双重网络嵌入与企业创新绩效——结构视角的实证研究
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摘要
企业是社会经济的最终执行者和最小组成单元,提升企业创新绩效是实现中国经济创新驱动发展的前提和保证。在嵌入式创新背景下,企业创新活动受到知识网络中知识元和协同网络中合作伙伴的双重影响。从网络结构视角研究知识网络嵌入和协同网络嵌入对企业创新绩效的影响,运用网络可视化技术构建武汉东湖高新区生物医药领域知识网络模型和协同网络模型,分析中心度和结构洞对于企业创新绩效的影响。结果表明:①企业创新绩效与知识网络中心度呈倒U型关系而与结构洞呈正相关关系;②企业创新绩效与协同网络中心度呈正相关关系而与结构洞程度关系不显著;③知识网络与协同网络相互分离无相关性。最后,从网络结构角度提出提升企业创新绩效的建议。
Enterprises are ultimate undertakers and elementary units of social economy,and enhancing the innovation performance of enterprises is the prerequisite and guarantee for realizing Chinese economy innovation-driven development.Embedded innovation becomes a new innovation paradigm.Firms' innovation activities are influenced by both knowledge elements in the knowledge network and partners in the collaborative network.This paper explores the influence of knowledge network embeddedness and collaboration network embeddedness on enterprise innovation performance from network structure perspective,and builds up the knowledge network and collaborative network of biological medicine field in Wuhan East Lake high-tech zone by network visualization technology to analyze the impact of centrality and structure hole on enterprise innovation performance.Results show that:①It has an inverted U-shaped relationship between enterprise innovation performance and centrality in knowledge network,while innovation performance and structural holes present a positive correlation;②enterprise innovation performance is positively related to centrality in collaborative network,while there's no significant relationship between innovation performance and the degree of structural holes;③knowledge network and collaborative network has no correlation.Finally,some suggestions is put forward from network embeddedness and network structure perspectives.
Enterprises are ultimate undertakers and elementary units of social economy,and enhancing the innovation performance of enterprises is the prerequisite and guarantee for realizing Chinese economy innovation-driven development.Embedded innovation becomes a new innovation paradigm.Firms' innovation activities are influenced by both knowledge elements in the knowledge network and partners in the collaborative network.This paper explores the influence of knowledge network embeddedness and collaboration network embeddedness on enterprise innovation performance from network structure perspective,and builds up the knowledge network and collaborative network of biological medicine field in Wuhan East Lake high-tech zone by network visualization technology to analyze the impact of centrality and structure hole on enterprise innovation performance.Results show that:①It has an inverted U-shaped relationship between enterprise innovation performance and centrality in knowledge network,while innovation performance and structural holes present a positive correlation;②enterprise innovation performance is positively related to centrality in collaborative network,while there's no significant relationship between innovation performance and the degree of structural holes;③knowledge network and collaborative network has no correlation.Finally,some suggestions is put forward from network embeddedness and network structure perspectives.
引文
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[23]LUO J,CHI S,LIN D.Who is trustworthy:a comparison of social relations across taiwan strait[C].The Conference of North American Chinese Sociologists Association,Chicago,2002.
[24]WU W.Dimensions of social capital and firm competitiveness improvement:the mediating role of information sharing[J].Journal of Management Study,2008,45(8):122-146.
[25]KARAMANOS G.Leveraging micro-and macro-structures of embeddedness in alliance networks for exploratory innovation in biotechnology[J].R&D Management,2012,42(6):71-89.
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[28]曾德明,文金艳.协作研发网络中心度、知识距离对企业二元式创新的影响[J].管理学报,2015,12(10):1479-1486.
[29]TSAI W.Knowledge transfer in intra-organizational networks:effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business-unit innovation and performance[J].Academy Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1014.
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[31]KIM J,KOGUT B.Technological platforms and diversification[J].Organization Science,1996,7(11):283-301.
[32]GULATI R,SYTCH M,TATARYNOWICZ A.The rise and fall of small worlds:exploring the dynamics of social structure[J].Organization Science,2012,23(10):449-471.
[33]LI E Y,LIAO C H,et al.Co-authorship networks and research impact:a social capital perspective[J].Research Policy,2013,42(3):1515-1530.
[2]魏江,徐蕾.集群企业知识网络双重嵌入演进路径研究---以正泰集团为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(2):247-253.
[3]陈学光,俞红,等.研发团队海外嵌入特征、知识搜索与---基于浙江高新技术企业的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(1):151-160.
[4]王雷,姚洪心.全球价值链嵌入对集群企业创新绩效的影响[J].科研管理,2014,35(6):41-46.
[5]赵炎,周娟.企业合作网络中嵌入性及联盟类型对创新绩效影响的实证研究---以中国半导体战略联盟网络为例[J].研究与发展管理,2013,25(1):12-23.
[6]唐朝永,牛冲槐.协同创新网络、人才集聚效应与创新绩效关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(3):134-139.
[7]戴勇,朱桂龙,等.集群网络结构与技术创新绩效关系研究:吸收能力是中介变量吗[J].科技进步与对策,2018,35(9):16-22.
[8]GRANOVETTER M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of social embeddedness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510.
[9]王育晓,张明亲,等.嵌入型视角下军民融合技术创新网络负效应研究[J].科技进步与对策,2018,35(9):123-130.
[10]林嵩,许健.嵌入型与初创企业创新倾向:一个实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2018,35(1):102-108.
[11]孙笑明,王静雪,王成军,等.研发者专利合作网络中结构洞变化对企业创新能力的影响[J].科技进步与对策,2018,35(1):115-122.
[12]魏江,郑小勇.关系嵌入强度对企业技术创新绩效的影响机制研究---基于组织学习能力的中介性调节效应分析[J].浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版,2010,40(6):168-180.
[13]谢洪明,赵丽,等.网络密度、学习能力与技术创新的关系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(10):57-63.
[14]BRESNAHAN T,GAMBARDELLA A,et al.‘Old economy’inputs for‘new economy’outcomes:cluster formation in new silicon valley[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2010,10(4):835-860.
[15]CARNABUCI G,BRUGGEMAN J.Knowledge specialization,knowledge brokerage and the uneven growth of technology domains[J].Social Forces,2009,88(5):607-641.
[16]QUATRARO F.Knowledge coherence,variety and economic growth:manufacturing evidence from italian regions[J].Research Policy,2010,39(8):1289-1302.
[17]BOH F,EVARISTO R,et al.Balancing breadth and depth of expertise for innovation:a 3Mstory[J].Research Policy,2014,43(7):349-366.
[18]WANG C,RODEN S,et al.Knowledge networks,collaboration networks,and exploratory innovation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2014,57(2):484-514.
[19]BURT R.Structure holes:the social of competition[M].Cambridge,Massachusetts,Harvard University Press,1995.
[20]COHEN M,LEVINTHAL A.Absorptive capacity:a new perspective on learning and innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(4):128-152.
[21]BIERLY E,DAMANPOUR F,et al.The application of external knowledge:organizational conditions for exploration and exploitation[J].Journal of Management Study,2009,46(11):481-509.
[22]池仁勇.区域中小企业创新网络的结点联接及其效率评价研究[J].管理世界,2007,27(1):105-113.
[23]LUO J,CHI S,LIN D.Who is trustworthy:a comparison of social relations across taiwan strait[C].The Conference of North American Chinese Sociologists Association,Chicago,2002.
[24]WU W.Dimensions of social capital and firm competitiveness improvement:the mediating role of information sharing[J].Journal of Management Study,2008,45(8):122-146.
[25]KARAMANOS G.Leveraging micro-and macro-structures of embeddedness in alliance networks for exploratory innovation in biotechnology[J].R&D Management,2012,42(6):71-89.
[26]YAYAVARAM S,AHUJA G.Decomposability in knowledge structures and its impact on the usefulness of inventions and knowledge-base malleability[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2008,53(4):333-362.
[27]王思峰,郑尹茹.线上与线下世界的交错:校园线上学习的社会网络分析[J].咨询社会研究,2005,11(8):155-192.
[28]曾德明,文金艳.协作研发网络中心度、知识距离对企业二元式创新的影响[J].管理学报,2015,12(10):1479-1486.
[29]TSAI W.Knowledge transfer in intra-organizational networks:effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business-unit innovation and performance[J].Academy Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1014.
[30]GUAN J,LIU N.Exploitative and exploratory innovations in knowledge network and collaboration network:apatent analysis in the technological field of nano-energy[J].Research Policy,2016,45(45):97-112.
[31]KIM J,KOGUT B.Technological platforms and diversification[J].Organization Science,1996,7(11):283-301.
[32]GULATI R,SYTCH M,TATARYNOWICZ A.The rise and fall of small worlds:exploring the dynamics of social structure[J].Organization Science,2012,23(10):449-471.
[33]LI E Y,LIAO C H,et al.Co-authorship networks and research impact:a social capital perspective[J].Research Policy,2013,42(3):1515-1530.