资源系统、家族网依赖与农民创业旅游小企业成长关系研究
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摘要
创业资源系统获取是农民创业成功的基础条件。在乡村相对滞后的经济条件和市场环境下,家人亲戚构成的家族网络是农民获取资源、谋求自创旅游小企业成长的重要渠道。本文基于创业资源需求,将创业农民社会关系网划分为建议网络、资产网络、情感网络三个维度,从关系网中家人亲戚的比例入手,分析资源系统家族网依赖度对企业成长的双面影响。基于浙江省205家乡村旅游小企业样本的实证分析显示,资产网络家族依赖度、情感网络家族依赖度与农民自创乡村旅游小企业成长之间存在显著的"倒U型"关系。即依靠家族网获取建议资源、情感支持能够促进小企业成长,但超过一定限度则会阻碍小企业成长。本文研究既丰富了家族网与农民创业领域的理论内容,又对相关创业管理具有一定的政策启示。
Resources acquisition is the basis of entrepreneurial success. In Rural areas that are characterized by limited level of e conomic development and market mechanism, the family network serves as an important channel for entrepreneurs' access to important entrepreneurial resources. On the basis of the types of embedded resources, this paper decomposes entrepreneurial peasants' social network into three dimensions of advice, asset, and emotional networks, and analyzes the impact of each network's "family dependency" on the growth of small accommodation firms established by peasants. An empirical study of 205 small tourism firms reveals that: "family dependency" on asset and emotional network has a significantly inverted U-shaped impact on business growth. That is, a moderate level of dependency on family for asset and emotional support can facilitate firm growth, but after certain extent, the impact turns negative. This paper enriched theoretical research of family network and peasant entrepreneurship, and also had implications for entrepreneurial practitioners.
Resources acquisition is the basis of entrepreneurial success. In Rural areas that are characterized by limited level of e conomic development and market mechanism, the family network serves as an important channel for entrepreneurs' access to important entrepreneurial resources. On the basis of the types of embedded resources, this paper decomposes entrepreneurial peasants' social network into three dimensions of advice, asset, and emotional networks, and analyzes the impact of each network's "family dependency" on the growth of small accommodation firms established by peasants. An empirical study of 205 small tourism firms reveals that: "family dependency" on asset and emotional network has a significantly inverted U-shaped impact on business growth. That is, a moderate level of dependency on family for asset and emotional support can facilitate firm growth, but after certain extent, the impact turns negative. This paper enriched theoretical research of family network and peasant entrepreneurship, and also had implications for entrepreneurial practitioners.
引文
1.蒋剑勇、钱文荣、郭红东:《社会网络、社会技能与农民创业资源获取》,《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2013年第1期。
2.庄晋财、芮正云、曾纪芬:《双重网络嵌入、创业资源获取对农民工创业能力的影响》,《中国农村观察》2014年第3期。
3.Aldrich H E,Cliff J E.“The Pervasive Effects of Family on Entrepreneurship:Toward a Family Embeddedness Perspective”[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(5).
4.Alesina A,Giuliano P.“Family Ties and Political Participation”[J].Journal of the European Economic Association,2011,9(5).
5.Arregle J L,Batjargal B,Hitt M A,et al.“Family Ties in Entrepreneurs’Social Networks and New Venture Growth”[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2015,39(2).
6.Batjargal B.“Internet Entrepreneurship:Social Capital,Human Capital,and Performance of Internet Ventures in China”[J].Research Policy,2007,36(5).
7.Brush C G,Greene P G,Hart M M.“From Initial Idea to Unique Advantage:The Entrepreneurial Challenge of Constructing a Resource Base”[J].Academy of Management Executive,2001,15(1).
8.Cordes C L,Dougherty T W.“A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout”[J].Academy of Management Review,1993,18(4).
9.Davis J H,Schoorman F.D,Donaldson L.“Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management”[J].Academy of Management Review,1997,22(1).
10.Domenico M,Miller G.“Farming and Tourism Enterprise:Experiential Authenticity in the Diversification o Independent Small-scale Family Farming”[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(2).
11.Lin N.Social Capital:A Theory of Social Structure and Action[M].NY:Cambridge University Press,2001.
12.Mccarthy B.“Music and Tourism:on the Road Again”[J].Tourism Recreation Research,2008,33(3).
13.Renzulli L A,Aldrich H.“Who Can You Turn to?Tie Activation within Core Business Discussion Networks”[J].Social Forces,2005,84(1).
14.Renzulli L,Aldrich H E,Moody J.“Family Matters Gender,Networks,and Entrepreneurial Outcomes”[J].Socia Forces,2000,79(2).
15.Shane S,Cable D.“Network Ties,Reputation and the Financing of New Ventures”[J].Manage ment Science,2002,48(3).
16.Sirmon D G,Hitt M A,Ireland R D.“Managing Firm Resources in Dynamic Environments to Create Value:Looking Inside the Black Box”[J].Academy of Management Review,2007,32(1).
17.Sorenson O,Stuart T E.“Syndication Networks and the Spatial Distribution of Venture Capital Investments”[J].American Journal of Sociology,2000,106(6).
18.Stam W,Arzlanian S,Elfring T.“Social Capital of Entrepreneurs and Small Firm Performance:A Meta-analysis of Contextual and Methodological Moderators”[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2014,29(1).
19.Stuart T,Sorenson O.“Strategic Networks and Entrepreneurial Ventures”[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2007,1(3).
20.Unger J M,Rauch A,Frese M,Rosenbusch N.“Human Capital and Entrepreneurial Success:A Meta-analytical Review”[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(3).
2.庄晋财、芮正云、曾纪芬:《双重网络嵌入、创业资源获取对农民工创业能力的影响》,《中国农村观察》2014年第3期。
3.Aldrich H E,Cliff J E.“The Pervasive Effects of Family on Entrepreneurship:Toward a Family Embeddedness Perspective”[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(5).
4.Alesina A,Giuliano P.“Family Ties and Political Participation”[J].Journal of the European Economic Association,2011,9(5).
5.Arregle J L,Batjargal B,Hitt M A,et al.“Family Ties in Entrepreneurs’Social Networks and New Venture Growth”[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2015,39(2).
6.Batjargal B.“Internet Entrepreneurship:Social Capital,Human Capital,and Performance of Internet Ventures in China”[J].Research Policy,2007,36(5).
7.Brush C G,Greene P G,Hart M M.“From Initial Idea to Unique Advantage:The Entrepreneurial Challenge of Constructing a Resource Base”[J].Academy of Management Executive,2001,15(1).
8.Cordes C L,Dougherty T W.“A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout”[J].Academy of Management Review,1993,18(4).
9.Davis J H,Schoorman F.D,Donaldson L.“Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management”[J].Academy of Management Review,1997,22(1).
10.Domenico M,Miller G.“Farming and Tourism Enterprise:Experiential Authenticity in the Diversification o Independent Small-scale Family Farming”[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(2).
11.Lin N.Social Capital:A Theory of Social Structure and Action[M].NY:Cambridge University Press,2001.
12.Mccarthy B.“Music and Tourism:on the Road Again”[J].Tourism Recreation Research,2008,33(3).
13.Renzulli L A,Aldrich H.“Who Can You Turn to?Tie Activation within Core Business Discussion Networks”[J].Social Forces,2005,84(1).
14.Renzulli L,Aldrich H E,Moody J.“Family Matters Gender,Networks,and Entrepreneurial Outcomes”[J].Socia Forces,2000,79(2).
15.Shane S,Cable D.“Network Ties,Reputation and the Financing of New Ventures”[J].Manage ment Science,2002,48(3).
16.Sirmon D G,Hitt M A,Ireland R D.“Managing Firm Resources in Dynamic Environments to Create Value:Looking Inside the Black Box”[J].Academy of Management Review,2007,32(1).
17.Sorenson O,Stuart T E.“Syndication Networks and the Spatial Distribution of Venture Capital Investments”[J].American Journal of Sociology,2000,106(6).
18.Stam W,Arzlanian S,Elfring T.“Social Capital of Entrepreneurs and Small Firm Performance:A Meta-analysis of Contextual and Methodological Moderators”[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2014,29(1).
19.Stuart T,Sorenson O.“Strategic Networks and Entrepreneurial Ventures”[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2007,1(3).
20.Unger J M,Rauch A,Frese M,Rosenbusch N.“Human Capital and Entrepreneurial Success:A Meta-analytical Review”[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(3).