知识基础、知识场活性与技术差异化能力
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摘要
技术差异化能力是企业核心能力的关键维度之一,其长期积累更是企业进行技术创新的基础。本文基于知识基础观,探讨在不同的知识存量基础下如何通过不同知识主体间的场效应来形成企业的技术差异化能力。通过170个高技术制造企业的样本数据进行回归分析表明:知识宽度对企业技术差异化能力有显著的正向影响;知识深度对企业技术差异化能力有显著的正向影响;知识场活性正向调节知识宽度与技术差异化能力之间的关系;知识场活性在知识深度与技术差异化能力之间发挥积极的调节作用。根据研究结论,提出了加强知识基础建设、权衡知识策略、营造知识场及树立知识管理意识等相关管理建议。
Technology differentiation ability is one of the key dimensions of the company's core competence. Its long-term accumulation is the basis for the company to carry out technological innovation. Therefore, based on the knowledge-based theory, it discusses how to form a company's technology differentiation ability through the field effect among different knowledge subjects on the basis of different knowledge stock. The regression results of 170 samples from high-tech manufacturing companies show that knowledge breadth has a significant positive effect on technology differentiation ability;knowledge depth has a significant positive effect on technology differentiation ability; knowledge field activity positively moderates the relationship between knowledge breadth and technology differentiation ability and knowledge field activity plays an active role in regulating knowledge depth and technology differentiation ability. According to the research conclusion, this paper proposes relevant management suggestions such as strengthening knowledge infrastructure construction, weighing knowledge strategies, creating knowledge fields and establishing knowledge management awareness.
Technology differentiation ability is one of the key dimensions of the company's core competence. Its long-term accumulation is the basis for the company to carry out technological innovation. Therefore, based on the knowledge-based theory, it discusses how to form a company's technology differentiation ability through the field effect among different knowledge subjects on the basis of different knowledge stock. The regression results of 170 samples from high-tech manufacturing companies show that knowledge breadth has a significant positive effect on technology differentiation ability;knowledge depth has a significant positive effect on technology differentiation ability; knowledge field activity positively moderates the relationship between knowledge breadth and technology differentiation ability and knowledge field activity plays an active role in regulating knowledge depth and technology differentiation ability. According to the research conclusion, this paper proposes relevant management suggestions such as strengthening knowledge infrastructure construction, weighing knowledge strategies, creating knowledge fields and establishing knowledge management awareness.
引文
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[25]March J.G..Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning[J].Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[26]林筠,郭敏.知识流与技术能力:探索和利用性学习的中介作用[J].科研管理,2016,(6).
[27]高良谋,马文甲.开放式创新:内涵、框架与中国情境[J].管理世界,2014,(6).
[28]苗长虹,艾少伟.“学习场”结构与空间中的创新[J].经济地理,2009,(7).
[29]姜骞,刘强,唐震.创新网络关系治理对科技型中小企业突破性创新的影响机理——知识场活性的中介效应[J].科技进步与对策,2017,(12).
[30]Spender J.C..Knowledge Fields:Some Post-9/11Thoughts about the Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm[M]Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2004.
[31]Ozdemir S.,Kandemir.D.,Eng T.Y..The role of horizontal and vertical new product alliances in responsive and proactive market orientations and performance of industrial manufacturing firms[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2017,64(7):25-35.
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[33]王坤,袁静.共享领导对研发团队绩效的影响机制研究——以天津市文化创意型企业为例[J].技术经济与管理研究,2012,(11).
[2]Martinrojas R.,Fernandezperez V.,Garciasanchez E,et al..Encouraging organizational performance through the influence of technological distinctive competencies on components of corporate entrepreneurship[J].International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2017,13(2):397-426.
[3]Carolis D.M.D..Competencies and Imitability in the Pharmaceutical Industry:An Analysis of Their Relationship with Firm Performance[J].Journal of Management,2003,29(1):27-50.
[4]Nelson R.R..Why do firms differ,and how does it matter?[J].Strategic Management Journal,1991,12(1):61-74.
[5]García-Morales V.J.,Bolívar-Ramos M.T,MartínRojas R..Technological variables and absorptive capacity's influence on performance through corporate entrepreneurship[J]Journal of Business Research,2014,67(7):1468-1477.
[6]Encarnación G.,Víctor J.Ga,Rodrigo M..Do social networks and technological capabilities help knowledge management?[J].Journal of technology management&innovation,2017,12(4);65-69.
[7]简泽,谭利萍,吕大国,等.市场竞争的创造性、破坏性与技术升级[J].中国工业经济,2017,(5).
[8]Ritter T,Gemünden H.G..The impact of a company's business strategy on its technological competence,network competence and innovation success[J].Journal of Business Research,2004,57(5):548-556.
[9]Cantwell J.,Fai F..Firms as the source of innovation and growth:the evolution of technological competence[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,1999,9(3):331-366.
[10]Teece D.J..Business Models,Business Strategy and Innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2):172-194.
[11]Audia P.G,Goncalo J.A..Past Success and Creativity over Time:A Study of Inventors in the Hard Disk Drive Industry[J].Management Science,2007,53(1):1-15.
[12]Bolívar-Ramos M.T.,García-Morales V.J,GarcíaSánchez E..Technological distinctive competencies and organizational learning:Effects on organizational innovation to improve firm performance[M].Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.2012.
[13]Zhou K.Z.,Li C.B..How knowledge affects radical innovation:Knowledge base,market knowledge acquisition,and internal knowledge sharing[J].Strategic Managem-ent Journal,2012,33(9):1090-1102.
[14]Xu S..Balancing the Two Knowledge Dimensions in Innovation Efforts:An Empirical Examination among Pharmaceutical Firms[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2015,32(4):610-621.
[15]马永红,张帆,李欢.转移企业结网策略对集群网络结构与知识水平的影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,(10).
[16]Luca L.M.D.,Atuahenegima K..Market Knowledge Dimensions and Cross-Functional Collaboration:Examining the Different Routes to Product Innovation Performance[J].Journal of Marketing,2007,71(1):95-112.
[17]Zahra S.,George G..Absorptive Capacity:A Review,Reconceptualization,and Extension[J].Academy of Management Review,2002,27(2):185-203.
[18]Grant R.M..Toward a knowledge‐based theory of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(S2):109-122.
[19]Leiponen A.,Helfat C.E..Innovation objectives,knowledge sources,and the benefits of breadth[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(2):224-236.
[20]李宁娟,高山行.未吸收冗余、环境扫描、探索式创新——基于企业内外部因素调节作用的研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,(1).
[21]王鉴忠,秦剑,周桂荣.顾客导向、竞争者导向、市场知识与新产品开发——基于产品创新性的差异比较研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,(10).
[22]Taylor A.,Greve H.R..Superman or the Fantastic Four?Knowledge Combination and Experience in Innovative Teams[J].Academy of Management Journal,2006,49(4):723-740.
[23]Koga M.,Kusunoki S.,Kaida K,et al..The role of diversification profiles and dyadic characteristics in the formation of technological alliances:Differences between exploitation and exploration in a low-tech industry[J].Research Policy,201645(2):517-532.
[24]Teece D.,David J..Capturing value from knowledge assets:The new economy,markets for know-how,and intangible assets[J].California management review,1998,40(3):55-79.
[25]March J.G..Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning[J].Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[26]林筠,郭敏.知识流与技术能力:探索和利用性学习的中介作用[J].科研管理,2016,(6).
[27]高良谋,马文甲.开放式创新:内涵、框架与中国情境[J].管理世界,2014,(6).
[28]苗长虹,艾少伟.“学习场”结构与空间中的创新[J].经济地理,2009,(7).
[29]姜骞,刘强,唐震.创新网络关系治理对科技型中小企业突破性创新的影响机理——知识场活性的中介效应[J].科技进步与对策,2017,(12).
[30]Spender J.C..Knowledge Fields:Some Post-9/11Thoughts about the Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm[M]Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2004.
[31]Ozdemir S.,Kandemir.D.,Eng T.Y..The role of horizontal and vertical new product alliances in responsive and proactive market orientations and performance of industrial manufacturing firms[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2017,64(7):25-35.
[32]于飞,蔡翔,董亮.研发模式对企业创新的影响——知识基础的调节作用[J].管理科学,2017,(3).
[33]王坤,袁静.共享领导对研发团队绩效的影响机制研究——以天津市文化创意型企业为例[J].技术经济与管理研究,2012,(11).