黄海双船有翼单囊拖网网囊最小网目尺寸研究
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摘要
为支撑《全国海洋捕捞渔具目录》的实施与管理,针对黄海双船有翼单囊拖网的网目选择性,于2017年8月在黄海南部的海州湾水域进行了不同网囊网目尺寸(40、54、60、70、90 mm)的套网法拖网试验,通过分析不同网目尺寸(40、54、60、70、90 mm)下主要渔获的逃逸率与幼鱼的释放效果,并结合数学建模方法对生态效益和经济效益进行了权衡研究。结果表明:随着网囊网目尺寸的增大,渔获逃逸率逐渐增加,对幼鱼的释放效果显著,从生态保护方面考虑,根据目前的资源状况,网囊网目尺寸可放大至80 mm以上;当网囊网目尺寸小于56 mm时,释放效果显著,当网目尺寸大于56 mm时,经济效益损失显著。研究表明,为了权衡生态效益和经济效益,建议将56 mm作为制定黄海双船有翼单囊拖网网囊最小网目尺寸的参考标准。
The escape rate of main catches and release of juvenile fish were studied using a pair trawl with double wings and single cod-end by cover-nets with cod-end mesh of 40,54,60,70 and 90 mm in Haizhou Bay in the southern Yellow Sea in August 2017 in order to support the implementation and management of Natural Marine Fishing Gear Catalog and study the selectivity of cod-end mesh of pair trawl with double wings and single cod-end. A balance of ecological effectiveness and economic effectiveness was made with a mathematical modeling method. It was found that the escape rate of fish was increased gradually with the increment in cod-end mesh size,and that the release effect of juvenile fish appeared to be elevated significantly. The mesh size of cod-end was shown to be enlarged to more than 80 mm based on the ecological protection under the present fishery resources in the Yellow Sea. The remarkable release effect was observed at the mesh size of < 56 mm,and the significant loss of economic effectiveness was found at the mesh size of > 56 mm. Therefore it is suggested that the mesh size of 56 mm be of scientific reference to the standard of the minimum cod-end mesh size of pair trawl in the Yellow Sea in order to balance the ecological effectiveness and economic effectiveness.
The escape rate of main catches and release of juvenile fish were studied using a pair trawl with double wings and single cod-end by cover-nets with cod-end mesh of 40,54,60,70 and 90 mm in Haizhou Bay in the southern Yellow Sea in August 2017 in order to support the implementation and management of Natural Marine Fishing Gear Catalog and study the selectivity of cod-end mesh of pair trawl with double wings and single cod-end. A balance of ecological effectiveness and economic effectiveness was made with a mathematical modeling method. It was found that the escape rate of fish was increased gradually with the increment in cod-end mesh size,and that the release effect of juvenile fish appeared to be elevated significantly. The mesh size of cod-end was shown to be enlarged to more than 80 mm based on the ecological protection under the present fishery resources in the Yellow Sea. The remarkable release effect was observed at the mesh size of < 56 mm,and the significant loss of economic effectiveness was found at the mesh size of > 56 mm. Therefore it is suggested that the mesh size of 56 mm be of scientific reference to the standard of the minimum cod-end mesh size of pair trawl in the Yellow Sea in order to balance the ecological effectiveness and economic effectiveness.
引文
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[21]李一帆.指数函数在数学建模中的重要应用[J].当代教育实践与教学研究,2017(3):169.
[22]刘桂阳,马少军.应用数学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[23]李峣,赵宪勇,张涛,等.黄海鳀鱼越冬洄游分布及其与物理环境的关系[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(2):104-112.
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[26]黄洪亮,唐峰华,陈雪忠,等.夏季东海区带鱼的网具选择性试验研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(5):433-442.
[27]金显仕,赵宪勇,孟田湘,等.黄、渤海生物资源与栖息环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[28]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[29]黄灿星,周耀仕,杨吝.56毫米适宜网目捕鱼效率研究[J].水产科技,1996(1):41-42.
[30]王明彦,李志诚,郁岳峰,等.东、黄海底拖网网囊网目的研究[C]//中国水产学会水产捕捞专业委员会.中国水产捕捞学术研讨会论文集.苏州:苏州大学出版社,1997:143-158.
[2]孙中之,许传才,周军,等.黄渤海区拖网渔业现状与分析[J].渔业现代化,2013,40(1):50-56.
[3]张秋华,程家骅,徐汉祥,等.东海区渔业资源及其可持续利用[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2007.
[4]柳卫海,詹秉义.东海区鲳鱼资源利用现状分析[J].湛江海洋大学学报,1999,19(1):30-34.
[5]中华人民共和国农业部公报.农业部关于实施海洋捕捞准用渔具最小网目尺寸制度的通告[M].中华人民共和国农业部公报,2013:44-46.
[6]宋学峰,陈雪忠,黄洪亮,等.东海区底拖网对小黄鱼的选择性研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(3):449-456.
[7]黄洪亮,王明彦,徐宝生,等.东海区拖网网囊网目选择性研究[J].水产学报,2005,29(2):232-237.
[8]杨吝,谭永光,张旭丰.南海底拖网方、菱目网囊选择性研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2002,22(3):19-25.
[9]孙满昌,王玉明.捕虾桁拖网网囊网目的选择性研究[J].水产学报,1999,23(2):186-192.
[10]唐衍力,黄六一,赵芬芳.关于拖网选择性影响因子的分析研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2003(3):89-95.
[11]宋学峰,陈雪忠,李灵智,等.东海区方形目与菱形目拖网网囊对小黄鱼的选择性研究[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(1):100-109.
[12]周景宇,张国胜,许传才,等.黄海北部单船有翼单囊底拖网结构优化研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(2):231-236.
[13]尤宗博,赵宪勇,李显森,等.黄海双船变水层拖网网囊的网目选择性研究[J].水产科学,2017,36(4):436-442.
[14]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[15]Zuur G,Fryer R J,Ferro R S T,et al.Modelling the size selectivities of a trawl codend and an associated square mesh panel[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2001,58(3):657-671.
[16]梁振林,葛长字,刘英光.国外渔具选择性研究进展[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(6):835-841.
[17]张健,孙满昌.几何相似原理在过滤性渔具网目选择性研究中的应用[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(3):314-320.
[18]邢彬彬,齐雨琨,马丁一,等.盘锦海域桁杆虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究[J].渔业现代化,2015,42(1):57-60,15.
[19]Madsen N,Holst R.Assessment of the cover effect in trawl codend selectivity experiments[J].Fisheries Research,2002,56(3):289-301.
[20]中华人民共和国农业部.渤海生物资源养护规定[R].北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2004.
[21]李一帆.指数函数在数学建模中的重要应用[J].当代教育实践与教学研究,2017(3):169.
[22]刘桂阳,马少军.应用数学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[23]李峣,赵宪勇,张涛,等.黄海鳀鱼越冬洄游分布及其与物理环境的关系[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(2):104-112.
[24]唐启升.中国专属经济区海洋生物资源与栖息环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[25]朱德山,韦晟.渤、黄、东海蓝点马鲛Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier et Valenciennes)渔业生物学及其渔业管理[J].渔业水产研究,1983,14(5):41-62.
[26]黄洪亮,唐峰华,陈雪忠,等.夏季东海区带鱼的网具选择性试验研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(5):433-442.
[27]金显仕,赵宪勇,孟田湘,等.黄、渤海生物资源与栖息环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[28]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[29]黄灿星,周耀仕,杨吝.56毫米适宜网目捕鱼效率研究[J].水产科技,1996(1):41-42.
[30]王明彦,李志诚,郁岳峰,等.东、黄海底拖网网囊网目的研究[C]//中国水产学会水产捕捞专业委员会.中国水产捕捞学术研讨会论文集.苏州:苏州大学出版社,1997:143-158.