters using a hybrid baffled reactor[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(1):148-151.(in Chinese)
[8]Shin J H,Lee S M,Jung J Y,et al.Enhanced COD and nitrogen removals for the treatment of swine wastewater by combining the submerged membrane bioreactor(MBR)and anaerobic upflow bed filter(AUBF)reactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(12):3769-3776.
[9]Wu P F,Teng J C,Lin Y H,et al.Increasing algal biofuel production using Nannocholropsis oculata cultivated with anaerobically and aerobically treated swine wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,133:102-108.
[10]李清,胡启春,祝其丽,等.高含氮养殖污水厌氧-好氧组合处理实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12):189-193.Li Qing,Hu Qichun,Zhu Qili,et al.Experimental study on treatment of poultry manure with high nitrogen content by anaerobic-aerobic co-treatment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(12):189-193.(in Chinese)
[11]冯若,姚锦钟,关立勋.超声手册[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1999.Feng Ruo,Yao Jinzhong,Guan Lixun.Handbook of Ultrasound[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,1999.(in Chinese)
[12]白晓慧.超声波技术与污水污泥及难降解废水处理[J].工业水处理,2000,20(12):8-10.Bai Xiaohui.Application of ultrasonic technique to sewage sludge and refractory wastewater treatment[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2000,20(12):8-10.(in Chinese)
[13]艾军勇,张道勇,牟书勇,等.超声波/紫外线-Fenton反应联用去除克拉玛依土壤中石油类污染物[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(3):983-988.Ai Junyong,Zhang Daoyong,Mou Shuyong,et al.Removal of petroleum from soil in Qaramay using ultrasound/ultraviolet Fenton reaction[J].Journal of Environ-mental Engineering,2012,6(3):983-988.(in Chinese)
[14]Lin L D,Wu J Y.Enhancement of shikonin production in single-and two-phase suspension cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cells using low-energy ultrasound[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2002,78(1):81-88.
[15]叶运弟,孙水裕,郑莉,等.超声波促进好氧/缺氧污泥消化过程中细菌群落结构分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):618-624.Ye Yundi,Sun Shuiyu,Zheng Li,et al.Analysis of community structure on sludge aerobic/anoxic digestion after ultrasonic pretreatment[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(2):618-624.(in Chinese)
[16]Wang J,Guo Y,Liu B,et al.Detection and analysis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated by nano-sized Ti O2powder under ultrasonic irradiation and application in sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2011,18(1):177-183.
[17]Wei K L,Chen M,Wang F,et al.A rapid monitoring system for the determination of COD in waters based on ultrasonic assisted digestion and miniaturized spectral analytical system[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,401:1295-1300.
[18]Li H N,Zhu X P,Ni J R.Inactivation of Escherichia coli in Na2SO4electrolyte using boron-doped diamond anode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2010,56(1):448-453.
[19]刘红,何韵华,张山立,等.微污染水源水处理中超声波强化生物降解有机污染物研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(3):57-60.Liu Hong,He Yunhua,Zhang Shanli,et al.Organic pollutants biodegradation in micro-polluted water enhanced by ultrasonic[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(3):57-60.(in Chinese)
[20]Wood B E,Aldrich H C,Ingram L O.Ultrasound stimulates ethanol production during the simultaneous scarification and fermentation of mixed waste office paper[J].Biotechnological Progress,1997,13:232-237.
[21]Zhu X P,Ni J R,Li H N,et al.Effects of ultrasound on electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of p-substituted phenols at BDD and Pb O2anodes[J].Electrochimica Acta,2010,55(20):5569-5575.
[2]马国霞,於方,曹东,等.中国农业面源污染物排放量计算及中长期预测[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):490-498.Ma Guoxia,Yu Fang,Cao Dong,et al.Calculation of agricultural non-point source pollution emission in China and its long-term forecast[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(2):490-498.(in Chinese)
[3]张克强,高怀友.畜禽养殖业污染物处理与处置[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:22-24.Zhang Keqiang,Gao Huaiyou.Treatment and Disposal of Pollutants from Poultry Breeding Industries[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004:22-24.(in Chinese)
[4]潘霞,李双来,胡诚,等.猪场废水处理技术研究进展与应用[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(1):69-72.Pan Xia,Li Shuanglai,Hu Cheng,et al.Advance and utilization of treatment technology on wastewater from piggery[J].Hubei Agricultural Science,2011,50(1):69-72.(in Chinese)
[5]高春芳,刘超翔,王振,等.人工湿地组合生态工艺对规模化猪场养殖废水的净化效果研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):154-159.Gao Chunfang,Liu Chaoxiang,Wang Zhen,et al.Purification performance of a constructed three-stage wetland system for ecological treatment of piggery wastewater[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2011,20(1):154-159.(in Chinese)
[6]闫立龙,王晓辉,梁海晶,等.UASB去除猪场废水有机物影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):61-65.Yan Lilong,Wang Xiaohui,Liang Haijing,et al.On the factors influencing COD removal in piggery sewage by UASB[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(3):61-65.(in Chinese)
[7]石利军,刘慧芬,郝建朝.HBR反应器处理畜禽养殖废水实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(1):148-151.Shi Lijun,Liu Huifen,Hao Jianchao.Experimental study on treatment of livestock and poultry farm wastewaters using a hybrid baffled reactor[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(1):148-151.(in Chinese)
[8]Shin J H,Lee S M,Jung J Y,et al.Enhanced COD and nitrogen removals for the treatment of swine wastewater by combining the submerged membrane bioreactor(MBR)and anaerobic upflow bed filter(AUBF)reactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(12):3769-3776.
[9]Wu P F,Teng J C,Lin Y H,et al.Increasing algal biofuel production using Nannocholropsis oculata cultivated with anaerobically and aerobically treated swine wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,133:102-108.
[10]李清,胡启春,祝其丽,等.高含氮养殖污水厌氧-好氧组合处理实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12):189-193.Li Qing,Hu Qichun,Zhu Qili,et al.Experimental study on treatment of poultry manure with high nitrogen content by anaerobic-aerobic co-treatment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(12):189-193.(in Chinese)
[11]冯若,姚锦钟,关立勋.超声手册[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1999.Feng Ruo,Yao Jinzhong,Guan Lixun.Handbook of Ultrasound[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,1999.(in Chinese)
[12]白晓慧.超声波技术与污水污泥及难降解废水处理[J].工业水处理,2000,20(12):8-10.Bai Xiaohui.Application of ultrasonic technique to sewage sludge and refractory wastewater treatment[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2000,20(12):8-10.(in Chinese)
[13]艾军勇,张道勇,牟书勇,等.超声波/紫外线-Fenton反应联用去除克拉玛依土壤中石油类污染物[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(3):983-988.Ai Junyong,Zhang Daoyong,Mou Shuyong,et al.Removal of petroleum from soil in Qaramay using ultrasound/ultraviolet Fenton reaction[J].Journal of Environ-mental Engineering,2012,6(3):983-988.(in Chinese)
[14]Lin L D,Wu J Y.Enhancement of shikonin production in single-and two-phase suspension cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cells using low-energy ultrasound[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2002,78(1):81-88.
[15]叶运弟,孙水裕,郑莉,等.超声波促进好氧/缺氧污泥消化过程中细菌群落结构分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):618-624.Ye Yundi,Sun Shuiyu,Zheng Li,et al.Analysis of community structure on sludge aerobic/anoxic digestion after ultrasonic pretreatment[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(2):618-624.(in Chinese)
[16]Wang J,Guo Y,Liu B,et al.Detection and analysis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated by nano-sized Ti O2powder under ultrasonic irradiation and application in sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2011,18(1):177-183.
[17]Wei K L,Chen M,Wang F,et al.A rapid monitoring system for the determination of COD in waters based on ultrasonic assisted digestion and miniaturized spectral analytical system[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,401:1295-1300.
[18]Li H N,Zhu X P,Ni J R.Inactivation of Escherichia coli in Na2SO4electrolyte using boron-doped diamond anode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2010,56(1):448-453.
[19]刘红,何韵华,张山立,等.微污染水源水处理中超声波强化生物降解有机污染物研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(3):57-60.Liu Hong,He Yunhua,Zhang Shanli,et al.Organic pollutants biodegradation in micro-polluted water enhanced by ultrasonic[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(3):57-60.(in Chinese)
[20]Wood B E,Aldrich H C,Ingram L O.Ultrasound stimulates ethanol production during the simultaneous scarification and fermentation of mixed waste office paper[J].Biotechnological Progress,1997,13:232-237.
[21]Zhu X P,Ni J R,Li H N,et al.Effects of ultrasound on electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of p-substituted phenols at BDD and Pb O2anodes[J].Electrochimica Acta,2010,55(20):5569-5575.