网目缩结对盘锦海域桁杆虾拖网网囊的选择性影响
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摘要
为研究盘锦海域桁杆虾拖网网囊结构的调整,掌握网囊网目在不同缩结系数0.99、0.95、0.91时对桁杆虾拖网捕获葛氏长臂虾Palaemon gravieri和脊尾白虾Palaemon carinicauda的选择性影响,采用套网法对不同缩结系数的网囊网目进行了选择性试验。结果表明:随着网囊网目缩结系数的减小,两种虾的选择性曲线向右偏移,较小体长范围内虾的选择率变小,说明可以释放一定数量的幼虾;但当所捕获的葛氏长臂虾和脊尾白虾体长达到某一值时,缩结系数的减小对两种虾的选择性已无明显影响,当缩结系数为0.95、0.91时,对应葛氏长臂虾体长分别为42.5、52.5 mm,对应脊尾白虾体长均为47.5 mm。研究表明,缩结系数降低后,两种虾的选择范围均变小,选择性尖锐度变强,本研究结果可为桁杆拖网过渡期的合理利用和保护渤海海域幼虾类资源提供科学依据,也可为过渡期后的桁杆虾拖网归属问题提供一些理论参考。
The influence of cod-end mesh hanging ratio at 0.99,0.95,and 0.91 on selectivity of shrimp Palaemon gravieri and Palaemon carinicauda was studied to regulate the cod-end structure of beam shrimp trawl in Panjin coastal area. The result showed that selective curve of two shrimp species was moved to the right,lower selectivity ratio for smaller shrimp with the decrease in cod-end mesh hanging ratio,indicating some juvenile shrimps escaped from the cod-end.However,no significant influence of hanging ratio on the selectivity of shrimp was observed when the two shrimp body length reached a certain value,captive Palaemon gravieri with body length of 42.5 mm at hanging ratio of 0.95; captive Palaemon gravieri with body length of 52.5 mm at hanging ratio of 0.91; and captive Palaemon carinicauda with body length of 47.5 mm at hanging ratio of 0.95 and 0.91. Selection range of two shrimp species was found to be decreased and the strength of selective sharp degree became strong as the hanging ratio decreased according to the selective index. The findings provided some effective suggestions for protecting the juvenile shrimp resources and the rational use of beam shrimp trawl and some theoretical references for the affiliation problem of beam shrimp trawl after the transitional period.
The influence of cod-end mesh hanging ratio at 0.99,0.95,and 0.91 on selectivity of shrimp Palaemon gravieri and Palaemon carinicauda was studied to regulate the cod-end structure of beam shrimp trawl in Panjin coastal area. The result showed that selective curve of two shrimp species was moved to the right,lower selectivity ratio for smaller shrimp with the decrease in cod-end mesh hanging ratio,indicating some juvenile shrimps escaped from the cod-end.However,no significant influence of hanging ratio on the selectivity of shrimp was observed when the two shrimp body length reached a certain value,captive Palaemon gravieri with body length of 42.5 mm at hanging ratio of 0.95; captive Palaemon gravieri with body length of 52.5 mm at hanging ratio of 0.91; and captive Palaemon carinicauda with body length of 47.5 mm at hanging ratio of 0.95 and 0.91. Selection range of two shrimp species was found to be decreased and the strength of selective sharp degree became strong as the hanging ratio decreased according to the selective index. The findings provided some effective suggestions for protecting the juvenile shrimp resources and the rational use of beam shrimp trawl and some theoretical references for the affiliation problem of beam shrimp trawl after the transitional period.
引文
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[3]陈晓雪,陈雪忠,黄洪亮,等.春季东海区桁杆拖虾网网囊网目的选择性研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(2):133-137.
[4]唐衍力,杨炳忠,赵同阳,等.不同尺寸虾拖网网囊网目对副渔获物的选择性研究[J].海洋科学,2010,34(10):49-52.
[5]O’Neill F G,Kynoch R J.The effect of cover mesh size and codend catch size on cod-end selectivity[J].Fisheries Research,1996,28(3):291-303.
[6]罗炎标,张健,孙满昌.大鹏湾捕虾拖网渔获分隔试验的效果分析[J].南方水产,2007,3(1):14-19.
[7]唐衍力,孙国微,杨炳忠,等.黄海区虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(10):33-37.
[8]Grimaldo E,Larsen R B.The cosmos grid:a new design for reducing by-catch in the Nordic shrimp fishery[J].Fisheries Research,2005,76(2):187-197.
[9]Broadhurst M K.Modifications to reduce bycatch in prawn trawls:a review and framework for development[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2000,10(1):27-60.
[10]Thorsteinsson G.The use of square mesh codends in the Icelandic shrimp(Pandalus borealis)fishery[J].Fisheries Research,1992,13(3):255-266.
[11]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[12]梁振林,葛长宇,刘英光,等.国外渔具选择性研究进展[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(6):835-841.
[13]张健,孙满昌.欧洲地区选择性虾拖网渔具的研究进展[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):55-62.
[14]张健,石建高,陈小康.热带海域选择性虾拖网渔具的研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(3):268-276.
[15]東海正.瀬戸内海における小型底びき網漁業の資源管理-投棄魚問題と網目規制[J].南西水研研報,1993,26:31-106.
[16]松田皎.漁業の混獲問题(松岡達郎,ェドトロ-ル網漁業)[M].東京:恒星社厚生閣,1995:11-20.
[17]宋海棠,俞存根,薛利建,等.东海经济虾蟹类[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.