红十字会救援人员的心理创伤反应及预测因素
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摘要
目的:旨在考察红十字会救援人员的心理压力等方面的心理状况,为救援人员的心理服务工作提供帮助。方法:对298名南京市红十字会救援人员进行问卷调查,测量其创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、创伤后成长(PTG)、主动反刍、侵入反刍的水平。结果:(1)救援人员的创伤后应激障碍筛查阳性率为35.2%,创伤后成长的筛查阳性率47.3%;(2)创伤后应激障碍在年龄上有显著差异,年龄≤20岁的救援人员的PTSD分数显著高于年龄>20岁的救援人员;(3)创伤后应激障碍在教育水平上存在显著差异,教育程度为大专/本科及以上的救援人员的PTSD分数显著高于高中/中专的救援人员;(4)侵入反刍显著正向预测创伤后应激障碍,主动反刍显著正向预测创伤后成长。结论:救援人员的心理创伤反应在年龄、教育水平存在差异。反刍能够预测救援人员的心理创伤反应。
Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the psychological conditions of the Red Cross rescue workers. Methods: A total of 298 Rescue workers in Nanjing Red Cross Society were surveyed to measure their posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, deliberate rumination and intrusive rumination. Results: ①The posttraumatic stress disorder rate of rescue workers was 35.2% and the prevalence of posttraumatic growth was 47.3%; ②The posttraumatic stress disorder of rescue workers was significantly different in age and education. ③Intrusive rumination significantly predicted Posttraumatic stress disorder positively and deliberate rumination significantly predicted posttraumatic growth positively. Conclusion: Rumination has a sound influence on the posttraumatic metal state.
Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the psychological conditions of the Red Cross rescue workers. Methods: A total of 298 Rescue workers in Nanjing Red Cross Society were surveyed to measure their posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, deliberate rumination and intrusive rumination. Results: ①The posttraumatic stress disorder rate of rescue workers was 35.2% and the prevalence of posttraumatic growth was 47.3%; ②The posttraumatic stress disorder of rescue workers was significantly different in age and education. ③Intrusive rumination significantly predicted Posttraumatic stress disorder positively and deliberate rumination significantly predicted posttraumatic growth positively. Conclusion: Rumination has a sound influence on the posttraumatic metal state.
引文
1徐慰,尉玮,何丽,等.创伤经历者的认知改变对社会支持与创伤负性后果关系的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2014,22(3):433-436
2 Xu W,Ding X,Pei HG,et al.Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between depression and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents following a tornado.Personality&Individual Differences,2018,127:15-21
3 Wang X,Gao L,Shinfuku N,et al.Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in north China.American Journal of Psychiatry,2000,157(8):1260-1266
4金小红.灾害救援人员的心理反应及必要的心理支持.全国“新一轮医院评审新思路”研讨会、全国自然灾害护理研讨会,2012
5姜莹莹,李红玉,张涛.灾害救援医务人员心理反应及相关因素.护理研究,2011,25(11):941-943
6章华,王亚丽,黄永兰,等.地震救援军人创伤后应激障碍的随访.中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(1):75-77
7汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,等.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(01):28-30
8徐唯,宋瑛,梁爱民,等.特大爆炸事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的初步研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):603-606
9邓扬,李辉.灾难救援人员创伤后应激障碍的流行病学研究进展.考试周刊,2009,13:239-240
10董强利,叶兰仙,张玉堂.创伤后应激障碍的影响因素及心理危机干预.精神医学杂志,2012,25(1):72-74
11 Tedeschi RG,Calhoun LG.The posttraumatic growth inventory:measuring the positive legacy of trauma.Journal of Traumatic Stress,1996,9(3):455-471
12 Wu X,Xiao Z,Wu Y,et al.The role of rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake.Frontiers in Psychology,2015,6:1-8
13 Hafstad GS,Kilmer RP,Gilrivas V.Posttraumatic growth among Norwegian children and adolescents exposed to the2004 tsunami.Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice&Policy,2011,3(2):130-138
14安媛媛,臧伟伟,伍新春,等.创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后成长的影响--复原力的调节作用.心理科学,2011,34(3):727-732
15涂阳军,陈建文.创伤后成长:概念与测量.中国社会医学杂志,2009,26(5):260-262
16周宵,伍新春,安媛媛,等.青少年核心信念挑战对创伤后成长的影响:反刍与社会支持的作用.心理学报,2014,46(10):1509-1520
17廖静萍,罗稀,尹敏,等.汶川地震六年后救灾护士的创伤后成长水平及影响因素分析.中国实用护理杂志,2017,33(26):
18 Watkins ER.Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought.Psychological Bulletin,2008,134(2):163-206
19周宵,伍新春,安媛媛,等.事件相关反刍量表在地震后青少年群体中的适用性研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(6):1001-1006
20 Cann,A,Calhoun,LG,Tedeschi,RG,et al.The Core Beliefs Inventory:a brief measure of disruption in the assumptive world.Anxiety Stress&Coping,2010,23(1):19-34
21郭素然,辛自强,耿柳娜.事件影响量表修订版的信度和效度分析.中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(1):15-17
22 Schafer JL,Graham JW.Missing data:our view of the state of the art.Psychological Methods,2002,7(2):147-177
23 Podsakoff PM,Mackenzie SB,Lee JY,et al.Common method biases in behavioral research:a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903
24 Creamer M,Bell R,Failla S.Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale-revised.Behaviour Research and Therapy,2003,41:1489-1496
25 Tang CS.Positive and negative Postdisaster psychological adjustment among adult survivors of the Southeast Asian earthquake-tsunami.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,2006,61(5):699-705
26 Milam J,Rittolson A,Tan S,et al.The September 11th 2001Terrorist Attacks and Reports of Posttraumatic Growth among a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Adolescents.Traumatology,2005,11(4):233-246
27 Lai TJ,Chang CM,Connor KM,et al.Full and partial PTSDamong earthquake survivors in rural Taiwan.Journal of Psychiatric Research,2004,38(3):313-322
28马萍,潘集阳.创伤后应激障碍的预测因素.中山大学学报(医学科学版),2008,29(4):379-382
29 Calhoun LG,Tedeschi RG.The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth:An Expanded Framework,2006.3-23
2 Xu W,Ding X,Pei HG,et al.Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between depression and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents following a tornado.Personality&Individual Differences,2018,127:15-21
3 Wang X,Gao L,Shinfuku N,et al.Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in north China.American Journal of Psychiatry,2000,157(8):1260-1266
4金小红.灾害救援人员的心理反应及必要的心理支持.全国“新一轮医院评审新思路”研讨会、全国自然灾害护理研讨会,2012
5姜莹莹,李红玉,张涛.灾害救援医务人员心理反应及相关因素.护理研究,2011,25(11):941-943
6章华,王亚丽,黄永兰,等.地震救援军人创伤后应激障碍的随访.中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(1):75-77
7汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,等.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(01):28-30
8徐唯,宋瑛,梁爱民,等.特大爆炸事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的初步研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):603-606
9邓扬,李辉.灾难救援人员创伤后应激障碍的流行病学研究进展.考试周刊,2009,13:239-240
10董强利,叶兰仙,张玉堂.创伤后应激障碍的影响因素及心理危机干预.精神医学杂志,2012,25(1):72-74
11 Tedeschi RG,Calhoun LG.The posttraumatic growth inventory:measuring the positive legacy of trauma.Journal of Traumatic Stress,1996,9(3):455-471
12 Wu X,Xiao Z,Wu Y,et al.The role of rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake.Frontiers in Psychology,2015,6:1-8
13 Hafstad GS,Kilmer RP,Gilrivas V.Posttraumatic growth among Norwegian children and adolescents exposed to the2004 tsunami.Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice&Policy,2011,3(2):130-138
14安媛媛,臧伟伟,伍新春,等.创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后成长的影响--复原力的调节作用.心理科学,2011,34(3):727-732
15涂阳军,陈建文.创伤后成长:概念与测量.中国社会医学杂志,2009,26(5):260-262
16周宵,伍新春,安媛媛,等.青少年核心信念挑战对创伤后成长的影响:反刍与社会支持的作用.心理学报,2014,46(10):1509-1520
17廖静萍,罗稀,尹敏,等.汶川地震六年后救灾护士的创伤后成长水平及影响因素分析.中国实用护理杂志,2017,33(26):
18 Watkins ER.Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought.Psychological Bulletin,2008,134(2):163-206
19周宵,伍新春,安媛媛,等.事件相关反刍量表在地震后青少年群体中的适用性研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(6):1001-1006
20 Cann,A,Calhoun,LG,Tedeschi,RG,et al.The Core Beliefs Inventory:a brief measure of disruption in the assumptive world.Anxiety Stress&Coping,2010,23(1):19-34
21郭素然,辛自强,耿柳娜.事件影响量表修订版的信度和效度分析.中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(1):15-17
22 Schafer JL,Graham JW.Missing data:our view of the state of the art.Psychological Methods,2002,7(2):147-177
23 Podsakoff PM,Mackenzie SB,Lee JY,et al.Common method biases in behavioral research:a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903
24 Creamer M,Bell R,Failla S.Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale-revised.Behaviour Research and Therapy,2003,41:1489-1496
25 Tang CS.Positive and negative Postdisaster psychological adjustment among adult survivors of the Southeast Asian earthquake-tsunami.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,2006,61(5):699-705
26 Milam J,Rittolson A,Tan S,et al.The September 11th 2001Terrorist Attacks and Reports of Posttraumatic Growth among a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Adolescents.Traumatology,2005,11(4):233-246
27 Lai TJ,Chang CM,Connor KM,et al.Full and partial PTSDamong earthquake survivors in rural Taiwan.Journal of Psychiatric Research,2004,38(3):313-322
28马萍,潘集阳.创伤后应激障碍的预测因素.中山大学学报(医学科学版),2008,29(4):379-382
29 Calhoun LG,Tedeschi RG.The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth:An Expanded Framework,2006.3-23