基于CFD的风雨环境翼伞动力学建模
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摘要
为研究风雨对翼伞飞行性能的影响,引入风雨环境翼伞动力学模型,在气动方程中加入雨膜、风荷载、雨荷载等影响因素。利用CFD技术模拟风雨环境:通过网格速度模拟风场,多相流模拟降雨,动网格模拟翼伞姿态变化,并求解时均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程,对气动方程进行补充与验证,从而完成风雨环境的翼伞动力学建模工作。研究结果表明:CFD模拟结果与NASA经典风洞试验结果接近,验证了翼伞气动方程的合理性;所建模型能够较好描述翼伞在风雨环境下的飞行性能,为复杂环境下翼伞建模提供了新思路。
In order to explor the influences of wind and rain on parafoil flight characteristics, parafoil dynamic model was introduced in wind and rain environment by adding the effect factors of rain film, wind load and rain load into its aerodynamic equations. Then, the wind and rain environment was simulated by the CFD method: with wind simulated by mesh velocity, rainfall simulated by multiphase flow and parafoil attitude simulated by dynamic mesh, the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes(RANS) equations were solved for the supplements and verification of parafoil aerodynamic equations, so as to complete the task of parafoil dynamic modeling in wind and rain environment. The result shows that CFD simulation results is close to classical NASA wind tunnel test results, which verifies the rationality of parafoil aerodynamic equation. Parafoil dynamic model established in this paper describes the flight characteristics of parafoil in wind and rain environment, which provides a new idea for parafoil modeling in complex environment.
In order to explor the influences of wind and rain on parafoil flight characteristics, parafoil dynamic model was introduced in wind and rain environment by adding the effect factors of rain film, wind load and rain load into its aerodynamic equations. Then, the wind and rain environment was simulated by the CFD method: with wind simulated by mesh velocity, rainfall simulated by multiphase flow and parafoil attitude simulated by dynamic mesh, the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes(RANS) equations were solved for the supplements and verification of parafoil aerodynamic equations, so as to complete the task of parafoil dynamic modeling in wind and rain environment. The result shows that CFD simulation results is close to classical NASA wind tunnel test results, which verifies the rationality of parafoil aerodynamic equation. Parafoil dynamic model established in this paper describes the flight characteristics of parafoil in wind and rain environment, which provides a new idea for parafoil modeling in complex environment.
引文
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[15]张云彩,姚美旺,王敏声,等.阵风及其谱模拟[J].海洋工程,1996,14(2):21-28.ZHANG Yuncai,YAO Meiwang,WANG Minsheng,et al.Gust simulation[J].Ocean Engineering,1996,14(2):21-28.
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[17]熊菁.翼伞系统动力学与归航方案研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学航天与材料工程学院,2005:35-38.XIONG Jing.Research on the dynamics and homing project of parafoil system[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology.School of Aerospace and Materials Engineering,2005:35-38.
[18]ZHU Erlin,SUN Qinglin,TAN Panlong,et al.Modeling of powered parafoil based on Kirchhoff motion equation[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,2015,79(1):617-629.
[19]ZHAN Shuiqing,LI Mao,ZHOU Jiemin,et al.CFD simulation of effect of anode configuration on gas-liquid flow and alumina transport process in an aluminum reduction cell[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(7):2482-2492.
[20]邓冬.气液两相流矩形柱绕流旋涡脱落数值研究[D].吉林:东北电力大学能源与机械工程学院,2009:26-27.DENG dong.Numerical investigation of vortex shedding from rectangle cylinders scoured by gas-liquid two-phase flow[D].Jilin:Northeast Dianli University.College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,2009:26-27.
[21]GHOREYSHI M,CUMMINGS R M.Unsteady aerodynamic modeling of aircraft control surfaces by indicial response methods[J].AIAA Journal,2014,52(12):2683-2700.
[22]HAINES P,LUERS J.Aerodynamic penalties of heavy rain on landing airplanes[J].Journal of Aircraft,1983,20(2):111-119.
[2]TAO Jin,SUN Qinglin,ZHU Erlin,et al.Quantum genetic algorithm based homing trajectory planning of parafoil system[C]//Control Conference(CCC),2015 34th Chinese.Hangzhou,China:IEEE,2015:2523-2528.
[3]SINGH R,BAEDER J D.Direct calculation of three-dimensional indicial lift response using computational fluid dynamics[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,34(4):465-471.
[4]RAVEH D E.Gust-response analysis of free elastic aircraft in the transonic flight regime[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,48(4):1204-1211.
[5]KARPEL M.Design for active flutter suppression and gust alleviation using state-space aeroelastic modeling[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,19(3):221-227.
[6]许晓平,张艳敬.基于CFD方法的机翼阵风响应研究[J].飞机设计,2011,31(2):20-24.XU Xiaoping,ZHANG Yanjing.Study of the wing gust response for based-CFD method[J].Aircraft Design,2011,31(2):20-24.
[7]聂雪媛,杨国伟.基于CFD降阶模型的阵风减缓主动控制研究[J].航空学报,2015,36(4):1103-1111.NIE Xueyuan,YANG Guowei.Gust alleviation active control based on CFD reduced-order models[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(4):1103-1111.
[8]GAUDY M B,DUNHAM Jr R E,GENTRY Jr G L,et al.Wind tunnel aerodynamic characteristics of a transport-type airfoil in a simulated heavy rain environment[R].Hampton:NASA Langley Research Center,1992:1-21.
[9]DOUVI E C,MARGARIS D P.Aerodynamic performance investigation under the influence of heavy rain of a NACA 0012airfoil for wind turbine applications[J].International Review of Mechanical Engineering,2012,6(6):1228-1235.
[10]THOMPSON B E,JANG J.Aerodynamic efficiency of wings in rain[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,33(6):1047-1053.
[11]HASTINGS E C,MANUEL G S.Scale-model tests of airfoils in simulated heavy rain[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,22(6):536-540.
[12]REEHORST A,CHUNG J,POTAPCZUK M,et al.Study of icing effects on performance and controllability of an accident aircraft[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,37(2):253-259.
[13]CHOI E C C.Numerical modelling of gust effect on wind-driven rain[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,72(1):107-116.
[14]黄成涛,王立新.风雨对飞机飞行安全性的影响[J].航空学报,2010,31(4):694-700.HUANG Chengtao,WANG Lixin.Effects of rain and wind on aircraft flight safety[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(4):694-700.
[15]张云彩,姚美旺,王敏声,等.阵风及其谱模拟[J].海洋工程,1996,14(2):21-28.ZHANG Yuncai,YAO Meiwang,WANG Minsheng,et al.Gust simulation[J].Ocean Engineering,1996,14(2):21-28.
[16]BARROWS T M.Apparent mass of parafoils with spanwise camber[J].Journal of Aircraft,2002,39(3):445-451.
[17]熊菁.翼伞系统动力学与归航方案研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学航天与材料工程学院,2005:35-38.XIONG Jing.Research on the dynamics and homing project of parafoil system[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology.School of Aerospace and Materials Engineering,2005:35-38.
[18]ZHU Erlin,SUN Qinglin,TAN Panlong,et al.Modeling of powered parafoil based on Kirchhoff motion equation[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,2015,79(1):617-629.
[19]ZHAN Shuiqing,LI Mao,ZHOU Jiemin,et al.CFD simulation of effect of anode configuration on gas-liquid flow and alumina transport process in an aluminum reduction cell[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(7):2482-2492.
[20]邓冬.气液两相流矩形柱绕流旋涡脱落数值研究[D].吉林:东北电力大学能源与机械工程学院,2009:26-27.DENG dong.Numerical investigation of vortex shedding from rectangle cylinders scoured by gas-liquid two-phase flow[D].Jilin:Northeast Dianli University.College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,2009:26-27.
[21]GHOREYSHI M,CUMMINGS R M.Unsteady aerodynamic modeling of aircraft control surfaces by indicial response methods[J].AIAA Journal,2014,52(12):2683-2700.
[22]HAINES P,LUERS J.Aerodynamic penalties of heavy rain on landing airplanes[J].Journal of Aircraft,1983,20(2):111-119.