粤东柘林湾海洋牧场渔业资源增殖效果评估
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摘要
为评价粤东柘林湾海洋牧场的建设效果,以环境卫星遥感和现场调查相结合的方法,对柘林湾海洋牧场建设前(2011年8月)和建设后(2013年8月)海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、叶绿素a质量浓度(chlorophyll a concentration,Chl a)、总渔获物的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)、生物多样性、底栖动物的生物量及栖息密度等进行了对比分析。结果表明,柘林湾海洋牧场建设后,海域氮磷比(N/P)接近16,Chl a质量浓度由海洋牧场建设前的7.5～12.3 mg·m~(-3)提高到建设后的10.4～16.2 mg·m~(-3)。总渔获物CPUE从2.1～5.5 kg·h~(-1)提高到5.8～14.5 kg·h~(-1)。鱼类、甲壳类、头足类和贝类的种类数分别增加了25种、3种、2种和3种,鱼类、甲壳类、头足类和贝类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)分别提高了0.5、0.4、0.1和1.0,底栖动物的生物量及栖息密度均有所增加。柘林湾海洋牧场的建设在一定程度上改善了渔业生境,对渔业资源的养护和增殖具有积极作用。
In order to assess the effects of the construction of Zhenlin Bay marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong, we compared the variation in sea surface temperature(SST), chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a), catch per unit effort(CPUE), biodiversity,biomass and density of zoobenthos during the pre-(August, 2011) and post-(August, 2013) marine ranching in Zhelin Bay, based on satellite remote sensing and survey data. Results show that the N/P ratio was nearly 16, and Chl a increased from 7.5~(-1)2.3 mg·m~(-3) to10.4~(-1)6.2 mg·m~(-3). CPUE increased from 2.1–5.5 kg·h~(-1) to 5.8~(-1)4.5 kg·h~(-1). The species number of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 25, 3, 2 and 3, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 0.5, 0.4, 0.1 and 1.0, respectively. Both biomass and density of zoobenthos also increased. The construction of marine ranching in Zhelin Bay has restored the habitat to some extent, and played a positive role in the conservation and proliferation of fishery resources.
In order to assess the effects of the construction of Zhenlin Bay marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong, we compared the variation in sea surface temperature(SST), chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a), catch per unit effort(CPUE), biodiversity,biomass and density of zoobenthos during the pre-(August, 2011) and post-(August, 2013) marine ranching in Zhelin Bay, based on satellite remote sensing and survey data. Results show that the N/P ratio was nearly 16, and Chl a increased from 7.5~(-1)2.3 mg·m~(-3) to10.4~(-1)6.2 mg·m~(-3). CPUE increased from 2.1–5.5 kg·h~(-1) to 5.8~(-1)4.5 kg·h~(-1). The species number of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 25, 3, 2 and 3, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 0.5, 0.4, 0.1 and 1.0, respectively. Both biomass and density of zoobenthos also increased. The construction of marine ranching in Zhelin Bay has restored the habitat to some extent, and played a positive role in the conservation and proliferation of fishery resources.
引文
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[27]张继红,方建光,蒋增杰,等.獐子岛养殖水域叶绿素含量时空分布特征及初级生产力季节变化[J].海洋水产研究,2008,29(4):22-28.
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[29]王菲菲,章守宇,林军.象山港海洋牧场规划区叶绿素a分布特征研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):266-273.
[30]刘子琳,蔡昱明,宁修仁.象山港中,西部秋季浮游植物粒径分级,叶绿素a和初级生产力[J].海洋学研究,1998,16(3):18-24.
[31]陈勇,田涛,尹增强,等.獐子岛近岸海洋牧场示范区生态修复效果初步研究[C]//2014水域生态环境修复学术研讨会论文集.大连海洋大学,2014:22-32.
[32]MENENDEZ M.Effect of nutrient pulses on photosynthesis of Chaetomorpha linum,from a shallow Mediterranean coastal lagoon[J].Aquat Bot,2005,82(3):181-192.
[33]胡奎伟,许柳雄,陈新军,等.海洋遥感在渔场分析中的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2012,18(6):1078-1087.
[34]NAKAMURA Y,KERCIKU F.Effects of filter-feeding bivalves on the distribution of water quality and nutrient cycling in a eutrophic lagoon[J].J Mar Sys,2000,26:209-221.
[35]陈丕茂,袁华荣,贾晓平,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):100-108.
[36]陈勇,杨军,田涛,等.獐子岛海洋牧场人工鱼礁区鱼类资源养护效果的初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(2):183-187.
[37]JIANG Z Y,LIANG Z L,ZHU L X,et al.Numerical simulation of effect of guide plate on flow field of artificial reef[J].Ocean Eng,2016,116:236-241.
[38]LIU Y,ZHAO Y P,DONG G H,et al.A study of the flow field characteristics around star-shaped artificial reefs[J].J Fluids Struct,2013,39(5):27-40.
[39]崔勇,关长涛,万荣,等.人工鱼礁流场效应的数值模拟与仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(23):7393-7396.
[40]CHARBONNEL E,SERRE C,RUITTON S,et al.Effects of increased habitat complexity on fish assemblages associated with large artificial reef units(French Mediterranean coast)[J].ICES JMar Sci,2002,59(S):S208-S213.
[41]张虎,刘培廷,汤建华,等.海州湾人工鱼礁大型底栖生物调查[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(2):97-104.
[42]KRONCKE I.Long-term change in North Sea benthos[J].Sencken Bergiana Marit,1995,26(12):73-80.
[43]申屠基康,林霞,赵亚波,等.贝类对对虾养殖池塘沉积物中小型底栖动物的影响[J].水产学报,2017,41(9):1434-1442.
[44]舒黎明,陈丕茂,黎小国,等.柘林湾附近海域大型底栖动物物种多样性[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(3):501-516.
[45]陈晨,焦海峰,王一农,等.象山港海洋牧场示范区大型底栖生物的时空变化[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):130-139.
[2]舒黎明,陈丕茂,秦传新,等.柘林湾-南澳岛潮间带冬夏两季大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(2):423-430.
[3]黄宏,李大鹏,张岩,等.海州湾海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放对营养盐的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(8):2854-2861.
[4]陈涛.基于浮游动物群落的象山港海洋牧场人工鱼礁建设效果分析[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014:1-47.
[5]廖秀丽,陈丕茂,马胜伟,等.大亚湾杨梅坑海域投礁前后浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):109-119.
[6]BECKER A,TAYLOR M D,LOWRY M B.Monitoring of reef associated and pelagic fish communities on Australia's first purpose built offshore artificial reef[J].ICES J Mar Sci,2017,74(1):fsw133.
[7]李纯厚,贾晓平,齐占会,等.大亚湾海洋牧场低碳渔业生产效果评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(11):2346-2352.
[8]CHEN C,JIAO H F,WANG Y N,et al.Temporal and spatial changes of macrobenthos in marine pasture demonstration area in Xiangshan Bay[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):130-139.
[9]张伟,李纯厚,贾晓平,等.环境因子对大亚湾人工鱼礁上附着生物分布的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4053-4060.
[10]彭璇,马胜伟,陈海刚,等.夏季柘林湾-南澳岛海洋牧场营养盐的空间分布及其评价[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(6):27-35.
[11]袁华荣,陈丕茂,秦传新,等.南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节变动的研究[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(2):26-35.
[12]舒黎明,陈丕茂,黎小国,等.柘林湾及其邻近海域大型底栖动物的种类组成和季节变化特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2015,34(1):124-132.
[13]余景,胡启伟,李纯厚,等.西沙-中沙海域春季鸢乌贼资源与海洋环境的关系[J].海洋学报,2017,39(6):62-73.
[14]YU J,TANG D L,YAO L J,et al.Long-term water temperature variations in Daya Bay of China using satellite and in situ observations[J].Terr Atmos Ocean Sci,2010,21(2):393-399.
[15]SONG W J,DONG Q,XUE C.A classified El Nino index using AVHRR remote-sensing SST data[J].Int J Remote Sens,2016,37(2):403-417.
[16]余景,胡启伟,袁华荣,等.基于遥感数据的大亚湾伏季休渔效果评价[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(3):1-9.
[17]YU J,CHEN P M,ZHAO M.Satellite remote sensing assessment of ecological effects of artificial reefs in Daya Bay,China[J].Int J Remote,2014,64(64):269-275.
[18]HILBORN R,WALTERS C J.Quantitative fisheries stock assessment[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1992:177-178.
[19]PARZEN E.On estimation of a probability density function and mode[J].Ann Stat,1962,33(3):1065-1076.
[20]WILSON J,SHEAVES M.Short-term temporal variations in taxonomic composition and trophic structure of a tropical estuarine fish assemblage[J].Mar Biol,2001,139(4):787-796.
[21]孙丕喜,王波,张朝晖,等.莱州湾海水中营养盐分布与富营养化的关系[J].海洋科学进展,2006,24(3):329-335.
[22]刘炜,李奶姜,李婕.福宁湾水质状况及其水体富营养化的初步探讨[J].海洋通报,2008,27(1):111-115.
[23]付英杰.两种养殖模式下枸杞岛紫贻贝的生长特征及其对水域水质的影响[D].舟山:浙江海洋学院,2014:1-48.
[24]CHEN J F.Dynamic mechanism of sediment resuspension with its effects on content of nutrients in water in the shellfish culture area of Sanggou Bay[J].Mar Fish Res,2007,28(3):105-111.
[25]ZOU D H,XIA J R.Nutrient metabolism of marine macroalgae and its relationship with coastal eutrophication:a review[J].Chin J Eco,2011,30(3):589-595.
[26]YU J,CHEN P M,TANG D L,et al.Ecological effects of artificial reefs in Daya Bay of China observed from satellite and in situ measurements[J].Adv Space Res,2015,55(9):2315-2324.
[27]张继红,方建光,蒋增杰,等.獐子岛养殖水域叶绿素含量时空分布特征及初级生产力季节变化[J].海洋水产研究,2008,29(4):22-28.
[28]黄长江,董巧香,吴常文,等.大规模增养殖区柘林湾叶绿素a的时空分布[J].海洋学报(中文版),2005,27(2):127-134.
[29]王菲菲,章守宇,林军.象山港海洋牧场规划区叶绿素a分布特征研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):266-273.
[30]刘子琳,蔡昱明,宁修仁.象山港中,西部秋季浮游植物粒径分级,叶绿素a和初级生产力[J].海洋学研究,1998,16(3):18-24.
[31]陈勇,田涛,尹增强,等.獐子岛近岸海洋牧场示范区生态修复效果初步研究[C]//2014水域生态环境修复学术研讨会论文集.大连海洋大学,2014:22-32.
[32]MENENDEZ M.Effect of nutrient pulses on photosynthesis of Chaetomorpha linum,from a shallow Mediterranean coastal lagoon[J].Aquat Bot,2005,82(3):181-192.
[33]胡奎伟,许柳雄,陈新军,等.海洋遥感在渔场分析中的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2012,18(6):1078-1087.
[34]NAKAMURA Y,KERCIKU F.Effects of filter-feeding bivalves on the distribution of water quality and nutrient cycling in a eutrophic lagoon[J].J Mar Sys,2000,26:209-221.
[35]陈丕茂,袁华荣,贾晓平,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):100-108.
[36]陈勇,杨军,田涛,等.獐子岛海洋牧场人工鱼礁区鱼类资源养护效果的初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(2):183-187.
[37]JIANG Z Y,LIANG Z L,ZHU L X,et al.Numerical simulation of effect of guide plate on flow field of artificial reef[J].Ocean Eng,2016,116:236-241.
[38]LIU Y,ZHAO Y P,DONG G H,et al.A study of the flow field characteristics around star-shaped artificial reefs[J].J Fluids Struct,2013,39(5):27-40.
[39]崔勇,关长涛,万荣,等.人工鱼礁流场效应的数值模拟与仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(23):7393-7396.
[40]CHARBONNEL E,SERRE C,RUITTON S,et al.Effects of increased habitat complexity on fish assemblages associated with large artificial reef units(French Mediterranean coast)[J].ICES JMar Sci,2002,59(S):S208-S213.
[41]张虎,刘培廷,汤建华,等.海州湾人工鱼礁大型底栖生物调查[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(2):97-104.
[42]KRONCKE I.Long-term change in North Sea benthos[J].Sencken Bergiana Marit,1995,26(12):73-80.
[43]申屠基康,林霞,赵亚波,等.贝类对对虾养殖池塘沉积物中小型底栖动物的影响[J].水产学报,2017,41(9):1434-1442.
[44]舒黎明,陈丕茂,黎小国,等.柘林湾附近海域大型底栖动物物种多样性[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(3):501-516.
[45]陈晨,焦海峰,王一农,等.象山港海洋牧场示范区大型底栖生物的时空变化[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):130-139.