台阶式溢洪道掺气消能效果试验研究
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摘要
通过模型试验分析了台阶式溢洪道掺气对消能效果的影响。对比分析了无掺气坎、掺气坎高分别为20 cm和40 cm时的掺气效果和消能率。当掺气坎高时,水体掺气充分,水流涡旋剧烈,形成水汽两相流,水流下泄旋滚过程中势能转化成动能,在泄槽段可耗散较多能量。因此,设置掺气设施比不设置掺气设施消能效率大、消能效果好,有效地防止了空化空蚀现场的发生。
Impacts on the energy dissipation effects of the stepped spillway with aeration are analyzed through model tests.The aeration effects and the energy dissipation rate are compared and analyzed while the aeration notch is available and the notch is 20 cm high and 40 cm high respectively.When the aeration notch is higher,water is aerated fully,the flow is whirled violently.The two-phase flows of water and vapor are produced.The static energy turns into the kinetic energy while water flows and rolls down.More energy is dissipated at chute section.Therefore,the energy dissipation rate of the energy dissipater with aeration facilities is higher than that of the energy dissipater without aeration facilities.the energy dissipation effect of the former is better than that of the later.Occurrence of cavitations and cavitation erosion are effectively prevented.
Impacts on the energy dissipation effects of the stepped spillway with aeration are analyzed through model tests.The aeration effects and the energy dissipation rate are compared and analyzed while the aeration notch is available and the notch is 20 cm high and 40 cm high respectively.When the aeration notch is higher,water is aerated fully,the flow is whirled violently.The two-phase flows of water and vapor are produced.The static energy turns into the kinetic energy while water flows and rolls down.More energy is dissipated at chute section.Therefore,the energy dissipation rate of the energy dissipater with aeration facilities is higher than that of the energy dissipater without aeration facilities.the energy dissipation effect of the former is better than that of the later.Occurrence of cavitations and cavitation erosion are effectively prevented.
引文
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[12]陈剑刚,张建民,许唯临.前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道体型特点及工程应用试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010(06):6-11.
[13]张挺,许唯临,伍超.带掺气槽岸边溢洪道挑流消能工水力特性[J].水利水电科技进展,2011(02):28-33.
[14]张效先,孙可寅,高学平,等.水利枢纽溢洪道掺气坎槽体型研究[J].水利水电技术,2004(09):51-53.
[2]吴守荣,张建民,许唯临,等.前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道体型布置优化试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2008(03):37-42.
[3]张志昌,徐啸.台阶式溢洪道掺气水流水深的试验研究[J].应用力学学报,2011(06):644-648,677.
[4]张鲁鲁.新疆某水电站溢洪道台阶段水工模型试验研究[J].西北水电,2016(01):80-82.
[5]骈迎春.台阶式溢洪道强迫掺气水流水力特性的试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007.
[6]刘少斌,杨纪元,巨江,徐春燕.巴贡水电站溢洪道掺气减蚀试验研究[J].西北水电,2009(03):13-16,40.
[7]郑阿漫.掺气分流墩台阶式溢洪道水力特性的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2001.
[8]刘善均,朱利,张法星,罗书靖,白瑞迪,邓军.前置掺气坎阶梯溢洪道近壁掺气特性[J].水科学进展,2014(03):401-406.
[9]卫勇,刘菁,赵小宁.苗家坝水电站溢洪洞掺气设施的试验研究[J].西北水电,2009(03):17-22.
[10]花立峰.阶梯式导向消波墩的水力特性及应用[J].西北水电,2000(02):34-36.
[11]彭勇,张建民,许唯临,等.前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道掺气水深及消能率的计算[J].水科学进展,2009(01):63-68.
[12]陈剑刚,张建民,许唯临.前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道体型特点及工程应用试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010(06):6-11.
[13]张挺,许唯临,伍超.带掺气槽岸边溢洪道挑流消能工水力特性[J].水利水电科技进展,2011(02):28-33.
[14]张效先,孙可寅,高学平,等.水利枢纽溢洪道掺气坎槽体型研究[J].水利水电技术,2004(09):51-53.